In the Gulf of Maine Georges Bank region individuals may attain lengths of 150 cm and weights of 18 kg (Collette and MacPhee 2002). In the western Atlantic most individuals mature by age 5-6 when they reach approximately 47 cm total length (Nelson and Ross 1992, Templeman 1986). However, size at first maturity varies regionally; northern fish mature at smaller sizes than faster growing southern fish. Atlantic wolffish have lower fecundity compared to their relatives, the spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) and the northern wolffish (Anarhichas denticulus). Fecundity is related to fish size and body mass. A 60 cm female produces approximately 5,000 eggs while an 80-90 cm female will lay 12,000 eggs (Falk-Petersen and Hansen 1991).

At present, there is no fishery management plan for Atlantic wolffish in US waters.

The Fishery

Wolffish are taken primarily as bycatch in the Georges Bank Gulf of Maine otter trawl fisheries. During 2001 to 2005 otter trawl gear accounted for 75% to 98% of the wolffish landings, with gill nets and longlines accounting for almost all of the remaining landings.

Total USA commercial landings of Atlantic wolffish increased from 270 mt in 1970 to near 1,200 mt in 1983, but subsequently have continuously declined and reached a recent low of 118 mt in 2005 (Table 20.1, Figure 20.2 [Fig 20.2 Data]).

Research Vessel Survey Indices

Relative biomass indices of Atlantic wolffish in NEFSC spring and fall bottom trawl surveys have declined during the last two decades (Figure 20.3 [Fig 20.3 Data]). In both survey series, indices were relatively high and stable during the 1970’s but declined afterward. Since 2000, the indices have been at or near record low levels (Figure 20.3 [Fig 20.3 Data]).

Summary

Figure 20.3

Table 20.1 Recreational and commercial landings of Atlantic wolffish (thousand metric tons).