• Colon cleansing level [ Time Frame: At the timing of colonoscopy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• adenoma detection rate [ Time Frame: At the timing of colonoscopy ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• Cecal intubation time [ Time Frame: At the timing of colonoscopy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Patient compliance including abdominal symptoms during colon cleansing, bowel movement on the way to hospital [ Time Frame: -2hr ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Whole procedural time [ Time Frame: At the timing of colonoscopy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Setting: A multi-center study including the following teaching hospitals:

National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei

Study design: RCT, single blinded

Study subjects:

Inclusion criteria: Subjects who receives colonoscopy for screening or for clinical purpose Exclusion criteria: Subjects with polyposis, ileus, active GI bleeding, IBD, severe constipation, renal insufficiency, obesity with BMI≥30

Grouping: subjects will be randomized to the following groups:

1. Group A: 2000 ml PEG-ELS
2. Group B: 1500ml PEG-ELS with CLRD Randomization process: Random block sheet

Measurements:

1. Subjects who obey protocol or violate/withdraw protocol will be all recorded.
2. Parameters concerning patient compliance
3. Number of detected adenoma and their topographical distribution
4. Time required for A. Cecal intubation B. Overall procedure time
5. Colon cleansing effect evaluation

The degree of cleansing will be recorded individually for each bowel segment (rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon). Each segment will be rated using a 5-point scale: 4, very good—colon empty and clean; 3, good—presence of clear liquid in the gut; 2, moderate—presence of brown liquid or small amounts of semisolid residual stool, fully removable by suction or displaceable, thus allowing a complete visualization of the underlying mucosa; 1, bad—presence of semisolid stool, only partially removable with a risk of incomplete underlying mucosal visualization; and 0, very bad—presence of semisolid or solid stool, colonoscopy incomplete or has to be stopped. The overall quality of colonic cleansing will be based on the assessment of the individual segments using a scale of A, all segments clean (i.e., scores of 3 or 4 in all segments); B, residual brown liquid or suctionable semisolid stool (i.e., a score of 2) in at least one segment; C, partially removable stool preventing complete visualization of mucosa (i.e., a score of 1) in at least one segment; or D, at least one segment can not be examined due to the presence of solid stool (i.e., a score of 0). A grade of either A or B was defined, a priori, as successful colon cleansing.

Sample size estimation:

Assuming 80% power and significance level at 0.05, totally at least 112 cases will be required for each group (assuming 90% cases in 2000 ml achieving good or excellent preparation and 76% of 1500mL plus low-residue diet achieving the same cleansing effect).