Report |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
State-Specific Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Adults --- United States, 2006--07 Influenza Season |
|
9/26/2008 |
|
|
Adult groups included in the 2008 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation for annual influenza vaccination include all persons aged >50 years, women who will be pregnant during the influenza season, persons aged 18–49 years with high-risk conditions, and other persons at increased risk for complications from influenza. Health-care personnel and household contacts and caregivers of persons at high risk also should receive annual influenza vaccination, as should adults who want to reduce their risk for becoming ill with influenza or for transmitting it to others. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 6–23 Months --- United States, 2006--07 Influenza Season |
|
9/26/2008 |
|
|
Children aged <5 years have more influenza-related medical-care visits compared with older children, and those aged <2 years are at the greatest risk for influenza-related hospitalizations. This report, based on data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey (NIS), provides an assessment of influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6–23 months during September–December of the 2006–07 influenza season. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 6–59 Months --- Eight Immunization Information System Sentinel Sites, United States, 2007--08 Influenza Season |
|
9/26/2008 |
|
|
Influenza vaccination coverage among children historically has been low. The results of this report highlights the need to identify barriers to influenza vaccination and to develop more effective interventions to promote vaccination of children aged 6–59 months who are at high risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, May 18--September 19, 2008 |
|
9/26/2008 |
|
|
During May 18–September 19, 2008, influenza A (H1), influenza A (H3), and influenza B viruses were detected worldwide and were identified sporadically in the United States. This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States and worldwide since the last update and reviews the new influenza vaccine recommendations for the upcoming season. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008 |
|
8/8/2008 |
|
|
This report updates the 2007 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents. The 2008 recommendations include new and updated information, including a new recommendation that annual vaccination be administered to all children aged 5–18 years, beginning in the 2008–09 influenza season, if feasible, but no later than the 2009–10 influenza season. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, 2007--08 Season |
|
6/27/2008 |
|
|
During the 2007–08 influenza season, influenza activity peaked in mid-February in the United States and was associated with greater mortality and higher rates of hospitalization of children aged 0–4 years, compared with each of the previous three seasons. This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States and worldwide during the 2007–08 influenza season (September 30, 2007–May 17, 2008). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Persons with Asthma --- United States, 2005--06 Influenza Season |
|
6/20/2008 |
|
|
During 2006, approximately 6.8 million (9.3%) U.S. children and 16.1 million (7.3%) U.S. adults were reported to have asthma. This report provides the first examination of influenza vaccination rates and related factors across a national sample of persons with asthma aged >2 years. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, September 30, 2007--April 5, 2008, and Composition of the 2008--09 Influenza Vaccine |
|
4/18/2008 |
|
|
This report summarizes
U.S. influenza activity since September 30, 2007, the start of the
2007--08 influenza season, and updates the previous summary. Low
levels of influenza activity were reported from October through
early December. Activity increased from mid-December and peaked in
mid-February. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interim Within-Season Estimate of the Effectiveness of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine --- Marshfield, Wisconsin, 2007--08 Influenza Season |
|
4/18/2008 |
|
|
During clinical trials,
the efficacy of vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccines for
the prevention of serologically confirmed influenza infection has
been estimated as high as 70%--90% among healthier adults. However,
the effectiveness of annual influenza vaccination typically is lower
during those influenza seasons when a suboptimal match between the
vaccine strains and circulating influenza strains is observed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, September 30, 2007–February 9, 2008 |
|
2/22/2008 |
|
|
From September through
early December, influenza activity remained low in the United
States. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity since the
beginning of the 2007--08 influenza season and updates the previous
summary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity -- United States, September 30, 2007--February 9, 2008 |
|
2/15/2008 |
|
|
This report summarizes
U.S. influenza activity since September 30, 2007, the beginning of
the 2007--08 influenza season, and updates the previous summary.
During September through early December, influenza activity remained
low in the United States. Activity increased from early December
through the end of the year and has continued to increase in January
and February. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza-Testing and Antiviral-Agent Prescribing Practices --- Connecticut, Minnesota, New Mexico, and New York, 2006--07 Influenza Season |
|
1/25/2008 |
|
|
This report describes the
results of a survey of primary-care physicians (PCPs), which
indicated that 69.0% of the PCPs administered influenza tests to
patients who had influenza-like symptoms during the influenza season
and that 53.8% prescribed antiviral agents, including two (i.e.,
amantadine and rimantadine) no longer recommended by CDC. This
report emphasizes the need for health agencies, medical societies,
and continuing medical education organizations to provide advanced
educational programs for physicians that increase awareness of
recommendations regarding appropriate influenza testing and use of
antiviral agents. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, September 30--December 1, 2007 |
|
12/14/2007 |
|
|
During September
30--December 1, 2007, influenza activity remained low in the United
States. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity since
September 30, the start of the 2007--08 influenza season. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, May 20--September 15, 2007 |
|
09/28/2007 |
|
|
During May 20--September
15, 2007, influenza A (H1), influenza A (H3), and influenza B
viruses cocirculated worldwide and were identified sporadically in
the United States. This report summarizes influenza activity in the
United States and worldwide. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
State-Specific Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Adults Aged >18 Years --- United States, 2003--04 and 2005--06 Influenza Seasons |
|
09/21/2007 |
|
|
Comprehensive measures are
needed to improve influenza vaccination coverage among adults aged
>18 years in the United States. This report describes strategies to
increase adoption of recommended adult immunization practices by
health-care providers, raise public awareness concerning influenza
vaccination, vaccinate throughout the influenza season, and ensure
stable supplies of readily available vaccine. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 6--23 Months --- United States, 2005--06 Influenza Season |
|
09/21/2007 |
|
|
Children aged <2 years are
at increased risk for influenza-related hospitalizations. Results
from the 2006 National Immunization Survey underscore the need to
continue to monitor influenza vaccination coverage among young
children, develop systems to provide childhood influenza vaccination
services more efficiently, and increase awareness among health-care
providers and caregivers concerning the effectiveness of influenza
vaccination among young children |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 6–59 Months --- Six Immunization Information System Sentinel Sites, United States, 2006--07 Influenza Season |
|
09/21/2007 |
|
|
In 2006, the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices expanded its 2004 recommendation
for routine influenza vaccination of children aged 6--23 months to
include children aged 24--59 months. This report discusses CDC’s
findings that in six immunization sentinel sites, <30% of children
aged 6--23 months and <20% of children aged 24--59 months were fully
vaccinated. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, 2006--07 Season, and Composition of the 2007--08 Influenza Vaccine |
|
08/10/2007 |
|
|
During the 2006--07
season, influenza activity peaked in mid-February in the United
States and was associated with less mortality and lower rates of
pediatric hospitalizations than during the previous three seasons.
