LOGISTICS OF EXPORTING TO EURASIA
Customs
Clearance Process in Moldova
June 2007
By Iulian Bogasieru, Bisnis Representative in Chisinau, Moldova
INTERNATIONAL
COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FOR USE OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES.
The purpose of
this report is to provide a general overview of the customs procedures, aspects
of foreign trade certification, governing laws and acts that businesses
involved in foreign trade with Moldovan partners have to consider. It does not represent a comprehensive guide
to Moldovan Customs or foreign trade transactions. Import and export of goods are subject to a variety of
requirements depending on the goods being transacted and type of customs regime. Certain approvals and requirements have to
be met before the actual transaction takes place. Where possible, the report sheds light on such situations. However, businesses are strongly advised to
check first with Moldovan Customs, customs brokers and other relevant Moldovan
authorities as to the exact procedure for a specific import/export
transaction. Furthermore, businesses
should be aware that the Moldovan Government has specific customs requirements
regarding foreign trade deals made with companies located in the breakaway
region of Transnistria. U.S. businesses
may address their questions to the BISNIS Representative in Moldova or the U.S.
Embassy in Chisinau for more details.
Trade statistics
Moldova, a 4-million strong Southeast European nation similar in size to the U.S. state of Maryland, has been experiencing its seventh consecutive year of economic growth after a downsize that hit the country after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The 2006 GDP reached USD 3.04 billion, slowing down its growth pace to 4% from 7.5% in 2005 as a result of a double shock generated by a Russian embargo on Moldovan wines and a double hike on gas prices. Projections for 2007 look positive, with a higher expected GDP growth rate of 5% forecast by the government and IFIs.
Moldova’s
foreign trade turnover has been steadily increasing since the economic pickup
started in 1999. Among the
peculiarities of Moldova’s foreign trade in recent years has been a growing
trade deficit. The country’s imports
have been growing a few times faster and have been more diversified than
exports, reflecting the lack of domestic natural resources and growing demand
for high quality consumer goods that local underdeveloped manufacturing industries
cannot satisfy. Outbound deliveries, on
the other hand, are dominated by traditional export categories - food and
beverages - going toward eastern markets, especially Russia. These trade vectors do not require extra
marketing effort from Moldovan companies, as the consumers in those markets are
already familiar with Moldovan products.
Apparel and footwear items are another major export in pay-for-service
arrangements that domestic companies have with West-European businesses.
In 2006, Moldova’s foreign trade turnover stood at almost
USD 3.745 million, up 10.7% from 2002.
2006 was the first year
in recent history where exports did not follow the growing trend of previous
years and dropped by 3.6%. Imports, on
the other hand, continued growing at a rate of 17.5%.
The U.S.
was among Moldova’s 15 largest trade partners in 2006. Imports from the U.S. represented USD 35.9
million, down 12% from 2005, accounting for 1.3% of the country’s total
imports. Moldova’s exports to the U.S.
plunged 56.7% in 2006 to USD 22.7 million.
Source: National Statistics Bureau www.statistica.md
In the first quarter of 2007, exports showed signs of recovery, rising 7.8% to USD 270.6 million, while imports grew an impressive 39% to USD 747.1 million over the same period. As a result, the country’s trade deficit through March rose 66.4% to USD 476.5 million. Russia lost its leading position to become Moldova’s second most important export market with a share of 15.6% (versus 31.7% in 1Q2006), falling behind Romania’s 17.3% (versus 11.9% in 1Q2006). The European Union (EU) provided the main export outlet in the first quarter with 54.2%. Exports to Romania and Bulgaria rose despite concerns that the two countries’ joining the EU economic area on January 1, 2007 would slow trade after their withdrawal from the free trade arrangements with Moldova. In contrast, the CIS had a share of 33.7% in January-March 2007 versus 50.4% a year earlier. With the Russian wine ban still in place, exports of alcoholic beverages plunged 81.4% in the first quarter. Moldova exported mainly textiles, vegetal products, and foods and drinks. Import growth was driven by metals, transport equipment, mineral resources, and chemicals. Russia and Ukraine remain by far the main source markets for Moldovan imports. Moldova projects a USD 1.94 billion trade deficit for 2007.
Wedged between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova has been actively promoting free trade with its immediate neighbors and main trade partners. The country was among the first CIS countries to join the World Trade Organization on July 21, 2001. Moldova signed free trade agreements with most of the CIS states. Moldova is part of a matrix of bilateral free trade agreements signed within the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe since 2001. The completed free trade agreements have migrated under the umbrella of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) signed in December 2006 and comprising, besides Moldova, the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. Moldova also enjoys the treatment of general system of preferences (GSP) from developed countries, which means duty-free exports for a range of products from Moldova to developed countries. An extended range of goods under the so-called GSP+ preferential treatment was granted to Moldova by the European Union in 2006. The country is currently negotiating autonomous trade preferences, which are a preferential trade regime provided unilaterally by the EU and is characterized by a high degree of liberalization.
According to the Moldovan Ministry of Economy and Trade, Moldova’s average customs tariff rate is 5.7%. At the same time, Moldova applies 0% customs tariff rates on about 50% of all tariff schedule products.
Major reforms are taking place in Moldovan Customs. It is estimated that 70% of Moldova’s Customs Code was done in compliance with the International Convention on Simplification and Harmonization of the Customs Procedures (the Kyoto Convention). However, Moldova has not yet ratified the convention itself.
Problems still remain in the relations between businesses and customs, attributable to flaws in the regulatory framework and different interpretation of laws. As with many transition countries, corruption and smuggling have also been a problem. While customs laws have generally been regarded as being in line with EU standards, problems remain in the implementation of rules and transparency of the decision-making process. Another challenge for the authorities has been securing 470 km on the eastern border of Ukraine, which is under the control of the breakaway region of Transnistria, including 25 official crossing points (5 international, 8 inter-state and 12 local). Moldovan Customs informs carrier companies about authorized border crossing points on the Transnistrian section of the Moldovan-Ukrainian border. A European Union Border Assistance Mission (EUBAM) was established in November 2005 to enhance Moldovan and Ukrainian capacities for border and customs control and border surveillance. The current mandate of the EUBAM Mission is valid until November 2007.
In 2006, Moldova established the institution of customs broker and customs specialist, replacing the previous institution of customs declarant. The establishment of new institutions has brought a higher responsibility assumed by the interface between businesses involved in foreign trade and customs during the customs processing procedures.
