Richard D. Irwin, Ph.D., is a chemist in the Toxicology Branch. He serves as principal investigator/project officer on two special projects. The first involves an evaluation of 2-dimensional protein maps (isoelectric focusing in the first dimensions and SDS electrophoresis in the second dimension) prepared on acrylamide gels as a means of characterizing tissue specific responses to toxic insult. The second special project is concerned with evaluating the risk of insertional mutagenesis associated with exposure to retroviral vectors similar to those currently employed in gene therapy. As a member of the Toxicology Branch, his primary responsibilities are to serve as leader of Project Review Teams that develop research/testing plans for specific chemicals, to serve as project officer for research/testing contracts involved with implementing the plans, and to prepare technical reports based on the results of research/testing for presentation to the Technical Reports Committee of the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors.
His recent research has focused on the application of genomics, and in particular, transcriptional profiling to examine mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and the integration of genomics into toxicological and carcinogenesis testing. Irwin is also an adjunct member in the Host Susceptibility Branch and a lead scientist in the DNA Products Program, a joint effort with the FDA to evaluate the safety of viral based gene therapy vectors. He received a B.S. in chemistry from Baldwin Wallace College, Berea, Ohio and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Selected Publications
Irwin, R.D., Boorman,G.A., Cunningham, M.L., Heinloth, A.N., Malarkey, D.E., Paules, R.S. Application of Toxicogenomics to Toxicology: Basic Concepts in the Analysis of Microarray Data. Toxicologic Pathology, 32(Suppl. 1):1-12, 2004.[Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15209406?ordinalpos=16&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Irwin, R.D., Parker, J.S., Lobenhofer, E.K., Burka, L.,Blackshear, P.E., Vallant, M.K., Lebetkin, E.H., Gerken, D.F., Boorman, G.A. Transcriptional Profiling of the left and median Lobes of Male F344/N rats Following Exposure to Acetaminophen. Toxicologic Pathology 33: 1-7, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15805062?ordinalpos=13&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Boorman, G.A., Irwin, R.D., Vallant, M.K., Gerken, D.E., Lobenhofer, E.K., Hejtmancik, M.R., Hurban, P., Brys, A.M., Travelos, G.S., Parker, J.S., Portier, C.J. Variation in the hepatic gene expression in individual Male Fisher Rats. Toxicologic Pathology, 33: 1-9, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15805061?ordinalpos=14&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Doi, A..M., Irwin, R.D., Bucher, J.R. Influence of Functional Group Substitutions on the Carcinogenicity of Anthraquinone in Rats and Mice: Analysis of Long-Term Bioassyas by The National Cancer Institute and The National Toxicology program. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, part B 8: 100-126, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804751?ordinalpos=15&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Boorman, G.A., Blackshear, P.E., Parker, J.S., Lobenhofer, E.K., Malarkey, D.E., Vallant, M.K., Gerken, D.K., Irwin, R.D. Hepatic gene expression changes throughout the day in the fischer rat: implications for toxicogenomic experiments. Toxicological Sciences 86(1): 183-193, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814895?ordinalpos=12&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Zheng, C., Voutetakis, A., Kok, M.R., Goldsmith, C.M., Smith, G.B.J., Vallant, M., Irwin, R.D., Baum, B.J. Toxicity and biodistribution of a first generation recombinant adenoviral vector, in the presence of hydroxychloroquine, following retroductal delivery to a single rat submandibular gland.Oral diseases, 11, 1-8, 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476034?ordinalpos=10&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Toyoshiba, H., Sone, H., Yamanaka, T. Parham, F.M., Irwin, R.D., Boorman, G.A., Portier, C.J. Gene interaction network analysis suggests differences between high and low doses of acetaminophen. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701773?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Zheng, C., Goldsmith, C.M., Mineshibi, F., Chiorini, J.A., Kerr, a., Wenk, M.L., Vallant, M., Irwin, R.D., Baum, B. Toxicity and biodistribution of a first generation recombinant adenoviral vector, encoding aquaporin-1, after retroductal delivery o a single rat submandibular gland. Human gene therapy 17: 1122-1133, 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17069536?ordinalpos=8&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Irwin, R.D. A review of evidence leading to the prediction that 1,4-butanediol is not a carcinogen. J. Applied Toxicology 26:72-80, 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16193534?ordinalpos=11&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Portier CJ, Toyoshiba H, Sone H, Parham F, Irwin RD, Boorman GA. Comparative analysis of gene networks at multiple doses and time points in livers of rats exposed to acetaminophen. ALTEX. 2006; 23 Suppl:380-4. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17492217?ordinalpos=5&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Mori, K., Blackshear, P.E., Lobenhofer, E.K., Parker, J.S., Orzech, D.P., Roycroft, J.H., Wlaker, K.L., Johnson, K.A., Marsh, T.A., Irwin, R.D, Boorman, G.A. Hepatic Transcript Levels for Genes Coding for Enzymes Associated with Xenobiotic Metabolism are Altered with Age. Toxicologic Pathology 35: 1-10, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17366318?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Voutetakis A, Zheng C, Wang J, Goldsmith CM, Afione S, Chiorini JA, Wenk ML, Vallant M, Irwin RD, Baum BJ. Gender differences in serotype 2 adeno-associated virus biodistribution after administration to rodent salivary glands. Hum Gene Ther. 2007 Nov;18(11):1109-18. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17939749?ordinalpos=4&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Lobenhofer, E.K., Auman, J.T., Blackshear, P.E., Boorman, G.A., Bushel, P.R., Cunningham, M.L., Fostel, J.M., Gerrish, K., Heinloth, A.N., Irwin, R.D., Malarkey, D.E., Merrick, B.A., Sieber, S.O., Tucker, C.J., Ward, S.M., Wilson, R.E., Hurban, P., Tennant, R.W., Paules, R.S. Gene expression response in target organ and whole blood varies as a function of target organ injury phenotype. Genome Biology 9: 100, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570634?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Lin R, Dai S, Irwin RD, Heinloth AN, Boorman GA, Li L. Gene set enrichment analysis for non-monotone association and multiple experimental categories. BMC Bioinformatics Nov 14;9:481, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19014579?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Irwin, R.D., Haseman, J.K., Eustis, S.L. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: a multisite carcinogen in rats and mice. Fundam. and Appl. Toxicol. 25: 241-252, 1995. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7665008?ordinalpos=27&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Sanders, V., Elwell, M., Heath, J.E., Collins, B.J., Dunnick, J.K., Rao, G.N., Prejean, D., Lindamood, C., Irwin, R.D. Induction of thymic lymphoma in mice admnistered the dideoxynucleoside ddC. Fundam. and Appl. Toxicol. 27: 132-139, 1995. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8529822?ordinalpos=26&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
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