1992 - SEPTEMBER 1995 81 citations from AGRICOLA by Diane Doyle Water Quality Information Center ************************************************************** This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Send suggestions for electronic bibliographies related to water resources and agriculture to wqic@nalusda.gov To locate a publication cited in this bibliography, please contact your local, state, or university library. If you are unable to locate a particular publication, your library can contact the National Agricultural Library (please see "Document Delivery Services" at http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb). ************************************************************** WATER QUALITY AND FORESTRY (II) 1. Aluminium speciation variations in an acidic upland stream draining the Hafren spruce forest, Plynlimon, Mid-Wales. Neal, C. J-hydrol v.164, p.39-51. (1995). Includes references. Descriptors: aluminum-; chemical-speciation; drainage-water; ph-; acidification-; upland-areas; simulation-models; catchment-hydrology Abstract: The speciation of aluminium in an acidic stream, draining a spruce plantation-forest in Mid-Wales is examined using an established model based on an equilibrium thermodynamic approach. Trivalent aluminium and aluminium complexes with fluoride, with dissolved organic matter and with silica were abundant: aluminium hydroxy-fluorides and sulphates were much less so. There is a large scatter in the results, primarily due to variations in stream water chemistry at a given pH, rather than to an effect of temperature. It is concluded that aluminium silica complexes can be an important part of the total dissolved aluminium concentration: at pHs > 5, they comprise typically 20% of the total dissolved aluminium in the stream water. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 2. Analysis of nitrogen saturation potential in Rocky Mountain tundra and forest: implications for aquatic systems. Baron, J. S.; Ojima, D. S.; Holland, E. A.; Parton, W. J. Biogeochemistry v.27, p.61-82. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: air-pollution; nitrogen-; deposition-; nitrogen-cycle; nitrogen-metabolism; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; forest-soils; tundra-soils; mountain-soils; subalpine-forests; leaching-; watersheds-; lakes-; streams-; water-quality; simulation-models; colorado- NAL Call No.: QH345.B564 ***************************************************************** 3. Application of the MAGIC model to the Glacier Lakes catchments. Reuss, J. O. Res-pap-RM. [Fort Collins, Colo.] : Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1978-. June 1994. (315) 19 p. Includes references. Descriptors: acid-rain; watersheds-; catchment-hydrology; streams-; water-quality; simulation-models; national-forests; wyoming-; medicine-bow-national-forest NAL Call No.: A99.9-F7632U ***************************************************************** 4. Artificial watershed acidification on the Fernow Experimental Forest, USA. Adams, M. B.; Edwards, P. J.; Wood, F.; Kochenderfer, J. N. J-hydrol v.150, p.505-519. (1993). In the special issue: Water Issues in Forests Today / edited by E.M. O'Loughlin and F.X. Dunin. Hydrology, November 22-26, 1992, Canberra, Australia. Descriptors: acid-deposition; watersheds-; forests-; streams-; acidification-; nitrogen-; sulfur-; calcium-sulfate; nitrate-nitrogen; ph-; electrical-conductivity; water-pollution; west-virginia Abstract: A whole-watershed manipulation project was begun on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, in 1987, with the objective of increasing understanding of the effects of acidic deposition on forest ecosystems. Two treatment watersheds (WS9 and WS3) and one control watershed (WS4) were included. Treatments were twice-ambient N and S deposition, applied via NH4SO4 fertilizer, with three applications per year. Three years of pretreatment data were collected and used for calibration. Stream water chemistry data collected during 3 years of treatment were evaluated. Stream water pH and electrical conductivity were not significantly affected by the elevated N and S inputs on either treatment watershed. On WS9, there were no statistically significant treatment effects on stream water export of Ca, SO4, or NO3 On WS3, however, stream export of both NO3 and Ca have increased as a result of acidification treatments. The implications of these results are discussed. Research is continuing so that the processes involved may be elucidated. In addition, effects on vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and amphibians also are being evaluated. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 5. Best management practices for forest road construction and harvesting operations in Oklahoma. Turton, D.; Anderson, S.; Miller, R. For-Ext-Rep-Coop-Ext-Serv-Div-Agric-Okla-State-Univ. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service. Dec 1992. (5) 32 p. Descriptors: water-quality; water-conservation; streams-; stream-erosion; forests-; roads-; road-construction; logging-; oklahoma- NAL Call No.: SD12.O5F67 ***************************************************************** 6. Best management practices for forested wetlands in the Southern Appalachian Region. Aust, W. M. Water-air-soil-pollut v.77, p.457-468. (1994). In the special issue: Wetlands of the interior southeastern United States / edited by C.C. Trettin, W.M. Aust, and J. Wisniewski. Conference on "Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation," held September 28-30, 1993, Knoxville, Tennessee. Descriptors: wetlands-; riparian-forests; bottomland-forests; forest-management; environmental-degradation; protection-of-forests; forestry-practices; environmental-impact; logging-effects; southeastern-states-of-usa; appalachian-states-of-usa NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 7. Biodegradation potential of hydrocarbon-assimilating tropical fungi. Oudot, J.; Dupont, J.; Haloui, S.; Roquebert, M. F. Soil-biol-biochem v.25, p.1167-1173. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: soil-fungi; aquatic-fungi; strains-; forest-soils; polluted-soils; sediment-; rivers-; petroleum-; contamination-; microbial-degradation; strain-differences; tropics-; indonesia- Abstract: Strains of hydrocarbon-degrading fungi were isolated from tropical polluted environments in Indonesia: a forest soil and the sediments of a river which had been contaminated by petroleum spills. The biodegradation potential of these isolates was monitored by measuring the degradation rate of total petroleum, saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes. Members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Emericella, Graphium, Acremonium, Eupenicillium and Talaromyces were identified. The most active strains in the assimilation of saturates and aromatics were Emericella nidulans, Graphium putredinis, Eupenicillium javanicum and Aspergillus flavipes. Some isolates degraded significantly the resins and asphaltenes. Monospecific cultures were as efficient as mixed cultures. The degradative capacities were not constant within a species and this metabolic activity cannot be used in taxonomic studies. NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6 ***************************************************************** 8. Biogeochemistry of an old-growth forested watershed, Olympic National Park, Washington. Edmonds, R. L.; Thomas, T. B.; Blew, R. D. Water-resour-bull v.31, p.409-419. (1995). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; veteran-or-remarkable-trees; rain-forests; national-parks; coastal-areas; temperate-climate; throughfall-; stemflow-; river-water; precipitation-; soil-solution; water-quality; biogeochemistry-; washington-; temperate-rain-forests Abstract: The biogeochemistry of a coastal old-growth forested watershed in Olympic National Park, Washington, was examined. Objectives were to determine: (1) concentrations of major cations and anions and dissolved organic C (DOC) in precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, soil solution and the stream; (2) nutrient input/output budgets; and (3) nutrient retention mechanisms in the watershed. Stemflow was more acidic (pH 4.04.5) than throughfall (pH 5.1) and precipitation (pH 5.3). Organic acids were important contributors to acidity in throughfall and stemflow and tree species influenced pH. Soil solution pH averaged 6.2 at 40 cm depth. Stream pH was higher (7.6). Sodium (54.0 microequivalent L-1) and Cl (57.6 microequivalent L-1) were the dominant ions in precipitation, reflecting the close proximity to the ocean. Throughfall and stemflow were generally enriched in cations, especially K. Cation concentrations in soil solutions were generally less than those in stemflow. Ion concentrations increased in the stream. Dominant ions were Ca (759.7 microequivalent L-1), Na (174.4 microequivalent L-1), HCO3 (592.0 microequivalent L-1 ), and SO4 (331.5 microequivalent L-1) with seasonal peaks in the fall. Bedrock weathering strongly influenced stream chemistry. Highest average NO3 concentrations were in the stream (5.2 microequivalent L-1) with seasonal peaks in the fall and lowest concentrations in the growing season. Nitrogen losses were similar to inputs; annual inputs were 4.8 kg/ha (not including fixation) and stream losses were 7.1 kg/ha. Despite the age and successional status of the forest, plant uptake is an important N retention mechanism in this watershed. NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34 ***************************************************************** 9. Buffer strip design for protecting water quality and fish habitat. Belt, G. H.; O'Laughlin, J. West-j-appl-for v.9, p.41-45. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: forestry-; streams-; lakes-; riparian-vegetation; design-; requirements-; habitats-; fishes-; water-quality; sediment-; biological-filtration; water-temperature; organic-debris NAL Call No.: SD388.W6 ***************************************************************** 10. Chemical time bombs related to forestry practice: distribution and behaviour of pollutants in forest soils. Mayer, R. Land-degrad-rehabil v.4, p.275-279. (1993). Special Issue on the June 1992 Conference of the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) / edited by G.P. Hekstra, E. Ivanova and J.H. Weverling. Descriptors: forest-soils; forestry-practices; acidification-; air-pollutants; deposition-; groundwater-pollution; soil-pollution; contaminants-; climatic-change NAL Call No.: S622.L26 ***************************************************************** 11. Concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon in streams in relation to catchment soil properties. Nelson, P. N.; Baldock, J. A.; Oades, J. M. Biogeochemistry v.19, p.27-50. (1992-1993). Includes references. Descriptors: forest-litter; leachates-; soil-properties; streams-; water-quality; watersheds-; carbon-cycle; victoria- NAL Call No.: QH345.B564 ***************************************************************** 12. A conceptual model for ecological risk assessment of bottomland hardwood forests. Vellidis, G.; Lowrance, R. Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1993. (93-2574) 23 p. Paper presented at the "1993 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 14-17, Chicago, Illinois. Descriptors: hardwoods-; bottomland-forests; forest-ecology; risk-; assessment-; water-quality; models-; georgia- NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P ***************************************************************** 13. Coniferous forests of the Colorado front range. A. Mixed species in unmanaged old-growth stands. B. Ponderosa pine second-growth stands. Graybill, D. A.; Peterson, D. L.; Arbaugh, M. J. Ecol-stud. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag. 1992. v. 97 p. 365-401. In the series analytic: The response of western forests to air pollution / edited by R.K. Olson, D. Binkley and M. Bohm. Descriptors: pinus-ponderosa; coniferous-forests; forest-trees; conifers-; mixed-forests; air-pollution; pollutants-; ozone-; growth-rings; increment-; temporal-variation; spatial-variation; growth-; colorado-; radial-growth NAL Call No.: QH540.E288 ***************************************************************** 14. Controls on soil solution chemistry in a subalpine forest in north-central Colorado. Arthur, M. A.; Fahey, T. J. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. July/Aug 1993. v. 57 (4) p. 1122-1130. Includes references. Descriptors: picea-engelmannii; abies-lasiocarpa; subalpine-forests; forest-soils; disturbed-soils; comparisons-; soil-solution; soil-chemistry; meltwater-; surface-water; solutes-; chemical-composition; acid-deposition; weathering-; soil-ph; soil-depth; geochemistry-; hydrology-; disturbed-land; colorado-; forest-disturbance Abstract: High-elevation ecosystems in the western USA are potentially susceptible to increased inputs of strong acids. A long-term research project was established to identify the processes controlling surface water chemistry and to evaluate the sensitivity of Loch Vale Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, to acid precipitation. Using lysimeters, we estimated the concentration and flux of major solutes in the Oie and B horizons in an old-grown Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] forest, and in an adjacent site disturbed by a snow avalanche. In the forested site, most solutes were highly concentrated in soil solutions during the initial stages of snowmelt, and concentrations declined rapidly to low levels in the first 4 to 6 wk of snowmelt. Surface water chemistry in Loch Vale Watershed is controlled principally by mineral weathering. During the early stages of snowmelt, however, the flushing of solutes, especially N, S, and C, from forest