Along with other countries participating in the Southeastern European Cooperation Initiative (SECI), Moldova joined the Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeastern Europe Project (TTFSE). The project aimed to strengthen and modernize the customs administration and other border control agencies in all member countries. The project aims were to reduce non-tariff costs to trade and transport and to prevent smuggling and corruption at border crossings. An important aspect of this customs modernization project was the implementation of the ASYCUDA World software for automated declaration of goods at customs. ASYCUDA World, developed by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), became the core of the Moldovan Integrated Customs Information System. The system cut the time necessary for filling out the customs declaration and connected all customs bureaus into one system, allowing authorized customs brokers and specialists to have online access to the system.
Customs still needs to implement the simplified procedure of customs declaration and extend the one-window approach during customs processing.
II. CUSTOMS
CLEARANCE
Commercial goods or goods used in production amounting to over 500 Euros can be introduced into the customs territory only by officially registered businesses. Goods with commercial or production use amounting to over 100,000 Euros can be taken out of Moldovan customs territory only by officially-registered businesses. There are limits on the number and type of goods for personal use that can be introduced into the country duty free. Individuals bringing into the country goods that are not for personal, commercial or production use and amount to over 200 Euros have to pay import duties. Also, an individual may only bring into or take out of the country five pieces of jewelry duty-free on the condition that these are not homogenous.
Customs Clearance Procedure
When goods and vehicles are introduced on the Moldovan
customs territory, the border customs officials register the crossing and
instruct the carrier as to the location and time of delivery of goods and
vehicles to a designated customs office to undergo customs clearance
procedures. Once at destination, the
carrier must notify the designated customs office within 30 minutes about the
arrival of goods and vehicles.
Before the customs clearance procedure is complete, goods and vehicles must be placed in a temporary warehouse under customs supervision. Unless otherwise provided by law, the period of storage in a temporary customs warehouse may not exceed 20 days and will depend on the time necessary to perform all customs clearance procedures and on the type of goods and vehicle. Until the customs clearance is complete, the carrier is responsible for the goods and vehicle.
The person conveying goods and vehicles across the customs border or the authorized customs broker representing that person declares the goods and vehicles at a customs office. Moldovan law calls such a person or customs broker a “declarant.” The customs clearance takes place at designated customs offices in the region of activity of the consignee. At the request of the consignee, the customs clearance may take place in other places (e.g. at the company’s premises).
The declarant (either the consignee or the customs broker) has to do the following:
Once accepted by the customs office, the customs declaration takes legal power. (For more about the customs declaration procedure and accompanying documents, please see the Import Regime or Customs Documentation.)
Once the customs declaration has been accepted, the customs office has 10 days to verify the customs declaration and accompanying documents as well as perform the control of goods and vehicles. When clearing goods necessary for the alleviation of natural disasters, catastrophes or accidents; live animals; perishable products; radioactive substances; and mass media materials, customs will perform the duties within three days. If a presentation of goods and vehicles is solicited, the verification period starts from the moment such a presentation is made. In both situations, the period does not include the time necessary for other authorities to perform a control.
During the customs clearance procedure, the customs officials may:
Customs Regimes and Destinations
The new changes made to the Moldovan Customs Code in 2005 regrouped the previous regimes into customs regimes and destinations. The crossing of goods and means of transport over the customs border is done in accordance with the customs regime chosen. Any customs regime starts with the presentation of goods and means of transport to customs organs and ends with a customs clearance. The Moldovan legislation distinguishes between definitive and suspensive customs regimes. Unlike the definitive regimes, suspensive regimes, as the name suggests, temporarily suspend (either partially or completely) the customs and/or tax payments due on foreign trade operations. The Customs Code defines some suspensive regimes as carrying an economic impact. A business can place goods in a suspensive regime with an economic impact only upon receipt of payable authorization from Moldovan Customs. A suspensive customs regime requires the setup of a guarantee (bond) to ensure the settlement of any obligation arising later. The terms for the setup of a guarantee may vary per customs regime chosen.
Customs regimes:
definitive regimes |
suspensive regimes |
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|
|
|
with economic impact |
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import |
export |
transit |
customs entrepot |
active processing |
transformation under customs control |
temporary admission |
passive processing |
The Customs Code defines customs destination as the placement of goods in a customs regime, free zone, duty-free store, re-export, destruction or renunciation in favor of the state.
Regardless of the quantity, origin, type, mode of transport and destination of goods, businesses may choose or switch to whichever regime they need.
The main regulatory documents on customs regimes are the Law on Customs Code and the Government Decision on Regulations for Customs Destinations.
Imported goods are cleared for free circulation on the customs territory only after the importer meets all payment requirements and measures of economic policy. Meeting payment requirements implies the payment of applicable taxes and duties, which include the following:
1) Import duty as per the Customs Tariff;
2) Value added tax (VAT), which, barring exceptions, is 20%;
3) Excises as per the Tax Code;
4) Customs processing fee;
5) Authorization (license) fees.
Companies will also have to settle any other payments such as customs bidding fees or other duties as required by law.
Measures of economic policy imply the observance of restrictions on the introduction or exportation of goods and vehicles out of Moldova established for the purpose of economic policy, which provide for licensing, quotas, taxation, and price ceilings and thresholds.
Imports from certain countries enjoy preferential tariff treatment. Such treatment would be applicable only upon the submission of a certificate of origin for the imported goods. In the event such preferential treatment is tied to a quota, the importer will also have to submit an import certificate from the relevant authority.
In the event the consignment is made up of goods with different tariff codes and the completion of the customs declaration entails efforts and expenses disproportionate to the amount of duties and taxes due, the customs body, at the request of the business, may dispose of charging the highest of the tariffs applicable on the goods in the consignment.
The customs clearance, as a rule, takes place at the regional customs office in the range where the importer is located.
For details on the type of documents submitted to customs please see Customs Documentation.
Once the stamp “Liber de vama” (Free from customs) is applied, the imported goods may be put into free circulation.
Export implies that goods are permanently taken out of Moldova’s customs territory. Goods may be placed in this regime if all applicable taxes and fees have been settled, measures of economic policy are respected and other requirements set out by the law are respected.
The exporter has to submit the customs declaration to the customs bureau nearest its legal address or nearest to the place that the goods are loaded. In reasonably justified cases, the customs declaration can be submitted to a customs bureau at the border. The export of certain goods can be done only through internal or border customs bureaus.
Goods can be exported temporarily, but their reintroduction should be effected within 3 years.
In a transit regime, goods are transported under customs supervision from one customs point to another, without payment of any duties and/or taxes, unless otherwise provided by law. Goods or vehicles in transit are placed under customs seal. Goods can be transited only upon receipt of authorization from the Customs Service. The transit period cannot be greater than 8 days. Prohibited goods cannot be placed under the transit regime. Goods with restricted entry into Moldova cannot be transited unless the necessary requirements are respected. Goods may not be used for purposes other than transit. The customs point will set the time in which transited goods will have to reach the point of destination depending on the means of transport, distance, weather conditions, etc. Once at the destination point transited goods have to be intact (except for natural wear and tear), as do the identification signs applied by customs.
