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Risk behavior for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among HIV-seropositive individuals in an urban setting.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004; 38:122-127.
McGowan JP, Shah SS, Ganea CE, Blum S, Ernst JA, Irwin KL, Olivo N,
Weidle PJ.
Abstract
We conducted interviews with 256 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected
patients who attended an HIV clinic in New York City to assess ongoing risk
behaviors for HIV transmission. After learning that the result of an HIV
test was positive, 106 subjects (41%) had unprotected sex, 63 (25%) had a
new sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and 38 (15%) used injection drugs.
Unprotected sex was reported by 50% of women, 29% of heterosexual men (P=.006,
compared with women), and 42% of men who have sex with men, and it was reported
more often by persons with a history of trading sex for money or drugs (P<.001).
In multivariate analysis, unprotected sex was associated with a history of
trading sex for money or drugs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.0; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 2.2-7.0) and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (AOR,
1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1). Ongoing risk-reduction counseling and substance abuse
treatment for HIV-infected persons are needed to reduce behaviors associated
with HIV transmission.