A Country Study: Japan

• Japan
• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • Country
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation and Telecommunications
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security
• Table A. Chronology of Major Historical Periods
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Robert L. Worden)
  • Early Developments
    • Mythological Origins
    • Ancient Cultures
  • Kofun and Asuka Periods, CA. A.D. 250-710
  • Nara and Heian Periods, A.D. 710-1185
    • Economic, Social, and Administrative Developments
    • Cultural Developments and the Establishment of Buddhism
    • The Fujiwara Regency
    • The Rise of the Military Class
  • Kamakura and Muromachi Periods, 1185-1573
    • The Bakufu and the Hojo Regency
    • The Flourishing of Buddhism
    • Mongol Invasions
    • Civil War
    • Ashikaga Bakufu
    • Economic and Cultural Developments
    • Provincial Wars and Foreign Contacts
  • Reunification, 1573-1600
  • Tokugawa Period, 1600-1867
    • Rule of Shogun and Daimyo
    • Seclusion and Social Control
    • Economic Development
    • Intellectual Trends
    • Decline of the Tokugawa
  • The Emergence of Modern Japan, 1868-1919
    • The Meiji Restoration
    • Foreign Relations
    • Opposition to the Meiji Oligarchy
    • The Development of Representative Government
    • Modernization and Industrialization
    • Overseas Expansion
    • Political Rivalries
    • World War I
  • Between the Wars, 1920-36
    • Two-Party System
    • Diplomacy
    • The Rise of the Militarists
  • World War II and the Occupation, 1941-52
  • Toward a New Century, 1953-87
    • Political Developments
    • Foreign Affairs
    • Economic Achievements and the Liberal Democratic Party

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Susan O. Long)
  • Physical Setting
    • Composition, Topography, and Drainage
    • Geographic Regions
      • Hokkaido
      • Tohoku
      • Kanto
      • Chubu
      • Kinki
      • Chugoku
      • Shikoku
      • Kyushu
      • Ryukyu Islands
    • Climate
    • Earthquakes
    • Pollution
  • Population
    • Population Density
    • Age Structure
    • Migration
    • Minorities
      • Foreign Residents
      • Hisabetsu Buraku
      • Ainu
  • Values and Beliefs
    • Values
      • Empathy and Human Relations
      • The Public Sphere: Order and Status
      • The Private Sphere: Goals and Self
    • Religious and Philosophical Traditions
      • Shinto
      • Buddhism
      • Confucianism
      • Daoism
      • Christianity
      • New Religions
      • Religious Practice
      • Religion and the State
  • Social Organization
    • Family
    • Neighborhood
    • Workplace
    • Popular Culture
    • Gender Stratification and the Lives of Women
    • Age Stratification and the Elderly
  • Health Care and Social Welfare
    • Health Care
    • Social Welfare

• Chapter 3 - Education and the Arts (Robert L. August)
  • Education
    • Historical Background
    • Education Reform
    • Contemporary Setting
    • Preschool and Day Care
    • Primary and Secondary Education
      • Elementary School
      • Lower-Secondary School
      • Special Education
      • Upper-Secondary School
    • After-School Education
    • Higher Education
      • College Entrance
      • Universities
      • Junior Colleges
      • Special Training Schools
      • Miscellaneous Schools
      • Technical Colleges
      • Graduate Education and Research
      • The Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture
      • Reform
    • Social Education
  • The Arts
    • Visual Arts
      • Architecture
      • Sculpture
      • Painting
      • Calligraphy
      • Prints
      • Ceramics
      • Handicrafts
    • Performing Arts
      • No
      • Kabuki and Bunraku
      • Music
      • Dance
      • Modern Theater
    • Literature
    • Films and Television

• Chapter 4 - The Character and Structure of the Economy (Daniel A. Metraux and Kellie Ann Warner)
  • Patterns of Development
    • Revolutionary Change
    • The Evolving Occupational Structure
  • The Role of Government and Business
    • Industrial Policy
    • Monetary and Fiscal Policy
  • The Financial System
  • Public Corporations
  • Private Enterprise
  • The Culture of the Japanese Management
  • Employment and Labor Relations
    • Employment, Wages, and Working Conditions
    • The Structure of Japan's Labor Market
      • Working Women
      • Foreign Workers
      • Workers' Changing Attitudes
    • Aging and Retirement of the Labor Force
    • Social Insurance and Minimum Wage Systems
    • Labor Unions
  • Infrastructure and Technology
    • Construction
    • Mining
    • Energy
    • Research and Development
  • Industry
    • Basic Manufactures
    • Domestic Trade and Services
  • Transportation and Telecommunications
    • Railroads and Subways
    • Roads
    • Maritime Transportation
    • Civil Aviation
    • Telecommunications
  • Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
  • Living Standards

