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Study Suggests Improved Treatments for Neuropathic Pain
Thursday, Jun 26, 2008
Two chemicals associated with neurodegeneration and inflammation play important and distinct roles in development of neuropathic
pain, a new study shows. The findings may lead to new treatments that can stop neuropathic pain from developing and alleviate
it after it begins.
Huntington’s Disease Protein Affects Nerve Signaling; Study Suggests New TreatmentsThursday, Jun 26, 2008
The abnormal protein found in Huntington’s disease (HD) leads to an unusually large amount of nerve signaling early in the
disease process, before other problems appear, a new study shows. Partially blocking these nerve signals prevents neuron
death and loss of motor function in fruit flies models of HD. The findings suggest possible new ways of delaying the onset
or slowing the progression of the disease.
Nanotech Treatment Shows Promise against Spinal Cord Injury in MiceMonday, May 19, 2008
In experiments on mice, scientists have shown that an injectable nanotech-based polymer stimulates axons to regrow all the
way across a spinal injury.
Combining MRI and PET Could Yield Dynamic Pictures of the BrainFriday, Apr 25, 2008
In experiments on mice, scientists report that they have successfully combined two brain imaging techniques – magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
New Mouse Model for Neurofibromatosis Yields Insights into Disease Process and TreatmentMonday, Apr 21, 2008
In a move expected to enhance the development of therapies for neurofibromatosis type 1, scientists have created an improved
mouse model for the disease.
Early Treatment Prevents Full-Blown Epilepsy in AnimalsFriday, Mar 14, 2008
For the first time, researchers have shown that treating epilepsy-prone animals with an anticonvulsant drug prior to the development
of chronic epilepsy can significantly reduce the number of seizures the animals experience, even after the treatment stops.
The study provides hope that researchers may eventually be able to prevent epilepsy in people who are at risk of the disorder
because of genetic mutations or other factors.
Reactions to Protein Stress in Neurodegenerative Disease – Sometimes Good, Sometimes Bad and Always UglyFriday, Mar 14, 2008
Research has shown that cells have a cleanup system for handling protein "stress," and some studies suggest the possibility
of developing therapeutic drugs that would work by giving the system a boost. But a new study published in Neuron suggests
that during prolonged stress, the cleanup system can suppress vital cell functions or even actively kill the cell.
Leptin Inhibits Seizures; Study May Lead to New Treatments for EpilepsyThursday, Mar 13, 2008
A new study shows that leptin, a hormone normally associated with eating and metabolism, can inhibit seizures in animal models
of epilepsy. The finding may lead to new ways of treating epilepsy. It also may help explain how the ketogenic diet, which
is sometimes used to treat epilepsy, reduces seizures.
An Over-Worked, Under-Appreciated Brain Cell Finally Gets its DueTuesday, Mar 11, 2008
As the cells that generate the brain's electrical signals, neurons tend to grab the limelight when it comes to studies of
brain function. Until recently, brain cells called glia have been mostly ignored, and their roles remain poorly understood,
despite the fact that they outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.
Study Identifies Possible Trigger for Parkinson's DiseaseMonday, Feb 25, 2008
A chemical interaction that blocks cells' ability to break down damaged proteins may trigger development of Parkinson's disease
(PD), a new study shows. Finding ways to overcome the blockage could lead to strategies for preventing the disease or stopping
its progression.
The Structure of an Important Drug Target Made Crystal ClearWednesday, Dec 5, 2007
Scientists have produced detailed 3-dimensional images of a common type of neurotransmitter receptor, the class of proteins
on the receiving end of chemical signals in the nervous system. The work, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
is expected to speed the development of drugs for a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
New Technique Removes Toxic Protein and Prevents Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease ModelWednesday, Dec 5, 2007
Increasing the activity of a key protein in the bloodstream slows the buildup of a toxic substance in the brains of mice with
the gene mutation for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It also prevents some memory problems, a new study shows. If the approach
works in humans, it may eventually lead to a way of preventing or halting AD.
Study Suggests Idebenone May Improve Neurological Function in Friedreich's AtaxiaWednesday, Dec 5, 2007
Results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II study of the antioxidant idebenone in children with Friedreich's ataxia
(FA) suggest that the treatment may lead to improvements in neurological function. It is the first placebo-controlled study
to suggest that the neurological deterioration associated with this disease can be slowed or reversed.
Monday, Dec 3, 2007
Researchers have achieved a major milestone in embryonic stem cell research: they isolated embryonic stem cells for the first
time from a cloned primate embryo. The technique, if developed in humans, could potentially be used to make personalized stem
cells to treat diseases without worry of rejection by the patient’s immune system.
A Rollercoaster of Seizure-Like Activity May Damage the Alzheimer's BrainTuesday, Nov 27, 2007
Although seizures are not a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brains of people with AD could be humming with
seizure-like activity, interrupted by quiet rebound periods that do more harm than good.
Cilia Malfunction Disrupts Brain Development: Study Helps Explain Joubert Syndrome, Other DisordersFriday, Nov 16, 2007
What goes wrong in developmental brain disorders? Recent genetic studies have suggested a surprising culprit in some of these
disorders: abnormalities in hairlike structures called cilia on the surfaces of cells. A new study shows that proteins associated
with cilia are essential for normal development of the brain’s cerebellum. The finding helps to explain a diverse and puzzling
group of developmental disorders.
