1991 Residential
Transportation Energy Consumption Survey
Executive
Summary
This report, Household
Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, is based on data from the 1991 Residential
Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS). Focusing on vehicle
miles traveled (VMT) and energy end-use consumption and expenditures by
households for personal transportation, the 1991 RTECS is the fifth in
a series conducted since 1978 by the Energy Information Administration
(EIA). Over 3,000 households with more than 6,000 vehicles were surveyed,
providing information on their vehicle stock and annual miles traveled
per vehicle. The information provided represents the characteristics and
energy consumption of the 84.6 million households with vehicles nationwide.
An additional 10 million households did not own or have access to a vehicle
during the survey year.
Use of residential
vehicles and fuels in 1991 showed little change from 1988 and was indicative
of the current state of personal transportation in America. Two noticeable
changes for 1991 were a small increase in the average number of miles
traveled both per household and per vehicle, and a slight decrease in
the average consumption of motor vehicle fuel per household. An increase
in the average fuel efficiency (miles per gallon-MPG), was the reason
for the decreased consumption. However, vehicle fuel expenditures per
household rose by 16 percent between 1988 and 1991, primarily due to a
21 percent rise in the price of vehicle fuel.
Results from the
1991 RTECS indicate that:
- Annual
vehicle miles traveled per household and per vehicle were 18.9 and 10.6
thousands respectively.
- The average
number of vehicles per household did not change between the 1988 and
1991 RTECS: Both surveys reported approximately 1.8 vehicles per household.
- The total
number of vehicles in the U.S. stock by vehicle type remained approximately
the same for 1991 and 1988. The exception has been minivans and sport-utility
vehicles (listed as jeep-like vehicles in previous publications), which
have almost doubled from 7 million to 12.4 million and are classified
as trucks for fuel efficiency standards.
- Approximately
9 percent of the vehicle stock consisted of pre-1975 models.
- Average
fuel consumption was 979 gallons per household and 548 gallons per vehicle,
both down slightly from 1988, though not statistically significant.
- In 1991,
the average on-road vehicle MPG was 19.3, up 5 percent from 18.3 in
1988. This change resulted from retiring old vehicles and purchasing
newer models which are more fuel efficient. The size of the increase
was limited by the increased sales of vehicles classified as trucks
(i.e., minivans and sport-utility), which have lower fuel efficiency
standards.
- In 1991,
households spent an average of $1,161 for vehicle fuel compared to $998
per household in 1988.
- Lower-income
households appear to be paying a larger percentage of their income on
vehicle fuel.
- Household
vehicles consumed 10.3 quadrillion Btu of vehicle fuel, the same as
in 1988. This represents approximately 31 percent of the 32.8 quadrillion
Btu of all petroleum consumption in the United States and 13 percent
of the total U.S. energy consumption of 81.1 quadrillion Btu.
- In 1991,
combined household energy expenditures were $2,333 for both their housing
unit and vehicles, with vehicle fuel purchases accounting for 50 percent.
In 1988 only 47 percent of household energy expenditures were for vehicle
fuel.
The 1991 RTECS
provides baseline information on motor vehicle use in the residential sector.
To be included in this survey one of two criteria must be met. Vehicles
must be (1) owned or used by household members on a regular basis for personal
transportation or (2) company vehicles, not owned by the household, but
kept at home and regularly available to household members. Data from the
RTECS and a companion household survey, the Residential Energy Consumption
Survey, are available to the public in published reports and on public-use
personal computer diskettes for the 1988 and 1991 surveys and on 9-track
tapes for all years.
Table ES1 summarizes
selected vehicle energy-related items from the 1991 RTECS. This table
allows the reader to easily discern energy information related to vehicle
characteristics. The household averages in this table are based on households
with vehicles.
Table
ES1. Summary of Vehicle Characteristics by Census Region, 1991
Vehicle
Characteristics |
U.S.
Total |
Northeast |
Midwest |
South |
West |
Number
of Households(millions) |
94.6 |
19.3 |
23.4 |
32.3 |
19.6 |
Number
of Households with Vehicles |
84.6 |
16.0 |
21.1 |
29.5
|
18.0 |
Number
of Vehicles (millions) |
151.2 |
27.0 |
38.4
|
52.7 |
33.2 |
Vehicle
Miles Traveled (billions) |
1,602 |
295
|
403 |
571 |
333 |
Vehicle
Fuel Consumption (billion gallons) |
82.8 |
14.1 |
21.3
|
29.8 |
17.6 |
Number
of Vehicles per Household |
1.8 |
1.7
|
1.8 |
1.8
|
1.8 |
Vehicle
Miles Traveled per Household (thousands) |
18.9 |
18.5 |
19.1
|
19.3 |
18.5 |
Vehicle
Miles Traveled per Vehicle (thousands) |
10.6
|
10.9 |
10.5
|
10.8 |
10.0 |
Vehicle
Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon) |
19.3 |
20.9 |
19.0 |
19.2
|
18.9 |
Note: Because
of rounding, data may not sum to totals.
Source: Energy Information
Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, 1991 Residential
Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.
Energy
Use in Transportation
Energy User Information
at a Glance
If you are
having any technical problems with this site, please contact the EIA Webmaster
at wmaster@eia.doe.gov
Release Date: November
8, 1999
|