• Chapter 5 - International Economic Relations (Edward J. Lincoln)
  • Postwar Development
  • Trade and Investment Institutions
    • The Ministry of International Trade and Industry
    • The Japan External Trade Organization
    • Trading Companies
    • Financial Institutions
    • Foreign Aid Institutions
    • International Trade and Development Institutions
  • Foreign Trade Policies
    • Export Policies
    • Import Policies
  • Level and Commodity Composition of Trade
    • Exports
    • Imports
    • Balance of Merchandise Trade
  • Balance of Payments Accounts
    • Services and the Current Account
    • Capital Flows
    • The Value of the Yen
  • TRADE AND INVESTMENT RELATIONS
    • United States and Canada
    • Noncommunist Asia
    • Western Europe
    • The Middle East
    • Oceania
    • Latin America
    • Africa
    • Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
  • Internation Economic Cooperation and Aid
  • Major International Industries
    • Motor Vehicles
    • Consumer Electronics
    • Computers
    • Semiconductors
    • Iron and Steel
    • Industries of the Future

• Chapter 6 - The Political System (Donald M. Seekins)
  • The Postwar Constitution
    • The Status of the Emperor
    • The Article 9 "No War" Clause
    • Rights and Duties of Citizens
  • The Structure of Government
    • The Legislature
    • The Cabinet and Ministries
    • Local Government
    • The Electoral System
      • Elections and Political Funding
      • Electoral Districts
    • The Judicial System
      • Judicial Review
      • The Role of Law in Japanese Society
      • Human Rights
  • Contemporary Political Values
    • Community and Leadership
    • Consensus Building
  • Interest Groups
    • Business Interests
    • Small Business
    • Agricultural Cooperatives
    • Labor Organizations
    • Professional Associations and Citizen and Consumer Movements
  • The Mass Media and Politics
  • The Liberal Democratic Party
    • Party History and Basic Principles
    • Party Structure
      • Factions
      • Local Support Groups
    • The Liberal Democratic Party in National Elections
  • Bureaucrats and the Policy-Making Process
    • The Civil Service
    • Policy-Making Dynamics
      • The Human Factor
      • Formal Policy Development
    • The Budget Process
  • Minority Parties
    • Social Democratic Party of Japan
    • Komeito
    • Japan Communist Party
    • Democratic Socialist Party
    • Other Parties and Independents
  • Political Extremists

• Chapter 7 - Foreign Relations (Robert G. Sutter)
  • Major Foreign Policy Goals and Strategies
    • Early Developments
    • Postwar Developments
  • Foreign Policy Formulation
    • Institutional Framework
    • The Role of Domestic Politics
  • An Overview of Japan's Foreign Relations
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with China
    • Relations with Other Asia-Pacific Countries
      • South Asia
      • Newly Industrialized Economies
      • Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands
      • The Koreas
      • Vietnam and Cambodia
    • Relations with Russia
    • Relations with Other Countries
  • International Cooperation
    • United Nations
    • Other Organizations
    • International Banks
    • Policy after the Cold War

• Chapter 8 - National Security (Ronald E. Dolan)
  • Militarism Before 1945
    • The Bushido Code
    • The Modernization of the Military, 1868-1931
    • World War II
      • Establishment of Manchukuo
      • Sino-Japanese War
      • War in the Pacific
  • The Self-Defense Forces
    • Early Development
    • Strategic Considerations
    • Place in National Life
    • Missions
    • Organization, Training, and Equipment
      • The Defense Agency
      • The Ground Self-Defense Force
      • The Maritime Self-Defense Force
      • The Air Self-Defense Force
    • Recruitment and Conditions of Service
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
    • Defense Spending
    • The Defense Industry
    • Military Relations with the United States
  • Public Order and Internal Security
    • The Police System
      • National Organization
      • Local Organization
      • Riot Police
      • Special Police
      • Police-Community Relations
      • Conditions of Service
    • The Criminal Justice System
    • Crime
    • Civil Disturbances
    • Criminal Procedure
    • The Penal System

• Bibliography
• Glossary