The following transit systems applicable in Moldova are:
The carrier company will choose the transit system used for the goods.
Under the customs entrepot regime, goods are placed in a warehouse under customs supervision without payment of duties and taxes. Payable are only customs processing fees. Any goods, except those prohibited for import or export, may be placed under a customs entrepot regime. Upon expiry of the warehousing period, the goods have to be placed under a different customs destination or stored in a different entrepot. Goods under a entrepot regime may undergo some form of treatment to protect against decay or wear or some preparatory operations before the sale or transportation. Such treatment must not change their technical, qualitative or quantitative specifications. The party submitting the customs entrepot declaration must guarantee any customs obligations in full against events when the customs entrepot regime is not respected. The customs entrepot owner may guarantee the obligation instead of the consigner, except for situations when the Customs Service is the owner of the entrepot. The law also sets out the types of customs entrepots and the requirements such entrepots have to meet.
Types of customs entrepots:
Public Entrepot intended for storage of any merchandise and accessible to
any person |
Type A |
· Goods stored under the responsibility of entrepot owner |
Type B |
· Goods stored under the responsibility of the consigner |
|
Type D |
· Entrepot owned by the Customs Service · Goods stored under the responsibility of the consigner |
|
Private Entrepot intended for storage merchandise belonging to entrepot owner |
Type C |
· Same entrepot owner and merchandise consigner |
A full list of companies authorized to run customs entrepots are available from the Customs Service at: http://www.customs.md/acte/index.php?nivel=2&poz=6&lang=ro.
The active processing regime implies that the following goods undergo some form of processing:
1) Foreign goods are taken out of the customs territory as compensatory goods; no customs duties are payable or measures of economic policy applicable – the so-called “suspensive regime”;
2) Goods imported and cleared for free circulation on condition of being taken out of the customs territory as compensatory goods; customs duties are paid and refunded at the moment of export – the so-called “drawback regime.”
A company can enjoy this regime on condition of sufficient proof that the resulting main compensatory products will be re-exported. The period of active processing is set by customs taking into consideration the period necessary for the manufacture of the final products.
The regime allows foreign goods to undergo operations that transform their state or character under customs supervision on Moldova’s customs territory without the application of customs duties or measures of economic policy. Resulting products are put in free circulation upon payment of any applicable customs duties.
Goods can be placed under transformation under customs supervision on condition they meet the following requirements:
- goods actually undergo the transformation
- goods cannot be reconverted into their original form after transformation,
g) Temporary Admission
This regime is designated for temporary use of goods on Moldova’s customs territory, with the partial or full exemption from paying duties or taxes and without the application of measures of economic policy. Temporarily admitted goods have to be re-exported in their initial state, except for natural wear and tear. During the temporary admission period, such goods shall remain in foreign citizen’s ownership at all times. Such goods may not be sold, rented, sub-rented, pledged, transferred or put at the disposal of another person in Moldova without Customs Service’s approval and payment of customs duties.
The following goods can be placed under temporary admission with the total suspension of customs duties:
- professional materials, including printing, radio broadcasting and TV equipment, specialized vehicles for up to 12 months;
- materials for trade shows, fairs, conventions or the like, including free product samples;
- goods imported for educational, scientific or cultural purposes for a period of up to 12 months;
- medical, surgical or laboratory equipment sent free of charge to hospitals and other sanitary institutions for diagnostic or other therapeutic purposes to supplant any insufficiency;
- materials to be used in catastrophe alleviation works;
- containers, inner or outer packaging and certain pallets usually for up to 6 months except for cases when such goods are the object of a purchase, rental, borrowing or other similar commercial transaction conducted by a Moldovan resident;
- road vehicles, railway transport means, air ships and sea ships.
For a detailed list of goods and applicable requirements, businesses should consult the Customs Service and governmental regulations on customs regimes and destinations. Some goods can be placed under temporary admission with partial suspension of customs duties, i.e. a guarantee shall be made to ensure the coverage of any potential customs obligation arising later.
Moldova signed the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles (18 May 1956, Geneva). The ATA carnet will have limited use in the country, as Moldova is not a signatory of the 1990 Istanbul Convention on Temporary Admission.
In passive processing, domestic goods are processed or transformed outside Moldova without the application of measures of economic policy, while the resulting products are imported with the full or partial exemption from customs duties and taxes with the application of measures of economic policy.
i) Free Zone
In such a zone, foreign goods are placed without the payment of duties and taxes and without the application of measures of economic policy. Domestic goods placed in such a zone are treated as exports. Goods placed in the free zone may undergo operations of production, sale (except for retail sale) and others as stipulated by the law. If goods are exported from the free zone into the other side of the Moldovan customs territory, all duties, taxes and measures of economic policy are applicable. If goods are exported from the free zone outside of Moldova, no duties, taxes or measures of economic policy are applicable.
The Law on Free Economic Zones regulates the activities in a free enterprise zone. The law provides a series of tax breaks to FEZ residents. For a detailed description of Moldovan free zones please see http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0703MD_FEZ.htm.
In a duty-free store, goods are sold under customs supervision in special retail stores located in international airports and aboard airplanes. Only people who are leaving the country and who went through the customs clearance procedure may buy goods in a duty-free store for foreign currency (usually US dollars or Euros) or Moldovan lei. Any goods may be placed under the duty-free regime, except for those prohibited for import or sale in Moldova and goods that do not meet the duty-free store regime requirements. Goods with restricted sale in Moldova may be sold under the duty-free store regime provided other legal requirements are respected. Any legal entity may set up a duty-free store after the receipt of authorizations from the Ministry of Economy and Trade and the National Bank, Moldova’s central bank. Such authorizations are issued for a period of five years. Also, in accordance with the Moldovan legislation, any legal entity may also set up diplomatic duty-free stores.
Under re-export, imported goods are taken out of Moldova’s customs territory without the application of customs duties or measures of economic policy. Re-export of goods involves similar formalities applicable in the case of export.
Destruction implies that foreign goods are destroyed under customs supervision, without application of duties and measures of economic policy. The destruction is done at the expense of the interested party. Any resulting waste or debris will be placed under a new customs destination.
A person may surrender goods in favor of the state without the application of measures of economic policy or the customs duties. The interested party will cover any expenses involved in the renunciation procedure.
Customs Documentation
a) Customs Cargo
Declaration
Goods and vehicles
crossing the customs border or changing the customs regime have to be
declared. The declaration may be done
in written form or verbally. Even
though the law provides for electronic declaration, such option is not yet
available for businesses. Both goods
and vehicles are declared at the regional customs office. Unloaded vehicles, passenger vehicles and
excisable goods that are declared at the customs border crossing are exempt
from the rule.
The customs declaration
must be submitted within 72 hours of crossing Moldova’s customs border. The period is extended to 168 hours for
railway transportation at stations where train echelons are formed. Imported
natural gas and electricity must be declared by the 20th of the
following month.
The customs declaration
can only be modified, updated or withdrawn before its verification and the
control of goods and vehicles is conducted by customs.
The Customs Code provides
for a simplified procedure of customs declaration under certain
circumstances. It allows for temporary
or incomplete declaration when the person has objective reasons and allows for
periodical customs declaration at certain times for all shipments when a person
regularly ships the same goods on the same vehicle.
For the purpose of
statistics, exported goods are declared at the value of FOB port of entry or
DAF port of entry as per Incoterms; imported goods are declared at the value of
CPT port of entry or CIP port of entry as per Incoterms.
When submitted, the
customs declaration has to be accompanied by other documents as required by
law. The number and type of documents
that businesses have to submit during the customs clearance will vary depending
on the customs regime chosen and goods being cleared. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that businesses check with
the Moldovan customs or a customs broker in making specific decisions regarding
the number and types of customs documents.
A general list of documents that businesses will have to submit can be
found in the table below.
Documents to be
submitted to the customs office by businesses: |
Sewn and sealed in the
company’s file at the customs office at each declaration of goods |
1)
customs cargo
declaration; |
Original copy #3 |
2)
contracts on delivery
goods; |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
3)
letter of consignment,
which may be the following: ·
carriage of goods by
air: air waybill as per the Warsaw Convention of 10/12/1929 ·
carriage of goods by
road: 1) CMR consignment note as per the Geneva International Convention on
the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road of 05/19/1956,
and 2) TIR Carnet as per the Geneva Customs Convention on International
Transport of Goods under Cover of TIR Carnets of 11/14/1975; ·
carriage of goods by
railway: consignment note as per the International Agreement on International
Carriage of Goods by Railway of 11/01/1951; ·
carriage of goods by
naval transport: bill of lading as
per the Hamburg UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea of 1978. |
Copy authenticated by
the business (except for the TIR carnet) |
4)
commercial papers
(official documents containing data on cost of goods being carried and their
specifications, such as pro-forma invoice as well as other foreign trade
documentation); |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
5) licenses; |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
6) authorizations; |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
7)
certificates of
conformity; |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
8) certificates of origin; |
Original |
9) repatriation declaration; |
Original |
10) evaluation/assay documentation; |
Original |
11)
constitution
documentation, including: ·
business registration
certificate, ·
company charter or
decision of foundation, ·
incorporation
articles, ·
statistical code
certificate, ·
fiscal code
certificate, ·
VAT payer registration
certificate, ·
all documents
verifying the appointment of the company’s manager and chief accountant. |
Copy authenticated by
the business submitted only for the first transaction |
12) certificates confirming bank accounts; |
Original submitted only
for the first transaction |
13) companies’ documents confirming the sample seals; |
Original submitted only
for the first transaction |
14) companies’ documents with sample signatures of people who may represent the company without power of attorney; |
Original submitted only
for the first transaction |
15) demarches from the companies; |
N/a |
16)
documentation
translated by authorized legal entities; |
Original |
17)
power of attorney
issued to the company’s representative declaring the goods; |
Original |
18)
identification
documents of the company’s representative declaring goods; |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
19)
car registration and
driver’s license |
Copy authenticated by
the business |
20)
acts translated by
authorized entities; |
Original |
21)
other documents as
needed for customs clearance. |
Original |
In the event the same
document needs to be submitted along with other customs declarations, it will
be attached to the first declaration only. The transit will not require the
submission of all aforementioned documents except for specific items such as
waste or weapons. However, the transit
will require the following documents: letters of consignment, commercial
papers, ID, car registration and driver’s license.
The regional customs
office opens a company file to keep track of the company’s foreign transactions
by inserting documents in the file as per the table above.
As a rule, an importer is
expected to submit the certificate of conformity, hygiene certificate, veterinary
certificate and phitosanitary certificate to customs. Such certificates have to be issued or confirmed by the relevant
Moldovan authorities.
An importer may also be
expected to submit other certificates and authorizations.
Below is a description of the
main certificates businesses may have to submit.
b) Certificate of
Origin
A certificate of origin
must be submitted in the following situations:
1)
the country where the
import originates enjoys preferential treatment under the Customs Tariff;
2)
the import from the
respective country is restricted or subject to other requirements of the
foreign trade policy;
3)
the legislation
concerning environmental protection, health, consumer protection and state
security as well as international agreements to which Moldova is a party sets
out such provisions;
4)
the commercial papers
submitted to customs do not contain information about the origin of products or
the customs has reason to believe that the declared origin of goods is false.
As a WTO member, Moldova
applies WTO-compliant rules for determination of the country of origin.
The country of origin is
regarded to be the country where the good was fully manufactured or underwent
sufficient processing as per criteria set out in Moldovan legislation or
international agreements to which Moldova is a party.
The Moldovan law
distinguishes between preferential and non-preferential rules of origin. Preferential rules of origin include legal
and regulatory requirements of general application used to determine whether
goods enjoy preferential treatment in the foreign trade with a country. Non-preferential rules of origin include the
same general requirements, but have no bearing on determining the preferential
treatment of goods. Such rules will be
used for the application of: the most favored nation treatment; antidumping and
countervailing duties; safeguarding measures; and rules of marking the origin
or any discriminatory tariff contingencies.
Moldova currently applies
preferential tariff treatment on goods imported from most of the CIS and member
countries of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Businesses
importing goods from these countries will have to submit a certificate of
origin to the customs in order to enjoy the preferential tariff treatment. The models of the certificates of origin for
preferential treatment are established in the free trade agreements Moldova is
party to (ST1 for CIS, Eur1 for CEFTA and type A for EU).
Starting in 2006, the
Moldovan Chamber of Commerce and Industry began phasing out its powers of
issuance of certificates of origin for the Moldovan exporting companies and
transferring this right to the Customs Service. The Customs Service issues type A certificates of origin for
exports bound for the EU and type Eur1 certificates for shipments bound for
CEFTA.
Moldovan Chamber of
Commerce and Industry
Blvd. Stefan cel Mare 151
Chisinau MD 2004, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 22 15 52
Fax (373 22) 23 44 25
e-mail: president@chamber.md
Chairman: Gheorghe Cucu
c) Certificate of
Conformity
As per the Law on Product Conformity Assessment, products that may pose a danger to life, health, security, consumers’ property and environment must receive certificates of conformity. The Government of Moldova approves a special list of products that require mandatory certification of conformity. If imported, such goods have to be accompanied by a certificate of conformity. Even though the law prescribes the application of declarations of conformity instead of certificates of conformity, a viable mechanism for the implementation of these provisions has not yet been developed. Also, the law presupposes that imported goods subject to mandatory certification have to be marked with the national conformity mark SM. This prescription is not yet fully applicable.
The list of goods that require mandatory certification is extensive, including but not limited to food products, textiles, furniture, construction materials, chemicals, fuels, electric equipment, electric home appliances, and plastics. The Moldovan Government approves the detailed list of goods. Interested parties may find the most recent list approved in 2004 and published by the Official Monitor of Moldova on Janury 7, 2005.
Products certified in the country of origin, with which Moldova has signed agreements on mutual recognition of results of product conformity evaluation, undergo a simplified procedure of validation of the certificates of conformity. Moldova has signed such agreements with most of the CIS countries.
Moldova has a National System of Assurance of Product Conformity, which has its rules and procedures for performing the national conformity assessment. The system is made up of the Standardization and Metrology Service, the central regulatory body; the central public authorities that have a regulatory and advisory function; and the accredited evaluation bodies – usually research institutes and laboratories – that perform the actual evaluation of product conformity. Over 30 research institutes and laboratories were accredited as part of Moldova’s National System of Assurance of Product Conformity.
Below is a list of bodies of the National System of Assurance of Product Conformity relevant to product conformity certification.
Standardization and Metrology Service
Strada Eugen Coca
28
Chisinau MD 2039,
Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 218
412
Fax (373 22) 75
05 81
Director General:
Sergiu Baban
National Institute of Standardization and Metrology
Strada Eugen Coca
28
Chisinau MD 2039,
Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 74
85 42
Fax (373 22) 24 54 14
National Agency for Industrial Safety and Certification
Strada Serghei Lazo 48
Chisinau MD 2004, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 20 81 50 /20 81 51
Fax (373 22) 20 81 66
Director General Nicolae Suprovici
Institute of Scientific Research in Construction INCERCOM
Strada Independentei 6/1
Chisinau MD 2043, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 77 68 36
Fax. (373 22) 77 69 30
e-mail: incercom@mail.md
Director General: Anatol Chisner
Moldovan law requires submission of a hygiene certificate before the following products can be admitted into the territory of Moldova: food products (including raw food materials, semi-finished products and final products), food additives, materials used for water transportation and drinking water supply, goods that come into human contact, materials used in construction, goods and items of household chemistry, cosmetics and perfumery. The full list of products that require a hygiene certificate is included in decision #5 of 02/20/2006 of the Ministry of Health. Some goods that are imported for the first time into the country need to be registered before their actual importation.
The hygienic evaluation of imported goods is done through the following methods:
In all cases, the certificate is issued for a year or covers the shelf life of the product.
In order to get the certificate, an importer will have to submit the following:
The period of investigation shall not exceed 10 business days from the time the application is submitted. The certificate is issued free of charge.
For situations where an exporting country signed an agreement with Moldova on mutual recognition of hygiene certificates, importers should submit originals or authenticated copies of hygiene certificates, results of laboratory investigations and product assays. The recognition is done within 10 days.
The State Sanitary-Epidemiological Service performs the hygienic evaluation and issues the hygiene certificate. The State Sanitary-Epidemiological Service is part of the Ministry of Health and consists of the National Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, district and municipal centers of hygiene and epidemiology and other institutions of preventive medicine.
Ministry of Health
Strada Vasile Alecsandri 2
Chisinau MD 2009, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 72 99 07
Fax (373 22) 73 87 81
www.ms.gov.md
Minister Ion Ababii
State Sanitary Doctor in Chief and Deputy Health Minister Ion Bahnarel
Preventive Medicine Direction
Ministry of Health
Strada Vasile Alecsandri 2
Chisinau MD 2009, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 72 99 83
Deputy State Sanitary Doctor in Chief: Iurie Panzaru
National Scientific and Practical Center of Preventive Medicine
Strada
Gheorghe Asachi 67 A
Chisinau MD 2028, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 72 96 33/72 96 47/ 73 58 22/ 57 45 01
Fax (373
22) 72 97 25
E-mail: management@sanepid.md
State Sanitary Doctor in Chief: Ion Bahnarel
The passage through the state border of shipments of live animals, animal products and subproducts, raw animal materials and fodder from other states is admitted only upon submission of documents certifying the correspondence of these shipments with the Moldovan sanitary-veterinary requirements and the authorization of the Veterinary Medicine Direction with the Veterinary Inspection of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
As per Moldovan law, the import of such products is made only through preliminary veterinary evaluation and through the issuance of veterinary import permits. Importers will have to meet a range of sanitary-veterinary requirements to engage in export/import activities and obtain a sanitary-veterinary authorization for export-import operations. The number and types of documents to be submitted to the Veterinary Medicine Direction to obtain such a veterinary import will vary by product and destination of shipment. Moldova has highly restrictive import regulations for meats and dairy products. Importers in particular are required to address the Veterinary Medicine Direction before actually signing contracts with suppliers or buyers. Companies will need to check with the Direction for a specific list of documents for each transaction.
Below are a list of the documents that must be submitted in the event of imports of animal products and subproducts:
Along with the copies, companies have to submit originals to the Veterinary Medicine Direction to verify authenticity of such copies.
At the time of veterinary import permit issuance, the Veterinary Medicine Direction checks the epizootic situation in the exporting country and the country of provenance of the products. The Direction issues the veterinary import permit per each shipping lot. The permit is valid for 10 days and cannot be extended. The original permit has to be presented to the veterinary office at the border crossing point.
The State Veterinary Service, in which the Veterinary Medicine Direction plays a central role, is responsible for exercising control over and verifying the quality of imported and locally produced veterinary products. The contact information of relevant bodies is provided below.
Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Blvd. Stefan cel Mare 162
Chisinau MD 2012, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 23 34 27
Fax (373 22) 23 77 31
Minister: Anatolie Gorodenco
Veterinary Medicine
Direction with the State Principal Veterinary Inspection
Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Blvd. Stefan cel Mare 162
Chisinau MD 2012, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 21 01 59/21
01 56
Fax (373 22) 21 01 57/21
05 13
Acting Chief Veterinary
Inspector: Grigore Porcescu
f) Phitosanitary
Certificate
The introduction of
certain products into Moldova from a foreign country is allowed only upon
submission of import permits from the State Phitosanitary Quarantine Service
and phitosanitary certificates from the exporting country. If such a certificate is not issued in the
country of origin, the import will be allowed only if authorized by the State
Phitosanitary Quarantine Service.
The following products are
subject to phitosanitary quarantine and phitosanitary certification:
·
seeds and planting
material of agricultural, forest and decorative cultures, plants and parts
thereof (scions, bulbs, root tubers and fruits) as well as any other vegetal
products carrier of quarantine objects;
·
cultures of live
mushrooms, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, acarines and insects;
·
collections of insects
or pathogenic agents of plant diseases and samples thereof or seeds as well as
herbariums;
·
agricultural machinery
and earth tilling tools;
·
transport means;
·
all types of packaging,
packaging materials, industrial goods and articles made from vegetal materials
which can be carriers of plant diseases or weeds;
·
monoliths and soil
samples.
All products and vehicles
entering Moldova will be subject to quarantine control at border crossing
points and, if needed, undergo laboratory expertise or decontamination. Importers must address the State Phitosanitary
Quarantine Service at least 10 days before the shipment of products subject to
phitosanitary certification in order to be issued all necessary certificates
and authorizations.
The State Phitosanitary
Quarantine Service ensures the protection of plants, resulting vegetal products
and raw materials from plant diseases or weeds that are unattested or the
spread of which is restricted. The main
bodies of the State Phitosanitary Quarantive Service are the State Principal
Inspectorate for Phitosanitary Quarantine; the Central Scientific-Diagnostic
Laboratory of Quarantine, Identification and Arbitrage Expertise; regional
phitosanitary quarantine inspections; and the border points of phitosanitary
quarantine.
State Principal Inspectorate for Phitosanitary Quarantine
Strada Ialoveni 100 B
Chisinau MD 2070, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 28 44 17
Fax (373 22) 28 46 66
Chief Inspector Nicolae Soia
Except for certain
critical products, there is no import/export licensing per se in Moldova. The law on licensing certain activities
reduced the number of business activities subject to licensing from over 100 to
just 50. The government also set up the
Licensing Chamber to facilitate the issuance of business licenses. Nevertheless, businesses may need to get
other special authorizations or certificates when dealing with some
products. This includes pharmaceutical
and medical products and equipment, chemical and biological material for
stimulation of plant growth, gasoline and diesel, tobacco items, weapons and
ammunition, meat products, walnut, and scrap and waste of ferrous and
non-ferrous metals.
Customs Payments
The detailed Moldovan Customs Tariff Schedule, available
in Romanian and Russian can be found on the “Customs Corner” of the BISNIS website
at: http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/customs.cfm
All customs payments due have to be made before the actual submission of the customs declaration in the national currency, the leu. Any currency conversion is done at the exchange rate set by Moldova’s National Bank at the time of payment obligation. The payment is made in cash or bank transfer (including payment cards) to the Central Treasury of the Ministry of Finance. At customs clearance, only settlements of any arising differences will be accepted. The Customs Service may extend or reschedule the payments. In the event that this happens, an interest is accrued and penalties may be calculated for violation of deadlines. As guarantee of payment, the Customs Service may ask the person to provide a bond (guarantee), such as goods or vehicles, guarantee from a bank or other financial institution and deposit account with the Customs.
Individuals not engaged in commercial activity will pay all duties and taxes at the time of the customs border crossing. Individuals in transit through Moldova carrying a volume of goods above the norm will have to make a deposit equivalent to the total duties and taxes payable on the surplus.
Businesses have to settle the following customs payments:
5. authorization (license) fees.
Unless otherwise provided by the free trade agreements, customs duties are levied on any goods crossing the Moldovan customs border. According to the Moldovan Law on Customs Tariff, the basis for calculation of the import duty is the natural volume or customs value of the goods.
The Moldovan law provides for six methods of calculation of the customs value of imported goods (listed by priority):
At determining the customs value, the customs uses the first method and applies the subsequent methods in the event the precedent method is not applicable. The types of costs included in the customs value for each method is set out in the Law on Customs Tariff.
As per Moldovan Law on Customs Tariff, the following customs duty may be applied on goods:
The ad valorem customs duty has the widest application. The Customs Tariff applies rates of 0%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6.5%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 12.5%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The 25% rate is applied only in one instance, on HS2005 40 (peas), while the 30% rate is only levied on HS1701 (cane or beet sugar and sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form).
Specific customs duties are levied on the following goods:
Combination of the two are levied on the following:
The law also provides for so-called exceptional customs duties, which include:
On August 1, 2003, the Moldovan Parliament set a special duty of 40%, but no less than 100 Euros per ton on imported sugar (HS1701) as a safeguard measure for six months. In early 2004, the Parliament extended the period of application of the special duty to February 15, 2008. The duty is levied on all sugar imports irrespective of the country of origin, in addition to the regular import duty of 30%. In 2004, the special sugar duty was set at 55%, but no less than 115 Euros per ton. The duty will be phased out in 2008 to reach 40%, but no less than 100 euros per ton.
The law also sets exemptions from the customs duty on the following:
The basis for calculation of the excise tax is the natural volume, value of goods without VAT and excises or customs value of goods. Excise taxes apply on domestic and imported goods as per the Moldovan Tax Code. The excise tax is set as 1) absolute value per unit of product or 2) ad valorem rate (calculated from the customs value plus any other taxes and fees payable, except for VAT). The excise tax is payable at the moment of settlement of all customs payments, which is usually before the customs declaration is submitted.
Excisable goods and their rates include, listing just a few:
Excisable goods such as alcoholic beverages, wines, brandies and tobacco items have to be marked with Moldovan excise stamps before the actual importation of goods. The State Tax Service regulates the purchase and use of excise stamps. Certain excisable products are exempt from obligatory marking with excise stamps, e.g. wines and brandy in souvenir bottles, goods placed under the customs regime of transit, customs warehouse, temporary admission and duty free shop as well as goods produced for export.
The excise tax is not imposed on the following:
Excisable goods may be
declared only at the following customs border points: Leuseni, in the West, at
the border with Romania, which clears excisable goods coming from Romanian
ports (mainly Constanta and Galati); Ungheni, which clears excisable goods
carried by railway; Ocnita, in the North, at the border with Ukraine, which
clears excisable goods from central Europe and ports of Northern and Western
Europe; and Palanca, in the South, at the border with Ukraine, which clears
excisable goods coming from the Ukrainian ports (mainly Odessa and
Ilyechevsk). Another customs point
where excisable goods carried by air must be declared is the Chisinau International
Airport. Other points through which
excisable goods can cross the Moldovan border are Sculeni and Cahul.
Aside from the general application of the value added tax (VAT) on locally produced goods as per the Tax Code, individuals and legal entities that import goods and services also pay the VAT. The tax is paid either before or at the moment when goods are declared at the customs office. Individuals who import goods of personal use, the value of which is greater than the established minimum requirement, pay the VAT at the moment of customs control and only on the difference between the minimum requirement and the actual value. The taxable value of imported goods includes the customs value plus all payable taxes, except VAT.
The standard value added tax rate is 20%. Reduced rates are applied on the following goods:
Some goods are charged a 0% tax rate. These goods are:
The Tax Code contains an extensive list of exemptions. To name a few:
A taxable person who paid VAT on deliveries of goods or services charged at 0% tax rate may claim a refund. The actual refund is effected within 45 days as per governmental rules.
The customs processing fee is levied during the customs clearance of goods and vehicles. The customs applies the following fees:
· Valued between 100 and 1,000 euros – 4 euros;
· Valued above 1,000 euros – 0.4% of the customs value, but not more than 1,800 euros;
· each customs declaration – 30 euros;
· each additional leaf to the customs declaration – 15 euros;
· 100 euros to 1,000 euros – 4 euros;
· over 1,000 euros – 0.1% of the customs value, but not more than 100 euros;
· first 30 calendar days – 0.01 euros;
· subsequent 30 calendar days – 0.02;
· subsequent calendar days – 0.05;
· active processing, except as mentioned in point 15 – 10 euros;
· passive processing – 40 euros;
· transformation under customs control – 100 euros;
Exempted from the customs processing fee are:
Prohibited or Restricted Imports
There is no single list of prohibited or restricted imports. Any limitations and restrictions are regulated by separate laws or governmental decisions. Importers have to check first with Moldovan customs on any existing limitations or restrictions.
The Customs Code notes that Moldovan legislation can prohibit certain goods or transport means from being introduced or extracted from Moldovan territory for reasons of state security, assurance of public and moral order, environmental protection, protection of art objects, protection of objects of historical or archeological value, protection of intellectual property rights, protection of domestic market and protection of other public interests. The only express prohibition provided for by the Customs Code is the introduction and/or placement under import, customs entrepot, temporary admission and free economic zone of transport means, motors and car bodies older than 10 years; tractors grouped under HS8701 older than 12 years; transport means grouped under HS8703 and vehicles for a maximum of 20 passengers under HS8702, as well as their engines and car bodies older than 7 years. However, there are exceptions in the case of temporary admissions by foreign residents, diplomatic missions or international organizations.
Membership in Free Trade Agreements
Moldova has signed free trade agreements with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
In 2006, Moldova joined the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) after completing free trade agreements within the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe. CEFTA members currently include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro.
Moldova also signed agreements on mutual promotion and protection of investments with 36 countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, the U.K., Ukraine, the U.S. and Uzbekistan.
Applicable Legislation
The following main legislation governs the customs clearance process: the Customs Code, the Law on Customs Tariff, the Law on application of the customs tariff, the Law on Tax Code and other laws and bylaws dealing with customs issues and certification.
POINT OF CONTACT
Natalia Calenic, Head of Customs Broker Unit
Moldovan Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Str. Maria Cebotari 8, Chisinau MD2004, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 21 27 18
Fax (373 22) 23 81 41
Summary Table of Customs Destinations and Applicable Customs Payments
Customs
Destination |
Customs
payments |
|
||||
Customs
Tariff Duty |
VAT |
Excise
Tax |
Customs
Fees |
|
||
Processing |
Authorization |
|
||||
Import |
applicable |
applicable |
Applicable |
Goods with a customs value
of - €100 to €1,000 – €4 |
not applicable |
|
- greater than €1,000 – 0.4%
but not more than €1,800 |
||||||
Export |
Not applicable |
0% rate |
not applicable |
0.1% but not more
than €500 |
not applicable |
|
refund allowed |
||||||
Re-export |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
0.1% but not more
than €500 |
not applicable |
|
VAT refunded |
excise refunded |
|||||
Transit |
Not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
|
Temporary Admission |
Full exemption |
not applicable |
Temporary Admission is not
applicable for excisable goods |
For periods up to 2 months for goods meant for exhibitions, fairs,
cultural and sport events - 0.05 % but not
greater than € 400 |
€ 40 |
|
Except for the goods meant for exhibitions, fairs, cultural and sport
events |
||||||
partial exemption - 5% monthly |
For periods greater than 2 months, for all goods
with customs value: - from €100 up to €1,000– € 4 - over € 1,000 – 0.4% but not more than €1,800 |
|||||
on reimport accordingly |
||||||
Temporary export |
Not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
For periods up to 2 months for
goods meant for exhibitions, fairs, cultural and sport events - 0.05 % but not
more than € 400 |
not applicable |
|
For periods greater than 2 months, for all goods
with customs value: - from € 100 up to € 1,000– € 4 - over € 1000 – 0. 4% but not more than € 1,800 |
||||||
on reimport accordingly |
||||||
Customs
Entrepot |
Not applicable |
not applicable |
Not applicable for
excisable goods |
0.1% but not more
than € 400 |
€ 400 |
|
Goods storage in customs
entrepot per kg each calendar day -
for the first 30 days – €0.01 -
for the next 30 days – €0.02 -
for the next days – €0.05 |
||||||
Active Processing |
not applicable in suspensive regime |
not applicable in
suspensive regime |
Excisable goods cannot be
placed under suspensive system |
Goods with customs value - from €100 to €1,000 – €4 |
€10 per contract |
|
- over €1,000 – 0.1% but not more than €100 |
For goods imported from
free zones €200 per customs declaration |
|||||
refunded on re-export in the drawback system |
refunded on re-export in the drawback system |
|||||
on reexport - 0.15 % of the cost of rendered services, but not more than €100 |
||||||
Processing under Customs Supervision |
not applicable |
Not applicable |
not applicable |
goods with customs value from €100 up to €1,000 – €4 over €1000 – 0.4% but not more than €1,800 |
€10 per
contract |
|
on reexport - 0.15 % of the rendered services cost but not more than100 € |
||||||
Passive Processing |
not applicable |
applicable on re-import of
compensatory goods |
applicable on re-import of
compensatory goods |
goods with customs value from €100 up to €1,000 – € 4 over €
1,000 – 0.4% but not more than €1,800 |
€10 per
contract |
|
in cases of export for
repairs – 0.1
% , but not more than €500 |
||||||
not applicable on re-import
of domestic goods |
not applicable on re-import
of domestic goods |
on reimport - 0.15 % of the rendered services cost but not more than €100 |
||||
Free Zone |
not applicable on
foreign or domestic goods, export outside Moldova, and export to other zones |
not applicable on
foreign or domestic goods, export outside Moldova, and export to other zones |
not applicable on
foreign or domestic goods, export outside Moldova, and export to other zones |
0.1% but
not greater than €400 |
not applicable |
|
aplicable on exports and
imports to the rest of Moldovan customs territory |
aplicable on exports and
imports to the rest of Moldovan customs territory |
aplicable on exports and
imports to the rest of Moldovan customs territory |
||||
Duty-free Shop |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable, except for the
imported filtertipped cigarettes |
goods with customs value: - from €100 up to €1000 – 4 € - over €1,000 – 0.4%
but not more than € 1,800 |
- 27 million lei annually for each shop separately - 10 million lei for sale of goods aboard plane
|
|
Renunciation |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
|
Destruction |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
0.1% but not more
than 400 € |
not applicable |
|
Source: Guide for Specialist in Customs
Procedures, MOLDPRO Committee - National Coordinator on Trade Simplificaiton
Virtually all goods and vehicles crossing Moldova’s customs border have to undergo customs control. Vehicles also undergo the control of the so-called “state border control services,” such as the Veterinary Service, Phitosanitary Service, Auto Transport Inspectorate, Ecological Inspectorate and Sanitary-Epidemiological Service, in the customs control zone at the ports of entry. The entry of a vehicle in the customs control zone is done with the permission of the border troops and customs.
