In the Middle Ages, small-scale sculpture—most often carved out of boxwood, ivory, or alabaster—was found mainly in the form of religious statuettes on domestic altars or in private chapels. Such representations remained extremely popular throughout the Renaissance. Around 1440, however, artists in Italy began experimenting with a new type of sculpture, distinct in both material—bronze—and subject matter. The widespread interest in ancient history, literature, and art that defined the Renaissance prompted the revival of bronze statuettes after the antique. These works were intended to recall the majesty of monumental ancient sculpture and to emulate the miniature artistry of gems and cameos. They were also frequently inspired by small bronze Roman sculpture and often depicted pagan divinities—Venus, nymphs, fauns—as well as ancient heroes such as Hercules or Theseus.

This new type of small-scale sculpture was destined not for the chapel but for the collector's study, a private retreat designed for reflection and scholarly pursuits. It was in this intimate setting that bronze, boxwood, or ivory statuettes were meant to be viewed. Cradling them in the palm of their hand, collectors delighted in handling these precious works of art, admiring their multiple views, feeling their texture, and allowing the light to play on their shimmering surfaces.

The bronzes, boxwoods, and ivories on display attest to the unparalleled skill of sculptors of the 16th and 17th centuries, both north and south of the Alps.

Turn the Sculptures Yourself

To view select sculptures as their original owners would have, first choose a work from the bar at the left. Hold your mouse key and drag the sculpture to the left or right. For a full 360-degree view, point your mouse to the far left or right of the image until your cursor turns into an arrow. Then simply hold the mouse key down and watch the object turn.