soils (which comprise only 6% of the study area) exerts an important influence. Rates of cationic denudation per unit area were 3.5 times higher in the forest (131 micromoles(c) m-2 yr-1) than in the whole watershed (38 micromoles(c) m-2 yr-1) probably because of H+ exudation from roots during nutrient uptake and the generation of organic acids in the forest soils. Rates of N mineralization and nitrification as well as concentrations of NO3 in the soil solution were higher in the second year after forest disturbance from a snow avalanche than immediately following the disturbance, indicating a delayed nitrification response. Significant amounts of NH4 and NO3 were temporarily stored in extractable forms in the soil during the first year after. mineral weathering can explain the total annual solute flux from Loch Vale Watershed, the effects of forest soil solutes may be important during the initial stages of snowmelt and following large-scale disturbance. NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3 ***************************************************************** 15. Cooperative ecosystem management in the ACE basin. Muckenfuss, E. J-for v.92, p.35-36. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: forest-management; resource-management; land-management; ecosystems-; wetlands-; estuaries-; multiple-use; sustainability-; water-quality; habitats-; wildlife-; projects-; south-carolina; ace-basin-porject; ashepoor-river; combahee-river; edisto-river; public-private-coalition; integrated-resource-management NAL Call No.: 99.8-F768 ***************************************************************** 16. Denitrification in riparian wetlands receiving high and low groundwater nitrate inputs. Hanson, G. C.; Groffman, P. M.; Gold, A. J. J-environ-qual v.23, p.917-922. (1994). Paper presented at the symposium, "Wetland Processes and Water Quality," November 3-4, 1992, Minneapolis, MN. Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; pollutants-; groundwater-pollution; denitrification-; riparian-forests; land-use; upland-areas Abstract: Wetlands potentially remove a high percentage of the groundwater-borne nitrate (NO3-) that moves from upland environments before it reaches streams. It is important to determine how much of the NO3(-) that enters wetlands is actually removed from the ecosystem by denitrification (conversion of NO3(-) into N2 gas) rather than cycled between plants and soil. We measured denitrification in riparian forests with upland to wetland transition zones (moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained soils) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) swamps (poorly and very poorly drained soils) on two sides of a stream. Soils on the two sides were similar, but the upland land use on one side was a high density, unsewered residential development (enriched site), while the upland on the other side was undeveloped (control site). Denitrification was measured using an acetylene-based intact core (0-15 cm) technique under unamended, water amended, and water plus nitrate-amended conditions. Denitrification (both unamended and amended rates) and soil and groundwater NO3(-) levels were consistently higher in soils on the enriched site. Estimates of annual denitrification ranged from < 5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 on the moderately well drained control site soil to nearly 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1 on the very poorly drained enriched site soil. Stimulation of surface soil denitrification by subsurface NO3- enrichment requires a complex interaction between hydrology, plant uptake of NO3, and movement of plant N into soil NO3(-) pools through litterfall, mineralization, and nitrification. Comparison of measured denitrification rates with estimates of groundwater NO3- loading suggested that denitrification may have removed up to 50% of the. NAL Call No.: QH540.J6 ***************************************************************** 17. Design of forest riparian buffer strips for the protection of water quality : analysis of scientific literature. Analysis of scientific literature. Belt, G. H.; O'Laughlin, J.; Merrill, T.; Idaho Forest, W. a. R. P. A. G. Moscow, ID : Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis Group, [1992] iv, 35 p.. "June 1992.". Descriptors: Riparian-ecology-Idaho; Riparian-forests-Idaho; Fishes-Idaho-Effect-of-logging-on; Fishes-Idaho-Effect-of-water-quality-on NAL Call No.: QH541.5.R52B44--1992 ***************************************************************** 18. Development of a riparian forest zone model: a conceptual approach. