Each year, more than 30,000 people are diagnosed with leukemia, aplastic anemia, and other life-threatening blood diseases.  At any given point in time, 6,000 of these patients are searching for their best and sometimes only hope for a cure—a bone marrow or blood stem cell donation from someone who shares their tissue type.  Because tissue type is inherited, patients will first look to their own family for a match; unfortunately, there is a 70% chance that patients will be unable to find a match within their own families.  If unable to find a match within the family, patients will most likely match someone of the same race or ethnicity and will look to the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) for a matching unrelated donor.  Adding more donors of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds to the NMDP Registry increases the likelihood that all patients will find the match they need.  

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Transfusion Medicine operates a Marrow Donor Center for the education, recruitment, and testing of healthy persons interested in becoming potential bone marrow or blood stem cell donors.  Persons registering for the Program are tested for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type, and this is entered in the national database maintained by the NMDP.  Registering involves filling out a consent form and a short medical questionnaire, and swabbing one’s cheek with a cotton swab.  Not everyone who joins the Registry will be called as a match for a patient.  However, if a local donor does match someone in need, the NIH Marrow Donor Center will notify and counsel the donor, and arrange for him/her to donate either one of two ways: through a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donation.  

Bone marrow donation is a surgical procedure that is done at a local NMDP-approved hospital.  While donors are under general anesthesia, doctors use special, hollow needles to withdraw liquid marrow from the back of the pelvic bones.  Many donors receive a transfusion of their own previously donated blood during the procedure.  After donation, donors can expect to feel some soreness in their lower back for a few days or longer.  Most donors are back to their normal routine in a few days.  The donor's marrow is completely replaced within four to six weeks.

PBSC donation takes place at the Apheresis Center in the NIH Department of Transfusion Medicine. To increase the number of blood-forming cells in the bloodstream, donors receive daily injections of a drug called filgrastim for five days before the collection.  Donors may experience headaches or bone and muscle aches during this time, as side effects of the filgrastim.  During the collection, the donor's blood is removed through a sterile needle in one arm and passed through a machine that separates out the blood-forming cells. The remaining blood is returned to the donor.  This process is similar to donating platelets.  All side effects resolve shortly after collection and most donors are back to their usual routine one to two days after donation.

The NIH Marrow Donor Center has a file size of approximately 55,000 donors and is always looking to educate, recruit, and register new donors.  The NMDP and the NIH Marrow Donor Center are especially committed to increasing the number of potential donors of minority background to allow more minority patients to find their “perfect match.” 

Please, anyone:

• with questions, concerns, comments
• hoping to learn more about the National Marrow Donor Program
• interested in joining the NIH Marrow Donor Registry or
• looking to set up a community registration drive

Contact:
The NIH Marrow Donor Center
6011 Executive Boulevard, Suite 357
Rockville, MD  20852
(office )  301-496-0572
(fax)  301-402-7979