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 Acropora palmata thicket on Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Andy Bruckner, 1996Coho salmon painting, Canadian Dept of Fisheries and OceansMonk seal, C.E. BowlbyHumpback whale, Dr. Lou Herman
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5-Year Reviews under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)

How Species Are Listed | 5-Year Reviews | Policies & Guidance | Listed Species

 
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Green Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
Photo: Andy Bruckner, NOAA

Overview
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) requires completion of periodic reviews of species that are listed as threatened or endangered to ensure that the listing of these species remains accurate. Specifically, section 4(c)(2) of the ESA states that

"The Secretary shall -- (A) conduct, at least once every five years, a review of all species included in a list..., and (B) determine on the basis of such review whether any such species should (i) be removed from such list; (ii) be changed in status from an endangered species to a threatened species; or (iii) be changed in status from a threatened species to an endangered species."

The reviews called for in this section of the ESA are known as "5-Year Reviews."

Guidance and Template
A 5-Year Review Guidance [pdf] [3.9 MB] document was developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in July 2005 to promote a consistent nationwide approach to 5-year reviews and to clarify the scope and role of these reviews in relationship to other requirements under the ESA. The 5-year review can be as straightforward as gathering current information on a species and determining whether recovery criteria in the recovery plan have been met. For species without recovery plans or with recovery criteria that do not meet all of the current requirements of the ESA, a 5-year review entails analyzing information available on the species relative to the definitions of endangered and threatened and in the context of the five listing factors.

The guidance provides a template that may be used for conducting a 5-year review.

All status reviews of species may serve as 5-year reviews, regardless of whether or not the template is used.

Recent 5-Year Reviews
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