Lathosterolosis: an inborn error of human and murine cholesterol synthesis due to lathosterol 5-desaturase deficiency.
Krakowiak PA,
Wassif CA,
Kratz L,
Cozma D,
Kovárová M,
Harris G,
Grinberg A,
Yang Y,
Hunter AG,
Tsokos M,
Kelley RI,
Porter FD.
Unit on Molecular Dysmorphology, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Lathosterol 5-desaturase catalyzes the conversion of lathosterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol in the next to last step of cholesterol synthesis. Inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis underlie a group of human malformation syndromes including Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, desmosterolosis, CHILD syndrome, CDPX2 and lathosterolosis. We disrupted the lathosterol 5-desaturase gene (Sc5d ) in order to further our understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying these disorders and to gain insight into the corresponding human disorder. Sc5d (-/-) pups were stillborn, had elevated lathosterol and decreased cholesterol levels, had craniofacial defects including cleft palate and micrognathia, and limb patterning defects. Many of the malformations found in Sc5d (-/-) mice are consistent with impaired hedgehog signaling, and appear to be a result of decreased cholesterol rather than increased lathosterol. A patient initially described as atypical SLOS with mucolipidosis was shown to have lathosterolosis by biochemical and molecular analysis. We identified a homozygous mutation of SC5D (137A>C, Y46S) in this patient. An unique aspect of the lathosterolosis phenotype is the combination of a malformation syndrome with an intracellular storage defect.
PMID: 12812989 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]