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All Agents >> Blister Agents >> SULFUR MUSTARD >> Additional Sampling and Analysis Information

Additional Sampling and Analysis Information
Blister Agent: SULFUR MUSTARD

• AIR MATRIX
  Carrick WA, Cooper DB, Muir B [2001]. Retrospective identification of chemical warfare agents by high-temperature automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 925(1-2):241-249.
  
  Suryanarayana MVS, Shrivastava RK, Pandey D, Vaidyanathaswamy R, Mahajan S, Bhoumik D [2001]. Simple time weighted average level air-monitoring method for sulfur mustard in work places. J Chromatogr A 907(1-2):229-234.
  
  Trap HC, Langenberg JP [1999]. Semi-continuous high speed gas analysis of generated vapors of chemical warfare agents. HRC-J High Resol Chromogr 22(3):153-158.
  
  

• OTHER
  No references were identified for this sampling matrix for this agent.
  
  

• SOIL MATRIX
  Beck NV, Carrick WA, Cooper DB, Muir B [2001]. Extraction of thiodiglycol from soil using pressurized liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 907(1-2)221-227.
  
  Black RM, Clarke RJ, Cooper DB, Read RW, Utley D [1993]. Application of headspace analysis, solvent extraction, thermal desorption and gas chromatography––mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples containing sulphur mustard and related compounds. J Chromatogr A 637(1):71-80.
  
  Gresham GL, Groenewold GS, Appelhans AD, Olson JE, Benson MT, Jeffery MT, Rowland B, Weibel MA [2001]. Static secondary ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS2) characterization of the chemical warfare agent HD on soil particle surfaces. Int J Mass Spectrom 208(1-3):135-145.
  
  Hooijschuur EWJ, Kientz CE, Brinkman UAT [1999]. Determination of the sulfur mustard hydrolysis product thiodiglycol by microcolumn liquid chromatography coupled on-line with sulfur flame photometric detection using large-volume injections and peak compression. J Chromatogr A 849(2):433-444.
  
  Kimm GL, Hook GL, Smith PA [2002]. Application of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for detection of the chemical warfare agent bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide in soil. J Chromatogr A 971(1-2):185-191.
  
  

• SURFACES
  Mazurek M, Witkiewicz Z, Popiel S, Śliwakowski M [2001]. Capillary gas chromatography–atomic emission spectroscopy–mass spectrometry analysis of sulphur mustard and transformation products in a block recovered from the Baltic Sea.
  J Chromatogr A 919(1):133-145.
  
  
  

• WATER
  Buchanan MV, Hettich RL, Hai XJ, Waters LC, Watson A [1995]. Low level detection of chemical agent simulants in meat and milk by ion trap mass spectrometry. J Hazard Mater 42(1):49-59.
  
  Creasy WR, Stuff JR, Williams B, Morrissey K, Mays J, Duevel R, Durst HD [1997]. Identification of chemical-weapons-related compounds in decontamination solutions and other matrices by multiple chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr A 774(1-2):253-263.
  
  Hooijschuur EWJ, Kientz CE, Brinkman UAT [2001]. Application of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection for the screening of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water and soil.
  J Chromatogr A 928(2):187-199.
  
  
  Kientz CE, Verweij A, Dejong GJ, et al. [1992]. Verification of nonproduction of chemical warfare agents. 2. Large volume injections in microcolumn liquid-chromatography using flame photometric detection. J Microcolumn 4(6):477 483.
  
  Maisonneuve A, Callebat I, Debordes L, Coppet L [1992]. Specific and sensitive quantitation of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide (sulphur mustard) in water, plasma and blood: application to toxicokinetic study in the rat after intravenous intoxication. J Chromatogr 583(2):155-165.
  
  Tomkins BA, Sega GA [2001]. Determination of thiodiglycol in groundwater using solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in the selected-ion mode. J Chromatogr A 911(1):85-96.