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NIOSH Programs > Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities > Outcomes
Transportation, Warehousing and UtilitiesOutcomesOutcomes are events, occurrences, or conditions that indicate progress in achieving the purpose of the program. Outcomes reflect the results of a program activity compared with its intended purpose; or, outcomes may answer the question "Will these resources result in success or contribute to the success of what we want to accomplish?" Outcomes can be viewed from two different perspectives-ultimate and intermediate. For an occupational safety and health research program like the NIOSH Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities program, ultimate outcomes are reductions in a particular type of worker injury or illness. Injuries and illnesses have complex causes, and any effect of program activities on rates can take years to be seen. Therefore, outcomes are often measured on an intermediate timeframe. Intermediate outcomes are necessary steps that lead to ultimate outcomes-for example, reductions in the risk of a particular type of injury or illness. For occupational safety and health research programs, achieving intermediate risk reductions is as important as achieving the ultimate outcome of decreasing injury and illness incidence rates.
Controlled Flight into TerrainA main cause of worker deaths in aviation in Alaska has been the continuation of flights into poor visibility conditions (due to inadequate information, equipment, or expertise), resulting in controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). NIOSH Researchers examined the risk factors associated with CFIT among air taxi pilots in Alaska during 1990-1998. Intermediate OutcomesSafety interventions to reduce incidents involving CFIT include the following:
More information about interventions to reduce CFIT incidents is available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-115/pdfs/2002115g.pdf. ( Ultimate OutcomesIn Alaska , the number of fatal occupational crashes decreased from 11 per year during 1990-1999 to 7 per year during 2000-2004. In addition, the percentage of fatal occupational incidents due to CFIT declined by 12% (from 48% during 1990-1999 to 36% during 2000-2004). Helicopter LoggingHelicopter logging incidents in Alaska during 1992-1993 resulted in an extraordinarily high annual crash rate of 16% and a catastrophic pilot fatality rate of 5,000 deaths per 100,000 workers per year. Intermediate OutcomesNIOSH staff were instrumental in identifying the problem, providing an epidemiologic analysis, and working with stakeholders to build a consensus intervention. NIOSH researchers played a key role in organizing and facilitating the work of the Helicopter Logging Safety Committee, which developed a voluntary standard that went beyond Federal regulations for the industry. The standard included recommendations for more vigorous oversight; development of rigorous voluntary industry standards for equipment, maintenance, and training; exclusive use of multiengine rotorcraft; and more stringent controls on alcohol and drug use in this industry. In addition, insurers of helicopter logging enterprises agreed to offer discounts to companies that adhered to the standard. More information about safety interventions for helicopter logging in Alaska is available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-115/pdfs/2002115e.pdf .( Ultimate OutcomesOnly one fatal helicopter logging incident (in 1966) has occurred in Alaska since collaborative work began. Page last updated: July 21, 2005
Page last reviewed: April 25, 2008 Content Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Division of Safety Research |
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NIOSH Program:Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities |
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