Researchers know that in women in premature ovarian failure something happens to stop the normal functioning of the ovaries; but in most cases, the exact cause is not clear.
Most research focuses on a problem with the follicles in the ovaries. Follicles in the ovaries start out as microscopic seeds. These seeds mature into eggs, which travel to the uterus for fertilization. Follicles also release the hormone estrogen, which is important for a woman’s overall health and bone health.
Most women have enough follicles to last until menopause. However, this may not be the case in women with premature ovarian failure.
Women with premature ovarian failure may fall into one of two groups:
- A woman with follicle depletion has no follicles left in her ovaries and there is no way to make more.
- A woman with follicle dysfunction may have follicles in her ovaries, but they are not working properly.
About 10 percent to 20 percent of women with premature ovarian failure have a family history of the condition. This finding suggests that some cases of premature ovarian failure can be genetic. However, genetics is not the only cause of premature ovarian failure.