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Certification of products is a procedure of verification of conformance of products to
specific requirements- safety, electromagnetic compatibility etc.
Certification is realized by the organizations independent from the
manufacturer, supplier or seller accredited by appropriate committees,
agencies or departments.
The official document confirming that the certified products meet the
specific safety requirements accepted or established by the state is a Certificate
of Conformity.
The authorized Certification body has the right to issue it on the basis of
the following documents:
- Test
reports;
- Sanitary
epidemiological conclusions;
- Technical
descriptions of products and technical conditions, regulation
documents, contracts etc.
Verification
of conformance of products and rendered services to specific requirements
is one of components of assessment mechanism of their safety used before
the certified products come to the market.
Verification procedure of conformance can be realized by the manufacturer
himself by means of declaration of conformity as well as by certification
conducted by independent bodies.
There are two forms of verification of conformance in the Russian
Federation at the present time.
For carrying out certification of products, i.e verification of their
conformance to statuary requirements specified in normative documents it is
necessary to have availability of permission documents and indisputable evidence
of safety.
When declaring conformity of products by the manufacturer the evidence of
safety is collected directly by the manufacturer, if necessary, (or
according to the requirements of national normative documents) he can
invite certification body or testing laboratory to do that.
If an independent third party issues a certificate of conformity, then it
is its task to collect the evidence of safety.
Main
differences in two forms of verification of conformance:
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Declaration
of conformity
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Certification of products
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The manufacturer(supplier, executor)
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Product (service) certification body carries on
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The document certifying conformity- declaration of
conformity
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The document certifying conformity - certificate of
conformity
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Information for consumer:
- information about registered product declaration or in accompanying
documents;
- marking with comformity mark
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Information for consumer:
- a copy of certificate of conformity;
- information of the certificate of comformity in accompanying documents;
- marking with comformity mark stating code of certification body
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In the
Russian Federation the necessity of verification of conformance of products
and services is established by the following normative acts:
List of products which conformance can be confirmed by declaration of
conformity was approved by the Decree of the RF Government no.766 dated
07.07.1999 (including addenda and amendments inserted by the RF Decree
no.287 dated 29.04.2002). On the basis of this list the nomenclature of
products which conformance can be confirmed by declaration of conformity
was prepared and approved by Gosstandart of Russia.
Rules and procedures of certification are stated in Russian certification
rules, GOST R Certification System documents as well as in certification rules
of uniform products worked out in accordance with them.
Sequence of works by the participants of certification, certification
schemes and recommendations for their usage are described in “ Order of
product certification in the Russian Federation”.
Under schemes of certification the combination of actions is implied and
the results of these actions are considered as a basis of verification of
conformance of products to the established requirements.
Maximum
set of certification schemes of products acting at the present time
Certification schemes structure
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Number of scheme
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Tests in accredited testing laboratories and other
ways of evidence of conformance
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Check of production (quality system)
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Inspection check up of certified products (quality
systems, production)
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1
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Tests of type
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-
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-
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1a
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Tests of type
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Analysis of production
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-
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2
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Tests of type
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-
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Tests of samples taken from the seller
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2a
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Tests of type
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Analysis of production
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Tests of samples taken from the seller. Analysis of
production
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3
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Tests of type
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-
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Tests of samples production taken from the
manufacturer .
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3a
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Tests of type
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Analysis of production
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Tests of samples production taken from the
manufacturer . Analysis of production
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4
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Tests of type
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-
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Tests of samples taken from the seller. Tests of
samples production taken from the manufacturer .
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4a
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Tests of type
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Analysis of production
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Tests of samples taken from the seller and
manufacturer . Analysis of production
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5
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Tests of type
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Certification of production or quality system
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Quality system
production or check up. Tests of
samples taken from the seller and/or manufacturer .
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Check up of
certified quality system
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Consideration
of application - declaration with attached documents
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Certification
of quality system
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-
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7
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Tests of lot
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-
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-
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8
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Tests of
each sample
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-
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-
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9
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Consideration of
application-declaration with attached documents
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-
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-
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9a
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Consideration of
application-declaration with attached documents
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Analysis of
production
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-
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10
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Consideration of
application-declaration with attached documents
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-
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Tests of samples taken from the
manufacturer or the seller
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10a
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Consideration of
application-declaration with attached documents
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Analysis of
production
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Tests of samples taken from the
manufacturer or the seller. Analysis of production
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Comments:
1.
Test of products - tests of
manufactured products on the basis of assessment of one or several samples
which are their typical representatives
2.
Inspection check up is carried on
after issuing the certificate
3.
In schemes 5 and 6 the necessity
and volume of tests when inspection check up takes place and place of
sampling are determined by the certification body according to the results
of inspection control of quality system ( production)
Schemes
1-6, 9a,10 and 10a are used for
certification of serial products.
Schemes 7 and 9 are used for certification of a lot of
products.
Scheme 8 is used for certification of each article.
Certification schemes for specific products which the Applicant chooses are
stated in the Rules and Order of certification of uniform products.
If the results of certification are favorable, the Applicant gets a
certificate of conformity (on the basis of which he is entitled (obliged)
to mark his products with Mark of Conformity.
The products which have not passed certification cannot be sold in the territory
of the Russian Federation.
Declaration of conformity is accepted by the manufacturer /supplier only
for the products included into the List of products which conformance can
be confirmed by declaration of conformity ( no.287 dated 29.04.02).
Declaration is accepted on the basis of their own evidence of conformity
and on the basis of outside evidence including test protocols of accredited
testing laboratories, quality system certificates etc.
Declaration
of conformity has a legal force together with certificate of conformity.
It is registered in Certification bodies, its validity is established by
the declarant.
Exclusively legal persons registered in the RF are entitled to accept
declaration of conformity.
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