Is It Just a Headache? Study Links Migraine to Brain Damage in MiceFriday, Nov 16, 2007
Migraine headaches are a source of disabling pain for millions of people. Now, a study in mice suggests that these headaches
may be linked to tiny areas of stroke-like brain damage. The findings suggest that treatment to prevent migraines may also
prevent longer-term cognitive problems.
Thursday, Nov 1, 2007
Using a clever genetic trick to generate dozens of different colors, researchers have for the first time visualized hundreds
of cells and their connections to each other in the brain. Over the past few years, researchers have developed variations
of proteins called fluorescent proteins that can appear in many different colors. Researchers reasoned that they might be
able to use these proteins to generate a range of different colors in cells in the same way that a television or computer
monitor can create almost unlimited colors by mixing red, green and blue.
Arthritis Drug Shows Promise for Reducing Brain Hemorrhage in Premature BabiesMonday, Aug 27, 2007
A drug that is commonly used to reduce the pain of arthritis may eventually be used in pregnant women with preterm labor to
lessen the risk of brain damage in very low birthweight babies, a new study suggests.
Blood Pressure Drug May Slow Parkinson's DiseaseFriday, Aug 3, 2007
For decades, scientists have tried to learn what causes the death of a select group of nerve cells in the brains of people
with Parkinson's disease (PD). New research identifies an unusual mode of activity in these cells that makes them exceptionally
vulnerable to toxins and stress and shows that a common drug can protect these neurons in animal models of PD. This work
suggests a possible new way to slow or prevent the disease.
Support Cells Trigger Neuron Death in ALSThursday, Aug 2, 2007
Star-shaped support cells in the brain secrete a toxin that kills motor neurons in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), two new studies show. The studies may lead to new ways of diagnosing and treating the disorder.
Lithium May Offer Relief from Rare but Devastating Neurological DisordersThursday, Aug 2, 2007
Lithium carbonate, a compound commonly used to treat depression, might also provide symptomatic relief for a group of inherited
movement disorders that includes the fatal disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1).
A Basic Recipe for PrionsMonday, Jul 2, 2007
Prions have been among the most controversial of infectious disease agents. These misshapen proteins have no DNA or RNA, so
many researchers have been skeptical of the idea that they alone can be responsible for disease. Now, infectious prions have
successfully been created in the laboratory for the first time, providing insight into how these deadly proteins form.
Therapeutics for Huntington's and Related Diseases Could Pack a One-Two PunchTuesday, Jun 5, 2007
Added to its devastating neurological symptoms, Huntington's disease (HD) carries with it a lesser-known horror. The genetic
mutation that causes the disease can grow larger, causing its symptoms – involuntary movements, dementia, and dramatic personality
changes – to grow worse across generations and even during a single lifetime. New research sheds light on how the mutation
grows and offers hope for locking it down.
Blood-Clotting Protein Could be a Target for Therapy against MSMonday, May 14, 2007
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune cells that patrol our blood for pathogens venture out of the bloodstream and attack
the brain. Researchers have found that leakage of a blood-clotting protein into the brain, once considered merely a sign
of damage in the MS brain, helps stimulate this attack.
Morality and the Brain: Is Choosing the Greater Good Rational or Just Cold?Thursday, May 10, 2007
You are adrift at sea in a lifeboat weighed down with too many people, including a wounded man who is near death. Do you
throw him overboard? Throughout history, philosophers have debated these kinds of moral dilemmas. Now, neuroscientists are
joining the discussion, but instead of asking how we should make moral choices, they're asking how our brains actually make
such choices.
Immune Cells Protect Against Alzheimer’s DiseaseWednesday, May 9, 2007
Immune cells in the brain help slow the accumulation of beta-amyloid that is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a new
study shows. The researchers also found that a specific immune system protein strongly affects mortality in a mouse model
of AD.
Disease May Push Nerve Cells to Their Breaking Point, LiterallyTuesday, May 8, 2007
In some neurological diseases, neurons might die in a surprising, yet relatively simple way: by breaking under mechanical
strain.
'Gateway' Gene Allows Brain Stem Cells to Grow into TumorsFriday, Apr 6, 2007
According to a new study, a gene that supports normal brain development also supports the growth of a brain tumor called glioblastoma.
Inner Workings of the Magnanimous MindWednesday, Apr 4, 2007
It’s an enduring mystery that taunts neuroscientists and evolutionary biologists. If the human brain evolved to maximize
its owner’s survival, why are we motivated to help others, even when it incurs some personal cost?
Large-Scale Gene Study Identifies Clues about Sporadic ALSTuesday, Apr 3, 2007
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have completed the first large-scale study of the role of common genetic
variation in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which occurs in people without any family history of the disease.
The results provide interesting hints about the causes of the disorder and can serve as a starting point for future studies.
‘Gene Chip’ Study Could Lead to Blood Test for Parkinson’s Monday, Apr 2, 2007
A new study has revealed 30 genes whose activity levels are altered in the blood of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD),
paving the way for a blood test and a better understanding of what causes the disease.
Better Prediction Could Mean Better Control over Epileptic SeizuresTuesday, Mar 13, 2007
Despite conventional wisdom that epileptic seizures are random and unforeseeable, a new study shows that people can sometimes
anticipate them, hinting at the possibility of treatments that could quell an oncoming seizure.
Sure You're Awake? Spit into this CupFriday, Mar 9, 2007
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identifies a chemical in saliva whose levels go up
when people are sleep-deprived and down when they are rested.
Trigger for Adult Brain Disease May Be Set During Brain DevelopmentMonday, Mar 5, 2007
A new study suggests that spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) – a genetic brain disease that manifests during adulthood –
begins with subtle problems in brain development that occur during infancy.
