Definitions
Definition of Suicide
Suicidal behavior exists along a continuum from thinking about ending one’s life (“suicidal ideation”), to developing a plan, to non-fatal suicidal behavior (“suicide attempt”), to ending one’s life (“suicide”).
Suicidal ideation
“Thoughts of harming or killing oneself” (IOM 2002). The severity of suicidal ideation can be determined by assessing the frequency, intensity, and duration of these thoughts (IOM 2002).
Suicide attempt
“A non-fatal, self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die” (IOM 2002).
Suicide
“Fatal self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die” (IOM 2002).
Why is a Consistent Definition Important?
A consistent definition is needed to monitor the incidence of suicide and examine trends over time. In addition, it helps determine the magnitude of suicide and compare the problem across jurisdictions. A consistent definition also helps researchers measure risk and protective factors for victimization in a uniform manner. This ultimately informs prevention and intervention efforts.
CDC is in the process of developing Suicide Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements. This publication is expected to be available in 2009.
Reference
Goldsmith SK, Pellmar TC, Kleinman AM, Bunney WE, eds. Reducing suicide: a national imperative. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 20027. Available at http://www.nap.edu/books/0309083214/html/.*
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