IUPAC Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology – Terms Starting with K
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kairomone
Semiochemical that is produced by one
organism inducing a response in an organism of another species
that is unfavorable to the emitter.
Related terms: allomone, synomone
kinetics (in chemistry)
Branch of chemistry concerned with measuring and studying rates
of chemical reactions.
[2]
ketone
bodies
Acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone, produced from
acetyl-CoA, mainly in the mitochondria of liver cells when
carbohydrates are so scarce that energy must be obtained from
breaking down fatty acids; beta-hydroxybutyrate is not itself a
ketone but is called a ketone body because, like the other
compounds, it is produced from ketones.
ketosis
Pathological increase in the production of ketone bodies, e.g., following blockage or
failure of carbohydrate metabolism.
kinetics (in toxicology)
See toxicokinetics
knock-down
Technique used to decrease the expression of a particular
gene in a cell or living
organism in order to define its function.
knock-in
Technique used to express a exogenous gene or to overexpress an endogenous
gene in a living organism
in order to define its function.
Note: In mammalian toxicology, this technique is most readily
applied to the mouse.
knock-out (in biology)
Technique used to inactivate a particular gene in a
living organism in order to define its function.
Note: In mammalian toxicology, this technique is most readily
applied to the mouse.
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