National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
IOWA – 2007 Profile
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HIV/AIDS has claimed the lives of over 500,000 Americans. Today, about one
million Americans are living with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and one
quarter of those infected are unaware of their infection.
Iowa reported 1,656 AIDS cases to CDC, cumulatively from the
beginning of the epidemic through December 2005. Iowa ranked 39th
highest among the 50 states in number of reported AIDS cases in 2005.
For more, visit:
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/adper/hiv_aids_programs.asp
Hepatitis A, B, and C Virus (HAV, HBV, HCV)
Safe and effective vaccines against HBV and HAV have led to
dramatic declines in acute disease; for each, estimated incidence in 2005 was
the lowest ever recorded. But there is no vaccine for HCV, and chronic HBV and
HCV account for over 50% of new cases of chronic liver disease, a leading cause
of death.
In Iowa, between 2000 and 2005:
• Reports of acute hepatitis A decreased by 68%.
• Reports of acute hepatitis B decreased by 15%.
• Chronic hepatitis C infection reporting to CDC was initiated to improve surveillance.
For more, visit:
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/adper/hepatitis.asp |
Figure
4: Source: CDC, National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System |
Syphilis - Primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis (the stages when
syphilis is most infectious) remains a problem in the southern U.S. and some
urban areas.
• Iowa ranked 43rd among 50 states, with 0.3 cases of P&S syphilis per 100,000
persons.
• There were no cases of congenital syphilis reported from 1996 to 2005.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea - Chlamydial and gonorrheal infections in
women are usually asymptomatic and often go undiagnosed. Untreated, these
infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause tubal
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In 2005, Iowa:
• Ranked 38th among 50 states in chlamydial infections (250.1 per 100,000
persons) and ranked 37th among 50 states in gonorrheal infections (54.4 per
100,000 persons).
• Reported rates of chlamydia among women (359.9 cases per 100,000) that were
2.6 times greater than those among men (136.9 cases per 100,000).
For more, visit:
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/adper/std_control.asp
HIV/AIDS - CDC utilizes a comprehensive approach to HIV
prevention that includes surveillance, research, interventions, capacity
building, and evaluation. CDC supports 65 state, territorial and local health
departments and over 100 community-based organizations to conduct HIV prevention
programs. Programs are designed to meet the cultural needs, expectations, and
values of the populations they serve, and CDC involves affected communities in
the HIV prevention community planning process to ensure that funding goes to
those who need it most.
STDs
- CDC supports 65 state, territorial, and local health departments to conduct
STD prevention programs through Comprehensive STD Prevention System grants.
These grants support a community-wide, science-based, interdisciplinary approach
to STD prevention that includes behavioral interventions, medical and laboratory
services, disease surveillance, outbreak response, professional development, and
STD awareness and education campaigns. CDC also assigns staff to state and local
health departments.
TB - Through cooperative agreements with 68 state, territorial,
and big-city health departments, CDC supports TB prevention and control
activities, including surveillance, case management, and directly observed
therapy. These funds also support the identification and evaluation of persons
exposed to TB, as well as laboratory services, medical consultation for complex
TB cases, and training for state and local TB control staff. CDC also assigns
staff to the field to provide direct assistance.
Viral Hepatitis - CDC supports Hepatitis C Coordinators to
provide management, networking, and technical expertise for successful
integration of hepatitis C prevention activities into existing public health
programs. Coordinators facilitate activities in 52 health departments,
including: 1) incorporating HCV counseling and testing into public health and
clinical settings; 2) training of health care professionals; 3) identifying
resources for hepatitis A and B vaccination; and 4) developing referral networks
to address the needs of HCV-infected persons.
• Iowa’s programs, services, and statistics, visit:
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/default.asp
• CDC’s programs, services, and statistics, visit:
http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp
• Funding opportunities, conferences, HIV testing resources, and other news,
visit: http://www.cdcnpin.org |