Stem Cells Make Neurons, and Tumors, in Rat Model of Parkinson's DiseaseThursday, Mar 1, 2007
In a new study that illustrates the promise and perils of stem cell therapy, scientists found that implanting human embryonic
stem cells led to dramatic functional improvement – but also to brain tumors – in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Brain Implant Teaches Neurons New TricksMonday, Feb 26, 2007
Using an electronic implant, researchers have altered the connections between cells in the motor control region of the monkey
brain, subtly altering the cells’ influence over movement. Similar devices might one day be used to “rewire” damaged parts
of the human brain and restore movement to people paralyzed by traumatic injury or neurological disease.
New Targets Found for Drug Development in Neuropathic PainThursday, Feb 22, 2007
New studies reveal that two proteins in the body play a role in neuropathic pain – pain and sensitivity from a nerve injury
that persist long after the nerve has healed. By zeroing in on these proteins, scientists hope to develop better drugs for
the condition.
In Brain, One Gene is Worth a Thousand WordsTuesday, Feb 20, 2007
Using microarray technology, researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have shown that people with
one variant of a gene that’s active in the brain have better episodic memory – the ability to remember events and facts –
than do people without that variant. The researchers are using the same technology to identify genetic risk factors associated
with neurological diseases.
Variation in HIV Protein Yields Clues to AIDS-Related DementiaThursday, Feb 8, 2007
In a move that could lead to better treatments for neurological complications of AIDS, researchers have identified a protein
variant in HIV that is associated with brain infection and dementia in people with the disease.
Low Serum Vitamin D Linked to Multiple SclerosisWednesday, Jan 31, 2007
A new study shows that multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to low levels of vitamin D in the blood, but it’s unclear whether
vitamin D deficiency is a causal factor in the disease or whether vitamin D supplements would protect against it.
Aggressive Brain Cancer Is Tied to Stem Cells ‘Gone Bad’Monday, Jan 29, 2007
The existence of rogue stem cells that refuse to die explains why an aggressive brain tumor known as glioblastoma typically
isn’t extinguished by radiation therapy. A study in the December 7, 2006 issue of Nature* shows that the therapy fails to
kill a small but potent fraction of cancerous cells – about 5 percent of those in the tumor.
Developing Tools to Detect Cognitive Impairment from Silent StrokesMonday, Nov 6, 2006
Scientists from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Canadian Stroke Network recently
wrapped up a workshop – the first of its kind – aimed at harmonizing clinical and research tools for assessing vascular cognitive
impairment (VCI), a common disability linked to stroke.
Gene Variants Linked to Risk of Stroke in Young WomenMonday, Nov 6, 2006
Specific variants of a gene called phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) significantly increase the risk of stroke in women aged 15-49,
a new study shows. The risk is magnified in women who smoke cigarettes. The study is the first to identify a possible interaction
between this gene and an environmental factor in triggering stroke. The results help to show how the gene contributes to
stroke risk and may lead to new ways of preventing stroke.
Enzyme Reverses Memory Loss in Alzheimer’s Mouse ModelMonday, Nov 6, 2006
Increasing the amount of a specific enzyme in the brain partially restores memory in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease
(AD), researchers say. The results could eventually lead to new treatments for AD or other neurodegenerative disorders.
Vitamin B3 Points Toward New Strategy For Treating MSFriday, Oct 27, 2006
Researchers have shown that a form of vitamin B3 is beneficial in mice with an MS-like disease. Although standard doses of
the vitamin would not be potent enough for long-term treatment of MS, the findings could be a step toward developing effective
drugs against the disease.
Researchers Identify Role of Protein Important for Stem Cell Growth; Study Leads to Recovery in Animal Model of StrokeWednesday, Aug 30, 2006
For the first time, researchers have found that a protein signal important in embryonic development promotes survival and
proliferation of stem cells. Stimulating receptors for this protein, called Notch, led to functional recovery in rats with
brain damage from stroke. The results suggest potential new ways of treating stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Organized Protein Network Discovered in the AtaxiasMonday, Aug 14, 2006
Scientists have recently announced discovery of a sophisticated network of interacting proteins that forms the basis for inherited
neurodegenerative diseases such as the ataxias. This network gives scientists new insight into the normal function of disease-related
genes. It also provides possible candidate sites for targeted therapies aimed at the ataxias and other progressive neurological
disorders.
Mutant Mice Exhibit Abnormal Social Interactions and Brain Changes; Possible Animal Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders Monday, Aug 14, 2006
A new study shows that inactivating a gene called Pten in a mouse model produces disturbances in social interaction and brain
organization that closely mirror human autism and related disorders. This is the first time scientists have developed an
animal model with both behavioral and cellular abnormalities similar to autism. These animals could provide important insights
into understanding the brain regions and neurochemical interactions that underlie in this mysterious disease.
Double-Agent MMP-9: Timing is Everything in Stroke TreatmentThursday, Aug 3, 2006
In a surprise twist, researchers have learned that a type of enzyme that contributes to brain damage immediately after a stroke
also plays a role in brain remodeling and movement of neurons days after stroke. Understanding the secondary role for this
enzyme in healing stroke damage may lead to new treatments for stroke and offer a longer window of time for treatment.
New Neurons are Born: Animal Model of Premature Babies Shows Evidence of Neuronal Recovery After Brain InjuryWednesday, Jul 12, 2006
Research funded in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) shows that mice with a brain
injury similar to that of many premature babies can generate new neurons that help to repair the damage. The study is the
first to show that substantial recovery from neonatal injury can occur in the developing brain. The finding helps to explain
why many children born prematurely with very low birth weight are able to overcome their early difficulties.
Javits Neuroscience Award Presented to Six Leading ScientistsWednesday, Jul 12, 2006
Six outstanding scientists who target neurological disorders at the cellular and molecular level were recently awarded the
prestigious Senator Jacob Javits Award in the Neurosciences. The award provides for up to seven years of research funding
from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the nation’s leading agency for research on the
brain and nervous system and a component of the National Institutes of Health.
Drug Prevents Brain Swelling After StrokeWednesday, Jun 14, 2006
A drug long used to treat diabetes significantly reduces brain swelling, neuron loss, and death after stroke in rats, researchers
have found. The finding may lead to improved ways of treating stroke and other disorders in humans.
Study Finds Loss of Small Nerve Fibers in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)Friday, May 19, 2006
A new study shows that a reduction in small-diameter nerve fibers is evident in the devastating chronic pain syndrome known
as complex regional pain syndrome-type I (CRPS-I), which was formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy. This finding
of nerve damage could provide a biomarker, or a specific physical trait, that clinicians could use in the future to help diagnose
and measure the natural history of CRPS.
Study Identifies Protein that Impairs Memory in Model for Alzheimer's DiseaseThursday, May 11, 2006
For the first time, researchers have identified a specific form of amyloid beta protein that causes memory impairment long
before amyloid plaques and neurodegeneration appear in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The finding may lead to
new ways of diagnosing and possibly even preventing the disease.
New Orthostatic Hypotension Treatment Reduces Symptoms Without Causing High Blood PressureTuesday, Apr 11, 2006
A drug traditionally used to treat myasthenia gravis shows potential benefit for reducing symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
without raising blood pressure when people lie down, according to results of a double-blind, controlled clinical trial.
Opening the Window of Opportunity: Neuregulin-1 Protects Neurons from Stroke Hours after the EventWednesday, Mar 8, 2006
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in adults in the United States. Currently, the only approved drug treatment for
acute stroke must be given within 3 hours from stroke onset. A recent study shows that a naturally occurring growth factor,
called neuregulin-1, can protect nerve cells and decrease inflammation in an animal model of stroke when administered as long
as 13 hours after the brain attack. This is the first study to show that neuregulin-1 can have a positive effect on the outcome
after stroke in animals and could lead to new drug treatments for people.
DCDC2: Demystifying and Decoding DyslexiaTuesday, Feb 28, 2006
A recent study shows that variations in a gene called DCDC2 may disrupt the normal formation of brain circuits that are necessary
for fluent reading, leading to dyslexia. After further research, genetic screening for these variations could identify affected
children early in their lives and possibly prevent the misdiagnosis of other learning disabilities that resemble dyslexia.
Genetics and Epidemiology Point to Future Treatment and Cure for Parkinson’s DiseaseMonday, Feb 27, 2006
Recent advances in scientists’ understanding of the genetics and epidemiology of Parkinson’s may point to ways to prevent
and, eventually, find a cure for the disease, according to scientists presenting at the World Parkinson Congress.
Advancements in Symptomatic and Neuroprotective Treatments Highlighted at First World Parkinson CongressThursday, Feb 23, 2006
At today’s World Parkinson Congress, the first international gathering of Parkinson’s researchers, health professionals, patients,
and caregivers, some of the world’s leading neuroscientists from the United States, Canada, and Sweden presented on innovative
therapies that show promise in controlling the symptoms of Parkinson’s, restoring lost function, and even altering the progression
of the disease.
Living with Parkinson’s: A Jekyll and Hyde ExistenceThursday, Feb 23, 2006
"I live a strange double life," said 37-year-old Tom Isaacs, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) ten years ago
and is a co-founder of the Cure Parkinson's Trust in the United Kingdom. "I am both Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde."
Expectations of Pain: I Think, Therefore I AmWednesday, Feb 15, 2006
While the theory that “mind over matter” exists is an ancient belief, the scientific studies to support this idea have remained
elusive. A new study provides brain imaging evidence that positive thinking interacts with and shapes the sensory experience
of pain. This study suggests that decreasing the expectation of pain can reduce both the pain-related brain activity and
perception of pain intensity. This knowledge may lead to new and effective ways to manage chronic pain.
Study Finds Biochemical Defect in Juvenile Batten DiseaseWednesday, Jan 25, 2006
For the first time, scientists studying a fatal childhood neurodegenerative disorder, juvenile Batten disease, have identified
a defect in transport of the amino acid arginine in cells from affected children. The finding helps researchers understand
how the disease develops and may lead to new ways of treating it.
EvoPrinter: New Tool for Finding Evolutionary Conserved DNA SequencesThursday, Dec 15, 2005
Scientists at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have developed a computer search tool that
rapidly compares DNA sequences among animal species to identify those sequences that have not changed during evolution. Studies
shows that these identified DNA fragments are often essential to gene function.
Scientists Discover First Gene for Tourette SyndromeThursday, Dec 15, 2005
A team of scientists has discovered the first gene mutation that may cause some cases of Tourette syndrome (TS), an inherited
neuropsychiatric disorder known for involuntary muscle and vocal tics.
Epilepsy Can Be Triggered by Support Cells in the BrainThursday, Dec 15, 2005
For decades, researchers have tried to understand what triggers clusters of neurons to begin signaling excessively in epilepsy.
A new study shows that, in many cases, the answer resides in star-shaped support cells called astrocytes. The finding may
lead to new ways of treating epilepsy.
Chemical Messenger Inactivates Cellular "Police" in Multiple SclerosisFriday, Oct 28, 2005
One of the fundamental mysteries of autoimmune diseases is how normally protective immune responses go bad. A new study sheds
some light on this issue by showing that a chemical messenger called interleukin 12, or IL-12, allows some white blood cells
to proliferate and damage healthy tissues. This finding may lead to new drug treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other
autoimmune diseases.
Study Identifies New Mode of Action for Ataxia GeneWednesday, Oct 19, 2005
For the first time, researchers have identified how the gene for a hereditary neurodegenerative disease called spinocerebellar
ataxia type 1 (SCA1) disables an important group of neurons in the brain. The findings improve understanding of how SCA1
and related diseases develop and may lead to new ways of treating them.
Toxic Interactions from Neighboring Cells May Be Necessary for Huntington’s diseaseTuesday, Sep 27, 2005
A new study suggests that interactions between different cells are critical for the development of Huntington’s disease (HD)
and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases. This study provides the first genetic evidence that cell-cell interactions
may be a necessary step in the onset of HD symptoms in a mouse model. This knowledge may lead to new therapeutic strategies
to treat HD.
Drug Screening Study Suggests New Treatments for Alzheimer'sMonday, Sep 26, 2005
While several treatments are currently available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), none of them can slow or halt the course of
this devastating disorder. In a new study, researchers have now identified three compounds that inhibit an enzyme believed
to be involved in the process that leads to AD. This discovery may lead to new treatments that can stop the disease process
in its tracks.
Gene Therapy Relieves Neuropathic Pain in RatsTuesday, Jun 28, 2005
Using a weakened herpes virus to deliver a neurotransmitter-related gene to sensory neurons alleviates pain for up to 6 weeks
in rats with chronic pain caused by nerve damage, a new study shows. The findings may lead to the first effective treatment
for people affected by this type of "neuropathic" pain.
Silencing Gene Activity Prevents Disease in Model for Huntington'sTuesday, Jun 7, 2005
Silencing the activity of a mutant gene prevents disease symptoms in a mouse model for Huntington's disease (HD), a new study
shows. The study is the first to directly target the underlying problem that causes HD, and it may lead to a new way of treating
this disorder.
TorsinA Protein Protects Against Neuron Loss in Model for Parkinson's DiseaseWednesday, Jun 1, 2005
A protein found naturally in the brain may protect against Parkinson's disease (PD), a new study shows. The findings also
may lead to an improved understanding of a disorder called early-onset torsion dystonia.
First Genetic Screen Reveals Possible Gene Loci for Neural Tube DefectsMonday, May 9, 2005
Dozens of investigators studying nearly 300 individuals from 44 families nationwide have narrowed down the hunt for genes
that may cause such birth defects as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Learning New Rules about the "Primitive" BrainWednesday, May 4, 2005
A new study sheds light on how people quickly learn associations such as “stop at red” or “go at green”. This study challenges
the current view of how specific brain areas help us learn rules and behave accordingly. The findings help to reveal how
the brain organizes and orders its functions and processes, systems that may be disrupted in disorders such as schizophrenia
and autism.
NINDS Announces New Javits Neuroscience Investigator AwardeesWednesday, May 4, 2005
Four prominent investigators were recently awarded the prestigious Senator Jacob Javits Award in the Neurosciences, which
provides for up to seven years of research funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
New Gene Therapy Vector May Lead to Treatment for Muscular DystrophyMonday, Apr 18, 2005
One of the biggest challenges in developing useful gene therapy is finding a way to get the beneficial gene into enough cells
of the body to effectively treat the disease. Now, researchers have shown in rodents that a virus called adeno-associated
virus 8 (AAV8) can effectively deliver a gene to all the skeletal muscles of the body. If it works the same way in humans,
this virus-based approach may allow the first effective gene therapy for muscular dystrophy (MD) and similar diseases.
Statins Prevent a "Sticky" Situation in the Formation of PlaquesWednesday, Mar 9, 2005
Studies have suggested that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, may also lower the risk for Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). A new study now suggests that some of the beneficial effects of the drug may be derived from a cholesterol-independent
activity. This research, performed in mouse cells carrying an AD-causing gene mutation, may help scientists understand the
clinical benefits of statins in AD.
TROY: A Newly Identified Stop Signal in the Pathway for Nerve RegenerationWednesday, Mar 9, 2005
One of the major puzzles in neuroscience is how to get nerves in the brain and spinal cord to regrow after injury. A new
study has identified a protein, TROY, that inhibits nerve cell repair and plays a role in preventing nerve regeneration.
This finding is an important step in developing new methods for treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and degenerative
nerve disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
Pain Reliever May Provide Clues for Treating Spinal Muscular AtrophyThursday, Mar 3, 2005
New research suggests that an off-the-market pain reliever called indoprofen may be a starting point for finding a new drug
to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a devastating childhood neurological disorder.
What's Old is New Again - Antibiotic Protects Nerves By Removing Excess GlutamateMonday, Feb 7, 2005
A new study shows that a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections increases survival rates and delays nerve damage
in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The antibiotic works by activating or "turning on" the gene encoding
the glutamate transporter in neurons. This finding may lead to new drug treatments for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers Identify Joubert Syndrome GenesMonday, Feb 7, 2005
Researchers have identified the genes for two different forms of Joubert syndrome, a rare developmental disorder that causes
coordination and movement problems and mental retardation in children. The findings allow genetic testing for some forms
of the disorder and provide valuable insights about how the human brain develops.