This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States and
worldwide during the 2006--07 influenza season (October 1, 2006--May
19, 2007) and describes the composition of the 2007--08 influenza
vaccine. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Influenza --- Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2007 |
|
07/13/2007 |
|
|
Estimated vaccination
coverage remains <50% among certain groups for whom routine annual
vaccination is recommended, including young children and adults with
risk factors for influenza complications, health-care personnel, and
pregnant women. This report updates the 2006 recommendations by
CDC's ACIP regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral
agents. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children with Asthma --- United States, 2004--05 Influenza Season |
|
03/09/2007 |
|
|
Children with asthma are
at high risk for complications from influenza, and influenza
vaccination has been determined to safely and effectively reduce
rates of influenza in these children. This report underscores the
need to increase influenza vaccination coverage in children with
asthma aged 2--17 years by identifying and overcoming barriers to
vaccination. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, October 1, 2006--February 3, 2007 |
|
2/16/2007 |
|
|
Low levels of influenza
activity were reported from October through early December. This
report summarizes U.S. influenza activity since the beginning of the
2006--07 influenza season and updates the previous summary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, October 1--December 9, 2006 |
|
12/22/2006 |
|
|
During October 1--December
9, 2006, influenza activity remained low in the United States
overall but increased in southeastern states. This report summarizes
U.S. influenza activity since October 1, the beginning of the
2006--07 influenza season, and updates the previous summary. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage
Among Children Aged 6--23 Months --- Six Immunization Information System Sentinel Sites, United States, 2005--06 Influenza Season |
|
12/15/2006 |
|
|
This report assesses
influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6–23 months
during the 2005–06 influenza season by using data from six
immunization information system sentinel sites. Vaccination coverage
with 1 or more doses varied widely among sites, with coverage
increasing from the preceding influenza season in four sites.
However, less than 23% of children in five sites were fully
vaccinated, underscoring the need for increased measures to improve
the proportion of children who are fully vaccinated. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Childhood Influenza Vaccination Coverage ---
United States, 2004--05 Influenza Season |
|
10/06/2006 |
|
|
This report provides an
assessment of influenza vaccination coverage among children aged
6--23 months during the 2004--05 influenza season. Coverage in that
age group nearly doubled from the 2003--04 influenza season, with
substantial variability among states and urban areas. However, the
percentage of fully vaccinated children remained low, underscoring
the need for improved pediatric vaccination coverage and ongoing
monitoring of coverage among young children and their close
contacts. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza and Pneumococcal
Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Aged >65 Years --- United States,
2004---2005 |
|
10/06/2006 |
|
|
Vaccination of persons at
increased risk for complications from influenza and pneumococcal
disease is a key public health strategy in the United States. One of
the Healthy People 2010 objectives is to achieve 90% coverage
of noninstitutionalized adults aged >65 years for both
influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. To assess progress toward
this goal, this report examines vaccination coverage for persons
interviewed in the 2004 and 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System surveys. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee
on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
|
|
6/28/2006 |
|
|
Updates the 2005
recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
(ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents.
The 2006 recommendations include new and updated information.
