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Sponsors and Collaborators: |
Emory University Genentech |
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Information provided by: | Emory University |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00472082 |
The toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors(CNI)is a major factor limiting the success of renal transplantation. This protocol aims to replace the calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, with efalizumab early after transplantation in patients with mild impairment of renal function in order to minimize the toxicities of CNI.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
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Kidney Transplantation Chronic Kidney Failure |
Drug: efalizumab |
Phase I Phase II |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Treatment, Open Label, Historical Control, Single Group Assignment, Efficacy Study |
Official Title: | An Open Label, Single-Center Pilot Study of Early Conversion From Tacrolimus to Efalizumab Maintenance Therapy in Primary Renal Transplant Recipients |
Estimated Enrollment: | 20 |
Study Start Date: | May 2007 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | May 2010 |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
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1: Experimental
The study drug Efalizumab will be given as part of a triple drug regimen including mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. A test dose of Efalizumab 0.7mg/kg will be given at the enrollment visit. Beginning with study visit 2, Efalizumab 1mg/kg will be administered subcutaneously by injection on a weekly basis for 1 year. Mycophenolate mofetil will be given at a dose of 2gm/day which is the same as the standard of care dose. If patient experiences drug toxicity with mycophenolate mofetil they may be reduced and resume a minimum of at least 1gram daily to continue in the study. Patients will be maintained at 10mg of prednisone daily, same as standard of care. |
Drug: efalizumab
Administration of a test dose of efalizumab 0.7mg/kg will be administered at enrollment. Weekly subcutaneous injections of efalizumab 1mg/kg will begin with study visit 2 and continue for 1 year for this pilot study.
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Over the last two decades there have been significant improvements in renal transplantation due in large part to the decreasing incidence of acute rejection (down to less than 20% for first renal transplants) with the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) such as cyclosporin and tacrolimus. Though proven very effective anti-rejection medications their use is associated with adverse side effects, including high blood pressure, post transplant diabetes, and high cholesterol, predisposing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. Chronic use of these drugs has also waged limitations to the long term survival of transplanted kidneys and kidney recipients with an increase in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). There is also an increased incidence of chronic renal failure in non renal transplant recipients receiving CNI based treatments.
The mechanism of action for these reagents is known to be imprecise and science has sought to replace the current therapies in place with less toxic drugs more specific in their signaling pathway targets. In recent years cell surface proteins, restricted to cells of the immune system have been identified as mediators of the rejection response. The activation of T cells has been seen to activate an immune response correlated clinically with rejection. Integrins, specifically leukocyte function associated antigen LFA-1, are cell surface molecules which play a role in T-cell activation.
LFA-1 is made up of two subunits, known as CD11 and CD18. Efalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the CD11 molecule. By binding to CD11 on T cells the system blocks the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1, an intercellular adhesion molecule also necessary for T cell activation, thereby diminishing an immune response. The blockade formed does not deplete the T cells.
There have been preliminary studies using efalizumab in combination with cyclosporine. A very low incidence of rejection was observed in all groups receiving efalizumab (7.8%). However 3 cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease were seen in 38 patients. There have been no cases of lymphomas or lymphoproliferative disease reported in clinical trials evaluating efalizumab for the treatment of psoriasis, suggesting that the combination of efalizumab and cyclosporine may have resulted in over immunosuppression.
As per standard of care, recipients of a kidney transplant at Emory are managed with a combination of the calcineurin inhibitor Prograf (tacrolimus), Cellcept (an antiproliferative agent) and Prednisone, a corticosteroid. For this study the investigators have chosen to substitute efalizumab in place of Prograf, after 3 months post transplant the period where the incidence of acute rejection is highest. Efalizumab, known by its trade name Raptiva, was approved by the FDA in October 2003 for the treatment of psoriasis. It is hypothesized that the conversion from Prograf to efalizumab will be associated with improved renal function and not associated with an increased risk of rejection. The investigators hope to address the challenges faced by recipients of transplanted kidneys in the long course of their transplanted organ's management with more favorable alternatives.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Contact: Amy Lewis, RN, BSN | 404-712-1644 | amy.lewis@emoryhealthcare.org |
United States, Georgia | |
Emory University | Recruiting |
Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322 | |
Contact: Amy Lewis, RN, BSN 404-712-1644 amy.lewis@emoryhealthcare.org | |
Contact: Beth Begley, RN,BSN 404-712-7168 beth.begley@emoryhealthcare.org |
Principal Investigator: | Kenneth A Newell, MD, PhD | Emory University |
Study ID Numbers: | ACD4056s |
Study First Received: | May 10, 2007 |
Last Updated: | November 20, 2007 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00472082 History of Changes |
Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Immunosuppression Renal Transplantation |
Renal Insufficiency Urologic Diseases Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Kidney Failure, Chronic |
Tacrolimus Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure |
Renal Insufficiency Urologic Diseases Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
Kidney Failure, Chronic Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure |