Notes and Sources
1 Letter from Sen. Murkowski to Mary J. Hutzler, dated December 20, 2001. See Appendix A.
2 Letter from Sen. Murkowski to Mary J. Hutzler, dated February 6, 2002. See Appendix A.
3 Annual Energy Outlook 2002, With Projections to 2020 , U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA-0383(2002), December 2001.
4 This analysis assumes the ban is effective in 2006.
5 Stillwater Associates, MTBE Phase Out in California-Draft Study for the California Energy Commission, February 18, 2002.
6 Energy Information Administration, National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2000,DOE/EIA-0581(2000) (Washington, DC, March 2000).
7 This assumption is consistent with other refining industry analysis. Hurdle rate is defined as the threshold at which an investment is deemed economical, and the model would proceed with such investment.
8 For further details of the PMM, refer to Petroleum Market Model of the National Energy Modeling
System, Energy Information Administration, February 5, 2001.
9 Peak production in June 2000, according to EIA-819M, Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/monthly_oxygenate_report/historical/200
1/2001_12/pdf/tabled4.pdf.
10 In addition to MTBE, California has banned other ethers.
11Section 153 of H.R. 4 and Section 817 of S. 1766 formalize DOE's January 2001 administrative decision to accept biodiesel for credit under EPAct. See http://www.ott.doe.gov/epact/pdfs/biodiesel_guidance .
12 Biodiesel demand quantity for the purpose of this analysis was fixed to one of two values, a lower bound quantity due to EPAct or an upper bound quantity due to lubricity demand.
13 E-mail from K. Shaine Tyson of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Feb. 12, 2002.
14 Urbanchuk, John M. An Economic Analysis of Legislation for a Renewable Fuels Requirement for Highway Motor Fuels. November 7, 2001. Posted on National Biodiesel Board website.
15 E-mail from K. Shaine Tyson of the National Renewables Energy Laboratory, Feb. 12, 2002.
16 Phone call from K. Shaine Tyson of the National Renewables Energy Laboratory , Feb. 11, 2002.
17. Based on conversations with staff of the U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
18 Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, U.S. Department of Agriculture, An Analysis of Ethanol Production Under a Renewable Fuel Requirement, September 1, 2000.
19 International Fuel Quality Center, Issues Overview-DI-Driveability/Distillation Index, (www.ifqc.org),
January 2, 2002.
20 National Petroleum Council, U.S. Petroleum Refining – Assuring the Adequacy and Affordability of
Cleaner Fuels, Chapter 5, Washington D.C., June 2000.
21 National Petroleum Council, U.S. Petroleum Refining – Assuring the Adequacy and Affordability of
Cleaner Fuels, Appendix K, Washington D.C., June 2000.
22. Stillwater Associates, MTBE Phase Out in California - Draft Study for the California Energy Commission, February 18, 2002.
23 National Petroleum Council, U.S. Petroleum Refining – Assuring the Adequacy and Affordability of Cleaner Fuels, Chapter 5, Washington D.C., June 2000.
24 National Petroleum Council, U.S. Petroleum Refining – Assuring the Adequacy and Affordability of Cleaner Fuels, Appendix K, Washington D.C., June 2000.
25 National Biodiesel Board website ( www.biodiesel.org ), Fuel Facts, Chemical Weight and Formula
26 National Biodiesel Board website, Fuel Facts, Biodiesel Production and Quality
27 Graboski, Michael S. and McCormick, Robert L. Combustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels In Diesel Engines. Prog. Energy Combustion Sci.Vol 24,1998,p.127.
28 B100 is shorthand for 100 percent biodiesel .
29 E-mail from K. Shaine Tyson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Feb. 12, 2002.
30 Graboski and McCormick, pp. 131-132.
31 National Biodiesel Board website, Fuel Facts, Lubricity Benefits
32 Ibid.
33 It is said to smell like french fries.
34 www.afdc.doe.gov/pdfs/Bio_CleanGreen.pdf
35 Graboski and McCormick, pp. 135-137.
36 National Biodiesel Board website, Fuel Facts, Biodiesel Usage
37 www.afdc.doe.gov/pdfs/Bio_CleanGreen.pdf
1 Legislation to ban MTBE in Indiana on July 23, 2004 was signed by Governor O’Bannon on March 14, 2002. The State does not require RFG.