• Social support [ Time Frame: 16 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Depressive Symptoms [ Time Frame: 16 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Quality of life [ Time Frame: 16 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Behavioral: Type of online support group
Subjects will be assigned to a facilitated or unfacilitated online support group or usual care (no support group)

Purpose/Specific Aims: The purpose of this randomized three-group longitudinal study is to evaluate whether psychosocial outcomes in women with breast cancer differ based on the format of online group support. Rationale/Significance of study: No research has explored differences in psychosocial outcomes between online support groups that use a professional facilitator, those that use a non-facilitated (self-help) format, and a control group. This study will address one of the goals put forth in the 2003-2005 ONS Research Agenda, by studying the effects of technology based interventions (online support) on psychosocial outcomes (depression, perceived social support, quality of life) in women with breast cancer. This work will add to the nursing research base with regard to online support for women with breast cancer and provide a springboard for additional studies to enhance the research base. Conceptual Framework: The concept of openness, based on the mutual interaction between human beings and their environment, and emphasized in Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings provides a basis for this project. The research will utilize three different support environments and measure how interactions in each affect psychosocial outcomes over time. Main Research Variables: The independent variables are three treatment conditions (facilitated online support, non-facilitated online support, and usual care). The dependent variables are depression, perceived social support, and quality of life. Design: A randomized longitudinal design, comparing two types of online support groups and a usual care group, on the basis of three principal measures will be used. Each measure will be obtained at baseline and at three later timepoints. Setting: Support groups will be accessed from secure and password protected university web pages devoted exclusively to this study. Sample: Sixty women with breast cancer, at least 21 years of age, who have Internet access will be recruited. Methods: Women will be randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions (facilitated online support, non-facilitated online support, or usual care) given a password, and instructed to complete a Demographic Form and the study questionnaires online. All subjects will be asked to complete the study questionnaires again at 6, 12, and 16 weeks. Facilitated groups will run in a semi-structured format over 12 weeks, with a different discussion topic moderated each week by the facilitator. Non-facilitated groups will be run in a peer support format over 12 weeks. Usual care (control group) will not be assigned to a support condition. Implications for practice: Women with breast cancer are turning to online resources for support. Nurses should be aware of the benefits/limitations of this support alternative. A cost benefit may be suggested if it is shown that non-facilitated online support has psychosocial benefits similar to professionally facilitated groups. Additional research is needed to explore the impact of online support on psychosocial outcomes in people with other cancers, minorities, and men. This study will add important information to the research base regarding online support groups and help determine the best strategy for online cancer support.