At a port of entry, state border control services perform the following activities:
The activities performed at ports of entry by the state border control services will depend on mode of transport and object of carriage (goods or passengers).
Lists of relevant customs bodies and customs brokers are given below.
Moldovan Customs Service
Strada Columna 65
Chisinau MD 2001, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 27 57 35
Fax (373 22) 27 30 61
e-mail: dv@customs.md
Director General: Feodosia Furculita
Major International Ports of Entry
Moldovan-Romanian border:
Giurgiulesti, carriage by road and railway
Cahul-Oancea, carriage by road and railway
Leuseni-Albita, carriage by road and railway
Ungheni, carriage by railway; processes excisable goods
Sculeni, carriage by road
Costesti, carriage by road
Moldovan-Ukrainian border:
Criva-Mamaliga, carriage by road
Rososeni, carriage by road
Otaci, carriage by road and railway; processes excisable goods
Soroca, carriage by road and ferryboat
Palanca, carriage by road; processes excisable goods
Giurgiulesti, carriage by road and railway
International airports:
Chisinau International Airport
Cahul Airport – seasonal activity; closed down most of the year
Balti Airport – seasonal activity; closed down most of the year
Regional Customs Offices
Balti Customs Office
Strada
Pacii 38
Balti MD3100, Moldova
Tel : (373 231) 2 31 17
Fax : (373 231) 27380
The customs office services Balti, Sangerei, Falesti, Glodeni and Rascani.
Bender Customs Office
Strada
Mesterul Stanciu 2
Causeni MD 4300, Moldova
Tel. (373 243) 2 13 86/2 27 42/ 2 34 51
Fax (373
243) 2 38 95
The customs office services Transnistria, Stefan Voda, Palanca, Tudora and Saiti.
Briceni Customs Office
Strada
Prieteniei 5
Briceni MD 4700, Moldova
Tel. (373 247) 2 29 06/2 48 90
Fax (373 247) 2 48 90
The customs office services Briceni, Edinet, Larga, Criva, Free Enterprise Zone Otaci and Rososeni.
Cahul Customs Office
Cahul MD
3900, Moldova
Tel. (373 299) 2 36 67/
2 67 85/ 2 89 42
Fax (373 299) 2 89 42
The customs office services Cantemir, Taraclia, Leova, Comrat, Free Enterprise Zone Valcanes, Free Enterprise Zone Tvardita and Cahul.
Chisinau Customs Office
Blvd. Dacia 49/6
Chisinau MD 2062, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 53 44 79
Fax (373 22) 53 98 98
The office services Chisinau.
Center Customs Office
Bul. Ghioceilor 1, Chisinau, Moldova
Tel./Fax
(373 22) 71 66 55
The office services Expo-Business-Chisinau Free Zone, Ialoveni, Orhei
and Vadul-lui-Voda.
Leuseni Customs Office
Leuseni, Hancesti MD3432, Moldova
Tel. (373
269) 4 62 23/ 4 62 97
Fax (373 269) 4 62 30/ 4 62 54
The office services Hancesti, Nisporeni and Leuseni.
Ungheni Customs Office
Railway
Station, Ungheni MD 3600, Moldova
Tel. (373 236) 2 30 58
Fax (373 236) 2 35 70
The office services Ungheni, Free Enterprise Zone Ungheni and Calarasi
Customs Brokers
In
2006, Moldova finally moved from the system of customs declarants to customs
brokers and specialists. The previous
institution of customs declarant represented companies that had a specialist
(declarant) on their staff who was certified by Customs to fill out customs
declarations. The new rules set higher
requirements and responsibilities for companies acting as intermediaries
between businesses and customs during customs processing. The new institution benefits both Customs
Service, which has fewer people to interact with during customs processing, and
businesses, for which it is simpler, more efficient and cost-effective to
outsource the labor-intensive customs clearance procedure to
professionals. A fully-fledged customs
broker must be authorized by the Customs Service and have at least one customs
specialist on staff who is certified by the Customs Service. Customs brokers conduct, on behalf and at
the expense of businesses, the presentation and declaration of goods and
transport means during customs clearance, settlement of customs payments and
other customs mediation services.
Brokers are now required by law to keep a warehouse for temporary
storage of goods and insure settlement of customs payments before the release
of goods. Such insurance is secured
through a 10,000-Euro bond set up at each customs post where the broker wishes
to perform its activity. Brokers may
also act as guarantors of payment of any customs obligations. Under the Customs Code, the broker and the
principal bear sole responsibility for customs obligations, meaning that unless
the company settles customs payments, Customs will claim settlement from the
broker. Should the broker fail to
settle any payments within five days, Customs will cancel the brokerage
authorization.
The Customs Service keeps a registry of authorized customs brokers that can be found online at: http://www.customs.md/acte/index.php?nivel=2&poz=5&lang=ro.
FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT:
Natalia Calenic, Head of Customs Broker Unit
Moldovan Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Str. Maria Cebotari 8, Chisinau MD2004, Moldova
Tel. (373 22) 21 27 18
Fax (373 22) 23 81 41
Business
Information Service For The Newly Independent States (BISNIS)
Iulian Bogasieru
U.S. Embassy
Chisinau
str. Mateevici 103
Chisinau MD 2009,
Moldova
Tel. +373
22/40-89-05
Fax/voice mail + 373 22/40-89-62
Email:
Iulian.Bogasieru@mail.doc.gov
For more information on Moldova, visit BISNIS online at http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/country/moldova.cfm
BISNIS (www.bisnis.doc.gov)
is part of the U.S. Commercial Service (www.export.gov).