4. In this operation, the OSS, Yale librarian Bernard Knollenberg, and Notestein conspired to send English Professor Joseph Curtiss on a secret mission to Turkey under the pretence of acquiring books for the Yale library (see Winks, ch. 3).

5. In S. J. Cimabala (ed.), Intelligence and Intelligence Policy in a Democratic Societv (Dobbs Ferry: Transnational Publications, 1987).

6. The Intelligence Establishment (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), p. 3.

7.   OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972), p. 13.

8.   State and Scholars in T'ang China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

9. Ransom, op, cit., p. 71; Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA (New York: Basic Books, 1983), p. 370.

10. Cited in Ransom, op. cit., p. 8.

11. Op. cit., p. 8.

12. Strategic Intelligence (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949), p. 180.

13. Ranelagh, op. cit., p. 50.

14.   Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency (Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1981), Appendix B, "Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information," p. 419.

15. Ibid.

16. Troy, op.cit., p. 84; cf. Bradley F. Smith, Op. cit., p. 73 and ch. 8, passim., and Ranelagh, pp. 50-62.

17. Troy, op. cit., p. 84.

18. Op. cit., p. 32.

19. Ransom, op. cit., p. 73.

20. Winks, pp. 96-110, 113.                                                         

21. Op. cit., p. 182.                                                                                            

22.  Dee is the subject of many studies, the best of which is Nicholas Clulee, John Dee''s Natural Philosophy (London: RKP, 1988). The classic treatment of Dee as Elizabeth's 007 is Richard Deacon, John Dee: Scientist, Geographer, Astrologer, and Secret Agent to Elizabeth I (London, 1968). My own study, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance, is in press with the University of Massachusetts Press.

23.  Three manuscript copies of this text survive: I quote B[ritish] L[ibrary], Harleian NIS 249, art, 13. In this and all other quotations from early material I have modernized the spelling.

24. The relevant primary sources are scattered throughout the State Papers at the P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice]: see especially the Uncalendared State Papers Foreign, Hamburg and Hanse Towns.

25. Cited in Retha M. Wamicke, William Lambarde: Elizabethan Antiquary, 1536-1601 (London: Phillimore & Co., 1973), p. 135.

26.  Op. cit., p. 476.

27.  The full text of the letter is printed in Conyers Read, Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth, 2 volumes. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925), 1:18-20.

28. There are several manuscript copies extant, but the text has been printed in full in the English Historical Review 20 (1905), pp. 499-508, and it is from this edition that I quote.

29. PRO SP12/17, no. 49.

30. Op. cit., p. 101-102.

31.   Early English Text Society, Extra Series 8 (1869), pp. 4, 10.