Serotonin Receptor Lets JC Virus Enter Brain CellsFriday, Jan 14, 2005
Researchers funded in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have identified the cellular
receptor for the JC virus, which causes the fatal neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
Generic medicines currently available may be useful in preventing the infection.
Anti-Cholesterol Drug May Block Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer’s DiseaseFriday, Jan 14, 2005
A drug designed to inhibit cholesterol production may also block the production of amyloid, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). In a mouse model of the disease, the drug reduced amyloid buildup by up to 99 percent and worked for up to 2 months
without any evidence of toxicity.
Maestro Leon Fleisher Uses “Two Hands” to Thank NIH Wednesday, Dec 8, 2004
“There is always hope,” said internationally renowned classical pianist Maestro Leon Fleisher during a recent visit to the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) to give thanks—in performance—for the innovative treatment he received at NIH and to the
NINDS physicians and scientists who helped to reverse his condition. Fleisher performed selections from his critically acclaimed
new CD, titled "Two Hands."
Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award Recognizes Eight Exemplary ScientistsWednesday, Nov 10, 2004
Eight noted investigators have been awarded the prestigious Senator Jacob Javits Award in the Neurosciences, which provides
for up to seven years of research funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The award,
which honors the late U.S. Senator Jacob Javits, is presented to investigators who have demonstrated exceptional scientific
excellence and productivity in research areas supported by the NINDS and who are expected to conduct cutting-edge research
over the next seven years.
Brain Imaging May Identify High Risk Stroke PatientsThursday, Oct 7, 2004
By using sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, researchers have been able to study early changes in the
blood-brain barrier (BBB), a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds and protects the brain, to predict a stroke patient's
outcome. This study showed that the patients who had disruption in the BBB were more likely to experience bleeding in the
brain and have a poor clinical outcome. The researchers say this technique could help identify patients who are most likely
to do the best with thrombolytic therapy, and to help clinicians offer additional therapies to those who might suffer complications.
Fact Sheet
Gene for Rapid-Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism FoundFact Sheet
Thursday, Sep 23, 2004
Investigators funded in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have identified the gene
responsible for a rare form of dystonia known as rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP).
Fact Sheet
Gene Silencing Prevents Brain Disease in MiceFact Sheet
Thursday, Sep 23, 2004
Scientists studying a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) have found an effective way to "silence" the mutant gene
allele or variant that causes the disorder while leaving the normal gene allele unaffected.
Fact Sheet
Study in Dogs Shows that Histamine is Key to WakefulnessFact Sheet
Thursday, Sep 23, 2004
Scientists studying an animal model of narcolepsy have found that histamine-activated brain cells are key to wakefulness.
The findings help to show why antihistamines, commonly used to treat colds and allergies, cause drowsiness and impair alertness.
Fact Sheet
Electrical Activity Alters Neurotransmitter Production in Frogs During DevelopmentFact Sheet
Tuesday, Aug 10, 2004
Scientists studying how the nervous system develops in frogs have found that altering the pattern of electrical signaling
in individual neurons changes the kinds of neurotransmitters they produce. While preliminary, the finding may lead to a new
understanding of how epilepsy and other neurological disorders develop and may even point to new ways of preventing or treating
these disorders.
Vaccine Reduces Parkinson's Disease Neurodegeneration in MiceWednesday, Jul 28, 2004
For the first time, researchers have shown that an experimental vaccine can reduce the amount of neurodegeneration in a mouse
model for Parkinson's disease. The finding suggests that a similar therapy might eventually be able to slow the devastating
course of Parkinson's disease in humans.
Fact Sheet
Study in Mice Links Growth Factor to Hereditary Motor Neuron DiseaseFact Sheet
Wednesday, Jul 7, 2004
Production of a growth factor in the spinal cord drops just before the onset of symptoms in an animal model of a rare, hereditary
motor neuron disease, scientists have found. The findings point to a potential new way of treating this disease, and possibly
other neurodegenerative disorders as well.
Fact Sheet
Senataxin Gene Linked to Juvenile-Onset ALSFact Sheet
Wednesday, Jun 23, 2004
Researchers funded in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have identified the gene
that causes a rare juvenile-onset form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The discovery of the Senataxin gene, on chromosome
9q34, may provide clues to the mechanisms of related brain disorders.
Fact Sheet
Valproic Acid Shows Promise for Treating Spinal Muscular AtrophyFact Sheet
Wednesday, Feb 18, 2004
One of the first studies of valproic acid as a potential therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) shows that, in cultured
cells, the drug increases production of a protein that is reduced or missing in people with the disorder. While preliminary,
the study suggests that valproic acid or related drugs may be able to halt or even reverse the course of this devastating
childhood disease.
Fact Sheet
Preconditioning the brain may protect against strokeFact Sheet
Tuesday, Jan 13, 2004
A December 2003 news article on genetic changes to protect the brain against a second larger stroke, prepared by the National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Fact Sheet
Promising Gene Therapy Tool May Suppress Epileptic SeizuresFact Sheet
Friday, Nov 14, 2003
A new gene therapy approach may one day stop seizures in people with common forms of epilepsy, according to a new study.
Researchers found that the new therapy suppressed focal seizures and seizure induced brain damage in rats.
Fact Sheet
Investigators Explore Selective Silencing of Disease GenesFact Sheet
Wednesday, Oct 15, 2003
A new strategy to shut down mutant gene expression in the brain may someday be useful to treat a wide range of hereditary
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases.
Fact Sheet
Study Links Restless Legs Syndrome to Poor Iron Uptake in the BrainFact Sheet
Monday, Aug 11, 2003
Results of the first-ever autopsy study of brains from people with restless legs syndrome (RLS) suggest that the disorder
may result from inefficient processing of iron in certain brain cells. The findings provide a possible explanation for this
disorder and may lead to new ways of treating the disease.
Fact Sheet
Study Provides New Information About Unruptured Brain AneurysmsFact Sheet
Monday, Jul 14, 2003
Results of the largest-ever international study of unruptured brain aneurysms provide a more comprehensive look at these vascular
defects and offer guidance to patients and physicians facing the difficult decision about whether or not to treat an aneurysm
surgically. The findings also suggest that the risk of rupture for most unrepaired small aneurysms (less than 7 millimeters
in size) is small.
Fact Sheet
Faulty Muscle Repair Implicated in Muscular DystrophiesFact Sheet
Wednesday, May 21, 2003
Researchers have revealed what may be a totally new cause for muscular dystrophy (MD). A recent study shows that a protein
defective in two types of late-onset MD plays a critical role in the normal repair of muscles.
Fact Sheet
Amid Ongoing Controversy, Researchers Find Opiates Relieve Chronic Pain From Nervous System DamageFact Sheet
Monday, May 12, 2003
A new study shows that opioid drugs taken orally could provide relief for some of the more than 2 million Americans suffering
with chronic pain resulting from damage to the nervous system.
Fact Sheet
What's in a Connection? A Look at Protein Patterns Within SynapsesFact Sheet
Monday, May 5, 2003
A new study has begun to unravel the mysteries of protein interactions that govern the strength of nerve cell connections,
or synapses, in the brain. The findings give researchers a better understanding of how synapses function during learning
and memory, and they may lead to new insights about such neurological disorders as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Transport Problems Cause Motor Neuron DegenerationThursday, May 1, 2003
A new study shows for the first time in humans that nerve cell transport problems could play a key role in the degeneration
of motor neurons, the nerve cells that control movement. The finding is an important step toward understanding the biology
of motor neuron diseases and could lead to the development of effective treatments.
Fact Sheet
Accurate and Affordable Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular DystrophyFact Sheet
Friday, Apr 18, 2003
Researchers have developed a simple and affordable blood test that detects the most common form of muscular dystrophy (MD)
in more than 95 percent of cases.
Fact Sheet
New Findings About Parkinson's Disease: Coffee and Hormones Don't MixFact Sheet
Thursday, Apr 17, 2003
Several large studies have shown that caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease
(PD) in men, but studies in women have been inconclusive. A new study shows that hormone therapy is a possible explanation
for the different effects of caffeine on PD risk in men and women.
Fact Sheet
A New Test for Myotonic Dystrophy: Exposing an Enemy That’s Too Big to SeeFact Sheet
Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003
Researchers have developed a genetic test that detects a common form of muscular dystrophy with 99 percent accuracy. The
accurate diagnosis of myotonic muscular dystrophy type 2 (DM2) allows researchers to fully describe its clinical features
for the first time.
Fact Sheet
Dystonia Protein Linked to Problem Common in Other Neurological DisordersFact Sheet
Monday, Mar 24, 2003
A new study links the protein that is impaired in the movement disorder torsion dystonia to a problem that is common to many
neurological diseases. The finding may point to new treatments for dystonia, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders.
Fact Sheet
Doubling Up: Researchers Combine a Common Dietary Supplement with an Antibiotic to Treat Lou Gehrig's DiseaseFact Sheet
Friday, Jan 31, 2003
A new study shows that combining the supplement creatine and the antibiotic minocycline significantly slows disease progression
and prolongs survival in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease.
Fact Sheet
Study Links Chronic Pain to Signals in the BrainFact Sheet
Tuesday, Jan 7, 2003
For centuries, doctors have tried to find effective ways to treat chronic pain, a devastating neurological disorder that affects
almost 90 million Americans. A new study shows that two proteins in the brain trigger the neuronal changes that amplify and
sustain this type of pain. The finding may lead to new ways of treating chronic pain.
Fact Sheet
Old Drug, New Use: New Research Shows Common Cholesterol-Lowering Drug Reduces Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms in MiceFact Sheet
Monday, Jan 6, 2003
A new study shows that a widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drug dramatically reduces symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)
in mice. Results of the study suggest that statins, which are commonly used to prevent heart attack and stroke, could be
a possible new treatment for MS and other autoimmune disorders.
Fact Sheet
Tumor-Tracking Missiles: Researchers Develop a Possible New Treatment Strategy for Deadly Brain TumorsFact Sheet
Tuesday, Dec 31, 2002
In spite of advances in neurosurgery and radiation techniques, the prognosis for patients with intracranial glioma remains
devastating. Now, researchers have identified a possible new treatment strategy for this common type of malignant brain tumor.
Fact Sheet
Study Identifies Gene That Prevents Nerve Cell DeathFact Sheet
Friday, Oct 25, 2002
Many neurological diseases occur when specific groups of neurons die because of nerve damage, toxins, inflammation, or other
factors. A new study suggests that activity of a single gene can stop neurons from dying regardless of what triggers this
process. The findings could lead to new ways of treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Fact Sheet
Study Finds Psychiatric Disorders are Common in People with Cerebellar DegenerationFact Sheet
Wednesday, Sep 25, 2002
A new study shows that most patients with movement disorders caused by damage to the cerebellum also have psychiatric symptoms.
The study suggests that patients with cerebellar diseases may benefit from screening and treatment of psychiatric symptoms.
Signaling Molecule Improves Nerve Cell Regeneration in RatsThursday, Aug 29, 2002
Scientists have made a key discovery that could lead to a new treatment for spinal cord injuries. Two research teams have
found that a dose of a signaling molecule called cyclic AMP (cAMP) given before an induced injury causes damaged nerve cells
to grow new fibers. This finding takes researchers a step closer to understanding and possibly treating paralysis in humans.
Fact Sheet
Another Reason to Avoid a Sugar High: Study Links High Blood Sugar to Mortality After StrokeFact Sheet
Friday, Aug 23, 2002
Stroke has long been regarded as an untreatable condition with potentially devastating consequences. But in recent years,
new treatments have markedly improved patients' ability to recover from stroke, and researchers now have a new clue about
how to further improve stroke treatment.
Fact Sheet
Rewiring the Brain: A Natural Chemical Improves Motor Skills After StrokeFact Sheet
Monday, Aug 12, 2002
A new study shows that a chemical naturally produced by the body helps improve motor skills after a stroke by stimulating
undamaged nerve fibers to grow new connections in the brain and spinal cord. Researchers say that infusions of this chemical,
called inosine, substantially improves brain function following strokes in rats. The study suggests a new potential for stroke
treatment amid ongoing research efforts.
Fact Sheet
Gene Therapy Repairs Neurological Damage in Animal Model for Rare Metabolic DiseaseFact Sheet
Tuesday, May 14, 2002
Using a disabled virus, researchers have delivered corrective genes directly to the brain cells of mice affected by a rare
lysosomal storage disease that causes mental impairment. The treatment not only halted progression of the disease but also
restored spatial learning and memory in the mice. The study is the first to suggest that cognitive problems associated with
a neurodegenerative disease might be reversed after the disease has begun.
Fact Sheet
Minocycline Delays Onset and Slows Progression of ALS in MiceFact Sheet
Thursday, May 2, 2002
The antibiotic minocycline delays onset and slows progression of symptoms in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), a new study shows. The study also revealed that the drug may work by blocking release of a molecule that triggers
cell death. The findings may lead to new ways of treating ALS or other neurodegenerative disorders.
Fact Sheet
Methylphenidate and Clonidine Help Children With ADHD and TicsFact Sheet
Tuesday, Apr 2, 2002
For decades, doctors who have treated children with both attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tics have been
warned not to prescribe methylphenidate (Ritalin), the most common drug for ADHD, because of a concern that it would make
the tics worse. Now, the first randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of methylphenidate and another drug, clonidine
(Catapres), has found that in fact these drugs do not adversely affect tics. The researchers also found that a combination
of the drugs is more effective than either drug alone.
Fact Sheet
Genetic Analysis of Childhood Brain Tumors Improves Diagnosis And Predicts SurvivalFact Sheet
Friday, Mar 8, 2002
Doctors who treat brain tumors and other kinds of cancer have long struggled to understand why some patients respond well
to therapy while others do not. In recent years, it has become clear that the answer lies at least partially in the genes.
Two studies now show that identifying the "genetic fingerprints" of some childhood brain tumors can greatly improve diagnosis
and predict patients' long-term survival. The findings help researchers understand how the tumors develop and may lead to
improved ways of treating them.
Fact Sheet
Scientists Identify Potential New Treatment for Huntington's DiseaseFact Sheet
Wednesday, Feb 27, 2002
A drug called cystamine alleviates tremors and prolongs life in mice with the gene mutation for Huntington's disease (HD),
a new study shows. The drug appears to work by increasing the activity of proteins that protect nerve cells, or neurons,
from degeneration. The study suggests that a similar treatment may one day be useful in humans with HD and related disorders.
Fact Sheet
Brain Produces New Cells in Multiple SclerosisFact Sheet
Tuesday, Feb 26, 2002
The brain produces new cells to repair the damage from multiple sclerosis (MS) for years after symptoms of the disorder appear,
according to a recent study. However, in most cases the cells are unable to complete the repairs. These findings suggest
that an unknown factor limits the repair process and may lead to new ways of treating this disorder.
Fact Sheet
Gene Linked to Epilepsy With Auditory FeaturesFact Sheet
Thursday, Feb 7, 2002
A new gene involved in a rare form of epilepsy, in which affected individuals may hear sounds that aren't there, has been
identified by researchers supported by the NINDS.
Fact Sheet
Parkinsonian Symptoms Decrease in Rats Given Stem Cell TransplantsFact Sheet
Wednesday, Jan 9, 2002
A new study shows that mouse embryonic stem cells transplanted into rats with brain damage resembling Parkinson's disease
spontaneously acquire many of the features of dopamine-producing neurons. Animals that received the transplants showed a
gradual reduction in their parkinsonian symptoms, and brain scans revealed evidence that the transplanted cells integrated
with the surrounding area and began to produce dopamine. The findings raise the possibility that embryonic stem cell transplants
may one day be useful in treating Parkinson's disease and other brain disorders.
Fact Sheet
Researchers Find Genetic Links for Late-Onset Parkinson's DiseaseFact Sheet
Wednesday, Dec 19, 2001
Recent studies provide strong evidence that genetic factors influence susceptibility to the common, late-onset form of Parkinson's
disease (PD). The findings improve scientists' understanding of how PD develops and may lead to new treatments or even ways
of preventing the disease.
Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet
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