The NIOSH guide suggests a range of practical interventions to prevent common occupational injuries from handling heavy or awkward loads, making repetitive movements, and other physical demands of construction work. All of the interventions have been used on actual construction work sites.

"A sprained back, a ruptured disc, carpal tunnel syndrome, or any of a dozen other common musculoskeletal injuries can cause pain, days lost from work, prolonged disability, or permanent disability, with resulting hardship for individuals and families," said NIOSH Director John Howard, M.D. "For employers, the costs in lost work time, workers’ compensation, and other expenses can have significant negative effects on their companies’ bottom line."

Dr. Howard added, "We are pleased to offer tips that companies can use to prevent such injuries from occurring, and many can be made with minimal investment."

In 2005, construction employers reported 35,900 work-related musculoskeletal disorders that resulted in one or more days away from work for injured employees. Available data indicate that such injuries are disproportionately high in construction, compared with the average for all industries.

The simple solutions in the NIOSH publication are organized according to the types of construction work in which physical demands can pose risks for musculoskeletal injuries: 1) floor and ground-level work, 2) overhead work, 3) lifting, holding, and handling materials, and 4) hand-intensive work. In each category, individual tip sheets describe practical interventions for specific work activities or equipment, such as power-assisted rebar tiers, spring- and power-assisted drywall finishing systems, vacuum lifters, and powered caulking guns.

The tip sheet format is designed to make it easy for employers and workers to use the guide on site, and to fit the interventions to everyday work activities. Many of the solutions can be adopted by workers and supervisors, while others may need the involvement of the building owner or general contractor.

Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Construction Workers, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-122, is available on the Web at www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-122/. For more information about NIOSH research and recommendations to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses in the construction industry, visit www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/construction/. More information about NIOSH research and recommendations for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders is available at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ergonomics/.

In 2003, a construction concrete reinforcement contractor asked NIOSH to evaluate the hazards of tying reinforcing steel bars (rebar) using pliers and battery-powered rebar tiers. Using pliers to manually wrap and twist wire to hold rebar has been the traditional method for doing this work, but the contractor was using the battery-powered tier for some larger jobs.

The contractor asked NIOSH to evaluate the two rebar-tying methods, on a major highway improvement project in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, to determine, for each method, the risk of developing hand-wrist and low-back problems (musculoskeletal disorders).

The evaluation found that using a battery-powered rebar tying tool significantly reduced the use of rapid and repetitive hand-wrist and forearm movements and freed one hand to support the trunk during tying. Adding an extension handle to the battery-powered rebar-tying tool allowed workers to tie rebar standing erect. Workers and management expressed confidence that the interventions increased workers’ productivity while reducing their risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

................See Tip Sheet #3