R
R01: See Traditional Research Project Award.
R03: See Small Research Grant.
Racial and Ethnic Categories: The Office of Management and Budget Directive No. 15 defines the minimum standard of basic racial and ethnic categories used by NIH. These definitions are used because they allow comparisons to many national databases, especially national health databases. Therefore, the racial and ethnic categories described in this document should be used as basic guidance, cognizant of the distinction based on cultural heritage.
Randomized Trial: A study in which participants are randomly (i.e., by chance) assigned to one of two or more treatment arms or regimens of a clinical trial. Occasionally, placebos are utilized. Randomization minimizes the differences among groups by equally distributing people with particular characteristics among all the trial arms.
Rebuttal: Procedure for contesting the peer review of a grant application. Synonymous with appeal.
Receipt, Referral, and Assignment of Applications: The routing of applications that arrive at NIH. The referral section of CSR is the central receipt point for competing applications. CSR referral officers assign each application to an Institute and refer it to a Scientific Review Group, notifying applicants of these assignments by mail. Alternatively, NIH encourages applicants to self-assign.
Recommended: A designation given by a study section advising that an application be funded. The application receives a priority score. Roughly the top half of applications reviewed are recommended for funding.
Recommended Levels of Future Support: Funding level recommended for each future year approved by the Scientific Review Group, subject to availability of funds and scientific progress.
Recompeting (a.k.a. Type 2, Competing Continuation Application, Renewal): A grant whose term is over and for which the applicant is again seeking NIH support.
Renewal: See Competing Continuation (Application).
Request For Applications (RFA): The official statement that invites grant or cooperative agreement applications to accomplish a specific program purpose. RFAs indicate the amount of funds set aside for the competition and generally identify a single application receipt date.
Request For Proposals (RFP): An RFP announces that NIH would like to award a contract to meet a specific need, such as development of an animal model. RFPs have a single receipt date and are published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts.
Research and Development (R&D) Contract: A funding mechanism by which the NIH procures specific services. These are negotiated contracts which may be funded from intramural or extramural accounts.
Research Misconduct: Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reporting research, or in reporting research results. Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that research is not accurately represented in the research record. Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, results, processes, or words without giving appropriate credit. The term does not include honest error or honest differences of opinion.
Research Projects: Projects that are primarily investigator initiated and involve basic scientific research. Includes the following selected Research Grant and Cooperative Agreement activities: R01, R03, R15, R21, R22, R23, R29, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R55, R56, RC1, P01, P42, PN1, U01, U19, UC1, NIGMS P41.
Research Supplement: Monies adding funds to an existing grant to support and promote diversity, people with disabilities, and people returning to work from family responsibilities.
Resubmission: Sending NIH an application for initial peer review after it has been reviewed by a study section and revised by the applicant. Each resubmission is given a code (e.g., A1, A2). NIH limits applicants to two resubmissions.
Review Cycle: The CSR’s thrice-yearly initial peer review cycle, from the receipt of applications to the date of the review.
Review Panel: An advisory group of scientific experts, typically including representatives of a Scientific Review Group (SRG) subcommittee plus ad hoc members.
Revision: Grants.gov term for money added to a grant to expand its scope or meet needs of a research protocol. Applicants must apply and undergo peer review.
The NIH term has been "competing supplement”.
RFA: See Request For Applications.
RFP: See Request For Proposals.
RPG (Research Project Grant): See Research Projects.
RPRB: See Research Programs Review Branch.
Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (NRSA): Awards to both individuals and institutions to provide research training in specified health-related areas.