Principal changes include 1) recommending vaccination of children
aged 24--59 months and their household contacts and out-of-home
caregivers against influenza; 2) highlighting the importance of
administering 2 doses of influenza vaccine for children aged 6
months--<9 years who were previously unvaccinated; 3) advising
health-care providers, those planning organized campaigns, and state
and local public health agencies to a) develop plans for expanding
outreach and infrastructure to vaccinate more persons than the
previous year and b) develop contingency plans for the timing and
prioritization of administering influenza vaccine, if the supply of
vaccine is delayed and/or reduced; 4) reminding providers that they
should routinely offer influenza vaccine to patients throughout the
influenza season; 5) recommending that neither amantadine nor
rimantadine be used for the treatment or chemoprophylaxis of
influenza A in the United States until evidence of susceptibility to
these antiviral medications has been re-established among
circulating influenza A viruses; and 6) using the 2006--07 trivalent
influenza vaccine virus strains. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, 2005--06 Season, and Composition of the 2006--07 Influenza Vaccine |
|
6/16/2006 |
|
|
Describes U.S. and
worldwide influenza activity during the 2005--2006 influenza season
and composition of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine and reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The weekly percentage of patient
visits to U.S. influenza sentinel providers for ILI first exceeded
the national baseline of 2.2% during the weeks ending December 17,
2005--April 1, 2006 and peaked twice, once at 3.3% for the week
ending December 31, 2005, and again at 3.2% for the week ending
March 4, 2006.The percentage of deaths in the United States
attributed to pneumonia and influenza did not exceed the epidemic
threshold but peaked twice at 7.8%, during the weeks ending January
14, 2006, and March 18, 2006. During January 2004--June 13, 2006, a
total of 225 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection
resulting in 128 deaths were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity
--- United States, April 2--8, 2006 |
|
4/21/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during April 2--8, 2006, and reports
the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity decreased to 10, and the percentage of outpatient visits
for influenza-like illness was 1.9%, which was below the national
baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia
and influenza was 7.4%, which was below the epidemic threshold of
8.0%. From December 2003 through April 13, 2006, a total of 194
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 109 deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity
--- United States, March 26--April 1, 2006 |
|
4/14/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during March 26--April 1, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity decreased to 13, and the percentage of
outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.6%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.6%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.1%. From December 2003 through April 11,
2006, a total of 193 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 109 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity
--- United States, March 19--25, 2006 |
|
4/7/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during March 19--25, 2006, and reports
the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity decreased to 16, and the percentage of outpatient visits
for influenza-like illness was 2.5%, which was above the national
baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia
and influenza was 7.7%, which was below the epidemic threshold of
8.2%. From December 2003 through April 4, 2006, a total of 191
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 108 deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity
--- United States, March 5--11, 2006 |
|
3/24/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during March 5–March 11, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity remained at 25, and the percentage of
outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 3.0%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.6%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.3%. From December 2003 through March 13,
2006, a total of 184 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 103 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United
States, March 12--March 18, 2006 |
|
3/31/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during March 12--March 18, and reports
the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity decreased to 23, and the percentage of outpatient visits
for influenza-like illness was 2.5%, which was above the national
baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia
and influenza was 7.8%, which was below the epidemic threshold of
8.2%. From December 2003 through March 24, 2006, a total of 186
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 105 deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United
States, February 26--March 4, 2006 |
|
3/17/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during February 26–March 4, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity increased to 25, and the percentage of
outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 3.0%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.0%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.3%. From December 2003 through March 13,
2006, a total of 177 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 98 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, February 19--25, 2006 |
|
3/10/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during February 19--25,
2006, and reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and
deaths attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World
Health Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity increased to 21,
and the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness
was 3.4%, which was above
the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed
to pneumonia and influenza was 7.0%,
which was below the epidemic threshold of 8.3%. From December 2003
through March 6, 2006, a
total of 175
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 95
deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, February 12--18, 2006 |
|
3/3/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during February 5--11, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity increased to 17, and the percentage of
outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.8%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.3%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.3%. From December 2003 through February 27,
2006, a total of 173 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 93 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, February 5--11, 2006
|
|
2/24/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during February 5–11,
2006, and reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and
deaths attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported
to the World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of
states reporting widespread influenza activity increased to 13,
and the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.5%,
which was above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed
to pneumonia and influenza was 7.0%, which was below the epidemic threshold of 8.3%.
From December 2003 through February 20, 2006, a total of 170 laboratory-confirmed
human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 92 deaths, were reported to WHO.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination of Health-Care Personnel: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |
|
2/24/2006 |
|
|
Summarizes recommendations
of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)
and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
concerning influenza vaccination of health-care personnel (HCP) in
the United States. These recommendations apply to HCP in acute care
hospitals, nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities, physician's
offices, urgent care centers, and outpatient clinics, and to persons
who provide home health care and emergency medical services. The
recommendations are targeted at health-care facility administrators,
infection-control professionals, and occupational health
professionals responsible for influenza vaccination programs and
influenza infection-control programs in their institutions. HICPAC
and ACIP recommend that all HCP be vaccinated annually against
influenza. Facilities that employ HCP are strongly encouraged to
provide vaccine to their staff by using evidence-based approaches
that maximize vaccination rates. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, January 29--February 4, 2006
|
|
2/17/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 29, 2006--February 4,
2006, and reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and
deaths attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World
Health Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity increased to nine, and the percentage
of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.3%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.4%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.2%. From December 2003 through February
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, 2005--06
Season, and Composition of the 2006--07 Influenza Vaccine> |
|
|
|
|
New Laboratory Assay for Diagnostic Testing of Avian Influenza A/H5 (Asian Lin
eage) |
|
2/10/2006 |
|
|
(Asian Lineage) Virus
Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Primer and
Probe Set and inactivated virus as a source of positive RNA control
for the in vitro qualitative detection of highly pathogenic
influenza A/H5 virus (Asian lineage). The primer and probe set,
developed at CDC, detects influenza viruses associated with
laboratory-confirmed infections of avian influenza in humans in east
Asia, Turkey, and Iraq. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity
--- United States, January 22–28, 2006 |
|
2/10/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 22–28, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity remained at five, and the percentage
of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.4%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.6%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.2%. From December 2003 through February 6,
2006, a total of 165 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 88 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Childhood Influenza Vaccination Coverage --- United States, 2003--04 Influenza Season |
|
2/3/2006 |
|
|
Assesses childhood
influenza vaccination coverage for the 2003–04 influenza season, the
second year the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
encouraged influenza vaccination of children aged 6–23 months. Data
from the 2004 National Immunization Survey indicate that 17.5% of
children in that age group received 1 or more doses of influenza
vaccine, and 8.4% were fully vaccinated during the 2003–04 influenza
season, compared with 7.4% and 4.4% for the 2002–03 season.
Substantial variability in influenza vaccination coverage was
observed among states and selected urban areas, ranging from 5.7% in
Miami-Dade County, Florida, to 47.6 in Rhode Island. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, January 15--21, 2006 |
|
2/3/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 15–21, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity decreased to five, and the percentage
of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 2.3%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.4%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 8.2%. From December 2003 through January 30,
2006, a total of 160 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 85 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, January 8--14, 2006 |
|
1/27/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 8–14, 2006, and reports
the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity increased to eight, and the percentage of outpatient visits
for influenza-like illness was 2.1%, which was below the national
baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia
and influenza was 7.8%, which was below the epidemic threshold of
8.1%. From December 2003 through January 23, 2006, a total of 151
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 82 deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, January 1--7, 2006 |
|
1/20/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 1–7, 2006, and reports
the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to
avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity remained at seven, and the percentage of outpatient visits
for influenza-like illness was 2.7%, which was above the national
baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia
and influenza was 7.3%, which was below the epidemic threshold of
8.0%. From December 2003 through January 14, 2006, a total of 148
laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1)
illness, including 79 deaths, were reported to WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
High Levels of Adamantane Resistance Among Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses and Interim Guidelines for Use of Antiviral Agents --- United States, 2005--06 Influenza Season |
|
1/17/2006 |
|
|
Describes new findings
regarding the resistance to adamantanes or M2 ion channel inhibitors
(i.e., amantadine and rimantadine) of influenza A viruses currently
circulating in the United States and provides interim
recommendations that these drugs not be used during the remainder of
the 2005–06 influenza season. Amantadine also is used to treat
symptoms of Parkinson disease and may continue to be used for this
indication. During this period, neuraminidase inhibitors (i.e.,
oseltamivir and zanamivir) should be prescribed if an antiviral
medication is indicated for the treatment of influenza, or
oseltamivir should be prescribed for chemoprophylaxis of influenza. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, December 25--31, 2006 |
|
1/13/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during December 25–31, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity increased to seven, and the percentage
of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 3.3%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 6.8%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 7.9%. From December 2003 through January 10,
2006, a total of 147 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 78 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, December 18--24, 2006 |
|
1/06/2006 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during December 18–24, 2006, and
reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The number of states reporting
widespread influenza activity was four, and the percentage of
outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was 3.1%, which was
above the national baseline of 2.2%; the percentage of deaths
attributed to pneumonia and influenza was 7.0%, which was below the
epidemic threshold of 7.8%. From December 2003 through December 30,
2005, a total of 142 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 74 deaths, were reported to
WHO. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, October 2--December 3, 2005 |
|
12/16/2005 |
|
|
Describes influenza
vaccination levels for two age groups with increased risk for
influenza-related complications. This report analyzed data from the
2003 National Health Interview Survey, which determined that
influenza vaccination coverage among persons aged >65 years and
persons aged 18–64 years with high-risk conditions was 65.6% and
34.1%, respectively, substantially below the national health
objective levels for 2010 of 90% and 60%. |
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination in Pregnancy: Practices Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists --- United States,
2003--04 Influenza Season |
|
10/21/2005 |
|
|
In 2003, the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) included healthy pregnant
women in their second or third trimester of pregnancy among persons
at high risk for whom influenza vaccination was indicated. Also
included were women at any stage of pregnancy with certain chronic
medical conditions. However, only 13% of pregnant women received
influenza vaccination in 2003. To assess understanding of the ACIP
recommendations among obstetrician-gynecologists, a survey was
conducted in May 2004, which indicated that 52% would recommend
influenza vaccination for a healthy woman in the first trimester of
pregnancy, 95% would recommend the vaccine for a healthy pregnant
woman beyond the first trimester, and 63% would recommend
vaccination for a woman with a medical condition in the first
trimester.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Aged 50--64 Years
Enrolled in Commercial Managed Health-Care Plans --- United States, 2003--04
and 2004--05 Influenza Seasons |
|
09/23/2005 |
|
|
To assess influenza
vaccination coverage among persons aged 50–64 years for the 2004–05
influenza season relative to the 2003–04 season and to estimate the
effect of shortages on selected subgroups, the National Committee
for Quality Assurance analyzed data from persons enrolled in
commercial managed care health plans. The findings of this analysis
indicated that vaccination coverage for the surveyed population
decreased from 52.4% to 28.1%, a decrease of approximately 46%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Vaccine Supply and Recommendations for Prioritization During the 2005--06 Influenza Season |
|
09/02/2005 |
|
|
This report updates
projections of influenza vaccine supply and previous recommendations
for priority use of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine during
the 2005–06 influenza season. However, because of the uncertainties
regarding production of influenza vaccine, the exact number of
available doses and timing of vaccine distribution for the 2005–06
influenza season remains unknown.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tiered Use of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in the Event of a
Vaccine Shortage |
|
08/05/2005 |
|
|
Recommendations are
offered to mitigate a possible disruption in the supply of
inactivated influenza vaccine. Although total vaccine supply for the
2005–06 influenza season is not known, the minimum anticipated
supply is approximately 58–60 million doses of inactivated vaccine
and 3 million doses of live, attenuated vaccine. This estimated
supply is similar to that available during the 2004–05 season and
would be adequate to satisfy historical demand for influenza vaccine
among persons considered by the Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices to be at high risk for serious complications associated
with influenza virus infection, health-care workers, and household
contacts of children aged <6 months.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee
on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |
|
07/29/2005 |
|
|
Report updates the
2004 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices (ACIP) regarding use of influenza vaccine and antiviral
agents. The 2005 recommendations include new or updated information
regarding 1) vaccination of persons with conditions leading to
compromise of the respiratory system; 2) vaccination of health-care
workers; 3) clarification of the role of live, attenuated influenza
vaccine in vaccine shortage situations; 4) the 2005–06 trivalent
vaccine virus strains; and 5) the assessment of vaccine supply,
timing of influenza vaccination, and prioritization of inactivated
vaccine in shortage situations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rapid Assessment of Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among HMO
Members --- Northern California Influenza Seasons, 2001--02 Through 2004--05 |
|
07/15/2005 |
|
|
The Vaccine Safety Datalink and Kaiser
Permanente Northern California established an automated system for
rapid detection of potentially adverse events after vaccinations
among its members. During the 2004–05 influenza season, in response
to the influenza vaccine shortfall and resulting prioritization of
vaccine distribution, this rapid analysis system also was used to
assess influenza vaccination coverage weekly among KPNC members. The
results indicated that KPNC followed Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices prioritization guidelines by targeting
influenza vaccination to children aged 6–23 months and adults aged
>65 years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide,
2004--05 Season |
|
07/01/2005 |
|
|
Describes U.S. and
worldwide influenza activity during the 2004–2005 influenza season
and reports the cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths
attributed to avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide. The weekly percentage of patient
visits to U.S. influenza sentinel providers for ILI first exceeded
the national baseline of 2.5% during the week ending January 1,
2005, and again for 13 consecutive weeks during the weeks ending
January 15–March 26, 2005. ILI peaked at 5.4% during the week ending
February 19, 2005. The percentage of deaths in the United States
attributed to pneumonia and influenza exceeded the epidemic
threshold during 8 consecutive weeks and peaked at 8.9% during the
week ending March 5, 2005. During January 2004–June 28, 2005, a
total of 108 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection
resulting in 54 deaths were reported to WHO.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surveillance for Laboratory-Confirmed,
Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations --- Colorado, 2004--05 Influenza Season |
|
06/03/2005 |
|
|
This report describes
a surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated
hospitalizations in all age groups in Colorado that was implemented
for the 2004–05 influenza season. The findings indicate that
implementation of statewide, population-based surveillance for
influenza-associated hospitalizations is feasible and useful for
assessing the age-specific burden of serious influenza-associated
morbidity and the relative severity of influenza seasons. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, 2004--05 Season |
|
04/08/2005 |
|
|
Describes U.S. influenza activity during the 2004–2005 influenza
season. For the week ending March 26, 2005, a total of four states
reported widespread influenza activity, and 15 states reported
regional activity. The weekly percentage of patient visits to U.S.
influenza sentinel providers for influenza-like illness first
exceeded the national baseline of 2.5% during the week ending
January 1, 2005, and exceeded the national baseline for 11
consecutive weeks from the week ending January 15, 2005, through the
week ending March 26, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improving Influenza, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide, and
Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Adults Aged <65 Years at High Risk: A Report on Recommendations of the Task Force on Community
Preventive Services |
|
04/01/2005 |
|
|
The
Task Force on Community Preventive Services conducted systematic
reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve
targeted vaccination coverage among adults aged <65 years at high
risk when implemented alone and in combination with other
interventions. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the
Task Force recommends the
combination of one or more interventions to enhance access to
vaccination services with at least one provider- or system-based
intervention, and/or at least one intervention to increase client or
community demand for vaccination. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity United States, 200405 Season |
|
03/04/2005 |
|
|
Describes U.S. influenza activity during the 2004–2005 influenza
season. For the week ending February 19, 2005, a total of 33 states
reported widespread influenza activity, and 15 states reported
regional activity. For the week ending February 19, the weekly
percentage of patient visits to U.S. influenza sentinel providers
for influenza-like illness was 5.7% and exceeded the national
baseline of 2.5%. |
|
|
|
|
|
Interventions to Increase Influenza Vaccination of Health-Care Workers
--- California and Minnesota |
|
03/04/2004 |
|
|
Vaccination of health-care
workers (HCWs) has been shown to reduce influenza infection and
absenteeism, prevent mortality in their patients, and result in
financial savings to sponsoring health institutions. However,
influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs in the United States
remains low; in 2003, coverage among HCWs was 40.1%. This report
describes strategies implemented in three clinical settings that
increased the proportion of HCWs who received influenza vaccination.
The results demonstrate the value of making influenza vaccination
convenient and available at no cost to HCWs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brief Report: Vaccination Coverage Among Callers to a State Influenza
Hotline --- Connecticut, 2004--05 Influenza Season |
|
03/04/2005 |
|
|
In response to the
influenza vaccine shortage during the 2004–05 season, the
Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) operated a telephone
hotline to 1) address questions from the public regarding the
availability of influenza vaccine, 2) reduce the number of telephone
inquiries to physicians and local health departments, and 3) advise
callers regarding which groups were most at risk and in need of
influenza vaccination. This report summarizes results of a
retrospective survey of callers to the DPH influenza vaccine hotline
during November 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United States, 2004--05 Season |
|
01/14/2005 |
|
|
Describes U.S. influenza
activity during the 2004–2005 influenza season. For the week ending
January 1, 2005, two states reported widespread influenza activity,
and 12 states reported regional activity. For the week ending
January 1, the weekly percentage of patient visits to U.S. influenza
sentinel providers for influenza-like illness was 3.0% and exceeded
the national baseline of 2.5% for the first time this season. During
the same week, 6.7% of recorded deaths were attributed to pneumonia
and influenza, which was below the epidemic threshold of 7.9%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Adults and Children ---
United States, September 1--November 30, 2004 |
|
12/17/2004 |
|
|
Because of the unexpected
shortage of inactivated influenza vaccine for the 2004–05 influenza
season, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended
that the vaccine be reserved for persons in certain priority groups
and asked others to defer or forego vaccination. This report
summarizes data collected during December 1–11, 2004, to assess the
use of influenza vaccine among adults and children and the primary
reasons reported for not receiving vaccine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Experiences with Obtaining Influenza Vaccination Among Persons in
Priority Groups During a Vaccine Shortage --- United States,
October--November, 2004 |
|
12/17/2004 |
|
|
During the shortage
of inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2004–05 influenza
season, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended
that the remaining vaccine supply should be reserved for 1) certain
groups of persons at high risk for serious health problems from
influenza, 2) health-care workers involved in direct patient care,
and 3) close contacts of children aged <6 months (1). This report
summarizes results of a survey conducted to determine 1) what
proportion of persons at increased risk for influenza complications
had been vaccinated as of the day of the survey, 2) what proportion
sought vaccination but did not receive it because of the shortage,
and 3) what factors might have dissuaded persons at high risk from
seeking influenza vaccination.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Experiences with Influenza-Like Illness and Attitudes Regarding
Influenza Prevention --- United States, 2003--04 Influenza Season |
|
12/17/2004 |
|
|
Although vaccination has
been a mainstay of influenza prevention, efforts to interrupt
person-to-person transmission also are important. In October 2003,
CDC recommended that health-care facilities implement a Universal
Respiratory Hygiene Strategy, including providing masks or facial
tissues in waiting rooms to persons with respiratory symptoms. This
report summarizes the results of a February 2004 survey that
assessed attitudes among U.S. adults regarding prevention of
influenza-like illness, including use of vaccine and respiratory
hygiene.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Aged
>65 Years and Persons Aged 18--64 Years with Diabetes or Asthma
--- United States, 2003 |
|
11/05/2004 |
|
|
Vaccination of persons at
risk for complications from influenza and pneumococcal disease is a
key public health strategy for preventing associated morbidity and
mortality in the United States. Risk factors include older age and
medical conditions that increase the risk for complications from
infections. To estimate influenza and pneumococcal vaccination
coverage among populations at risk, CDC analyzed data from the 2003
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. This report
summarizes the results of that analysis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza Vaccination and Self-Reported Reasons for Not Receiving
Influenza Vaccination Among Medicare Beneficiaries Aged >65
years --- United States, 1991--2002 |
|
11/05/2004 |
|
|
This report examines
trends in influenza vaccination among Medicare beneficiaries during
1991--2002. Influenza vaccination increased steadily in this age
group throughout the period, with a slight dip during the 2000--01
influenza season when production delays created a vaccine shortage.
Overall, the most frequently cited reasons for not receiving
influenza vaccine were 1) not knowing that influenza vaccination was
needed and 2) concerns that vaccination might cause influenza or
side effects. For the 2000--01 season, the vaccine shortage was cited
as a leading reason for not receiving influenza vaccination. The
report concludes that strategies are needed to educate older persons
about the benefits of influenza vaccination and to address their
concerns about vaccine safety. |
|
|
|
|
|
Update:
Influenza Activity --- United States and Worldwide, May--October 2004 |
|
10/29/2004 |
|
|
Describes U.S. and
worldwide influenza activity during May--October 2004 and reports the
cumulative number of human illnesses and deaths attributed to avian
influenza A (H5N1) reported to the World Health Organization (WHO)
worldwide. The percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like
illness ranged from 0.4% to 0.8%. From December 2003 through October
25, 2004, a total of 44 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian
influenza A (H5N1) illness, including 32 deaths, were reported to
WHO.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notice
to Readers: Mid-Year Addition of Influenza-Associated Pediatric
Mortality to the List of Nationally Notifiable Diseases, 2004 |
|
10/15/2004 |
|
|
Influenza-associated
pediatric mortality has been added to the list of conditions
voluntarily reportable to the National Notifiable Diseases
Surveillance System, beginning October 1, 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
Notice
to Readers: Supplemental Recommendations About the Timing of Influenza
Vaccination, 2004--05 Season |
|
09/24/2004 |
|
|
The notice announces
a potential delay in distribution of influenza vaccines from Chiron
Corporation, one of the two major suppliers of inactivated influenza
vaccine. Customers who ordered influenza vaccine from Chiron might
need to reschedule planned clinics and other vaccination campaigns. |
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control of Influenza
Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
(ACIP) |
|
05/28/2004 |
|
|
This report updates ACIP’s
2003 recommendations on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral
agents. Primary changes to previous recommendations are as follows:
1) healthy children aged 6--23 months and close contacts of children
aged 0--23 months are added to the groups recommended for annual
influenza vaccination; 2) inactivated vaccine is preferred over
live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for vaccination of
household members, health-care workers, and others who have close
contact with severely immunosuppressed persons; health-care workers
who receive LAIV should refrain from contact with severely
immunosuppressed patients for 7 days after vaccine receipt; and 3)
severely immunosuppressed persons should not administer LAIV;
however, other persons at high risk for influenza complications may
administer LAIV.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity --- United
States, 2003--04 Season |
|
04/09/2004 |
|
|
CDC
surveillance indicates that influenza activity in the United States
was earlier than usual during the 2003--2004 season, beginning in
October 2003, peaking during late November–December, and declining
rapidly during January--February 2004. As of March 27, CDC had received
reports of 142 influenza-associated deaths in children aged <18 years.
Since early February, avian influenza outbreaks in poultry have been
reported from multiple locations in North America. No confirmed cases
of human infection with avian influenza viruses have occurred in the
United States, although two have occurred in Canada.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outbreaks of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in
Asia and Interim Recommendations for Evaluation and Reporting of
Suspected Cases---United States, 2004 |
|
02/13/2004 |
|
|
During
December 2003---February 2004, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian
influenza A (H5N1) among poultry workers were reported in Cambodia,
China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. As
of February 9, 2004, a total of 23 cases of laboratory-confirmed
influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in humans, resulting in 18 deaths,
had been reported in Thailand and Vietnam. In addition, 100 suspected
cases in humans are under investigation by national health authorities
in Thailand and Vietnam. CDC recommends that state and local health
departments and health-care providers identify patients who could be
infected by influenza A (H5N1) virus and take infection-control
precautions when influenza A (H5N1) is suspected. CDC also ordered an
immediate ban on import of all birds from affected countries and
advised that travelers to countries in Asia with documented outbreaks
should avoid poultry farms, contact with animals in live food markets,
and surfaces that appear to be contaminated with feces from poultry or
other animals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cases of Influenza A (H5N1)---Thailand,
2004 |
|
02/13/2004 |
|
|
Since
mid-December 2003, eight Asian countries, including Thailand and
Vietnam, have reported an epizootic of highly pathogenic avian
influenza in poultry and various other birds caused by influenza A
(H5N1). As of February 9, 2004, influenza A (H5N1) had been laboratory
confirmed in 23 human cases in Thailand and Vietnam. In 18 of these
cases, the patients died. The human viruses identified in 2004 are
antigenically and genetically distinguishable from the 1997 and
February 2003 viruses . Because of the severity of disease, the
Ministry of Public Health in Thailand recommended that hospitalized
patients with suspected avian influenza be cared for by using
precautions to minimize risk for airborne transmission and by using
broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs as empiric treatment for the major
causes of pneumonia. The World Health Organization has issued updated
recommendations for hospital-infection control and treatment. Interim
U. S. recommendations for infection-control precautions and diagnostic
evaluation of persons with specific epidemiologic and clinical
criteria have been developed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, January 18--24, 2004 |
|
01/30/2004 |
|
|
Describes
influenza activity in the United States during January 18--24, 2004,
identifying states reporting widespread, regional, local, and sporadic
activity as well as influenza-associated deaths among children aged
<18 years. The number of states reporting widespread influenza
activity decreased from five to one, and the percentage of outpatient
visits for influenza-like illness remained at 2.0%, which is below the
national baseline of 2.5%; the percentage of deaths attributed to
pneumonia and influenza was 9.7%. As of January 26, 2004, CDC had
received reports of 121 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated
deaths among children aged <18 years. All influenza-associated deaths
among children aged <18 years should be reported to CDC through state
and local health departments during the 2003--04 season.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, January 11--17, 2004 |
|
01/23/2004 |
|
|
Describes
influenza activity in the United States during January 11--17, 2004,
identifying states reporting widespread, regional, local, and sporadic
activity as well as influenza-associated deaths among children <18
years. The number of states reporting widespread influenza activity
decreased from 20 to five, and the percentage of outpatient visits for
influenza-like illness declined below the national baseline of 2.5%
for the first time since the reporting week ending November 8, 2003;
the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza was
unchanged. Since October 2003, CDC has received reports from 33 states
of 111 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated deaths among children
aged <18 years. All influenza-associated deaths among children aged
<18 years should be reported to CDC through state and local health
departments during the 2003–04 season.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preliminary Assessment of the
Effectiveness of the 2003--04 Inactivated Influenza Vaccine ---
Colorado, December 2003 |
|
01/16/2004 |
|
|
Describes a retrospective
cohort study conducted among workers at a Colorado hospital to provide
preliminary data on the effectiveness of trivalent inactivated
influenza vaccine (TIV) against influenza-like illness (ILI). TIV had
no or low effectiveness against ILI. This study does not provide data
that would permit an assessment of the effectiveness of TIV against
laboratory-confirmed influenza and its complications. Additional
studies to provide such data are under way. Because TIV was effective
against laboratory-confirmed influenza and influenza-related
complications in previous years in which it was not effective against
ILI, and because influenza B and influenza A (H1N1) viruses might
cause significant illness later this season, influenza vaccine
continues to be recommended for persons at increased risk for
influenza-related complications, their household contacts, and
health-care personnel.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, January 4--10, 2004 |
|
01/16/2004 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during January 4--10, 2004, and
identifies number of states reporting widespread, regional, local, and
sporadic influenza activity. During the reporting week ending January
10, 2004, World Health Organization (WHO) laboratories reported
testing 2,670 specimens for influenza viruses. Of the 319 (11.9%) that
were positive, 52 were influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 261 were influenza
A viruses that were not subtyped, and six were influenza B viruses.
The percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness
continue to decrease in all nine surveillance regions during the week
ending January 10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, December 21, 2003--January 3, 2004 |
|
01/09/2004 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during December 21, 2003--January 3,
3004, and identifies number of states reporting widespread, regional,
local, and sporadic influenza activity. During the reporting week
ending January 3, 2004, World Health Organization (WHO) laboratories
reported testing 3,092 specimens for influenza viruses. Of the 641
(20.7%) that were positive, 111 were influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 524
were influenza A viruses that were not subtyped, and six were
influenza B viruses. The percentage of outpatient visits for
influenza-like illness decreased in all nine surveillance regions
during the week ending January 3, with an overall national percentage
of 6.2%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza-Associated
Deaths Reported Among Children Aged <18 Years --- United States,
2003--04 Influenza Season |
|
01/09/2004 |
|
|
Describes deaths among
children with evidence of influenza virus infection based on data
reported as of January 2, 2004. Since October 2003, CDC has received
reports of 93 influenza-associated deaths among children aged <18
years. All patients had evidence of influenza virus infection detected
by rapid antigen testing or other laboratory tests. All
influenza-associated deaths among children aged <18 years should be
reported to CDC through state and local health departments during the
2003--04 season.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, December 14--20, 2003 |
|
01/02/2004 |
|
|
Describes influenza
activity in the United States during December 14--20, 2003, and
identifies number of states reporting widespread, regional, local, and
sporadic influenza activity. During the reporting week, World Health
Organization laboratories reported testing 3,693 specimens for
influenza viruses. A total of 1,297 (35.1%) were positive; 323 were
influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 964 were influenza A viruses that were not subtyped, and 10 were influenza B viruses. Because data from the
National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System
laboratories for the week ending December 20 were not available at the
time of this report, numbers might change substantially next week.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza-Associated Deaths
Reported Among Children Aged <18 Years --- United States, 2003--04
Influenza Season
|
|
12/19/2003 |
|
|
Since October, 42 influenza-associated
deaths among children aged <18 years have been reported to CDC. The
median age of these patients was 4 years (range: 9 weeks--17 years).
Seventeen of the children had underlying chronic medical conditions,
and five with no previous medical conditions had invasive bacterial
co-infections. To improve surveillance,
CDC has requested that all influenza-associated deaths of children
aged <18 years be reported through state health departments to CDC.
Forms will be available on the
Epidemic Information Exchange.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza Activity ---
United States, December 7--13, 2003 |
|
12/19/2003 |
|
|
Describes
influenza activity in the United States during December 7--13, 2003,
and identifies number of states reporting widespread, regional, local,
and sporadic influenza activity. During the reporting week, World
Health Organization and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus
Surveillance System laboratories reported testing 3,814 specimens for
influenza viruses. A total of 1,365 (35.8%) were positive; 262 were
influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 1,080 were influenza A viruses that were
not subtyped, and 23 were influenza B viruses. Additional information
about influenza activity is available from CDC at
http://www.cdc.gov/flu.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update: Influenza
Activity --- United States,
2003--04 Season |
|
12/12/2003 |
|
|
Describes
influenza activity in the United States during October 4–December 6,
2003; identifies states reporting widespread, regional, local, and
sporadic influenza activity, describes national influenza monitoring
conduced by CDC; and summarizes reports of severe illness and deaths
in children and pregnant women. The early season and the unusually
high and persistent demand for vaccine have resulted in a decreasing
supply of trivalent inactivated vaccine. Emphasis should be placed on
vaccinating persons at high risk for complications from influenza,
including healthy children aged 6--23 months. Healthy persons aged 5--49
years who wish to receive vaccine should consider being vaccinated
with the intranasally administered live, attenuated influenza vaccine
(LAIV), a substantial supply of which remains available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using Live, Attenuated
Influenza Vaccine for Prevention and Control of Influenza |
|
09/26/2003 |
|
|
ACIP
recommends using intranasally administered, trivalent, cold-adapted,
live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), which was approved for use
in the United States in June 2003, among healthy persons (those not at
high risk for complications from influenza infection) aged 5--49 years.
Information is included on vaccine composition, comparison between LAIV and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, effectiveness and
safety, contraindications, and dosage and administration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevention and Control
of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices (ACIP) |
|
04/25/2003 |
|
|
ACIP's recommendations
address use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents, optimal timing
of influenza vaccination by age and risk group, use of influenza
vaccine for children aged 6--23 months, and the 2003--04 trivalent
inactivated vaccine virus strains.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|