Primary hemochromatosis is the most frequent hereditary condition in Scandinavia. The condition may result in serious organ damage which can be prevented by therapy, but only few patients develop such organ damage. The optimal treatment, therefore, is still a matter of discussion Prevention of organ damage has traditionally been accomplished by drawing of full blood (phlebotomy), which has to be frequently repeated during the initial phase and then continued indefinitely as a maintenance treatment. The removed amount of iron may be increased two- or threefold for each procedure by using modern equipment for selective removal of red blood cells (red cell apheresis). Possible drawbacks of this technique may be higher costs, prolonged time for each therapeutic procedure, and certain requirements to the patients. The possible advantages are the reduced number of therapeutic procedures and less strain for the patient. No larger, randomized study has been published in order to determine which method should be preferred.

This study is a controlled trial in which participating patients are asked to be randomized to red cell apheresis or traditional phlebotomy. Each group will be followed by means of well-defined assessments in order to explore possible advantages and disadvantages of each method in order to establish what type of treatment should be recommended.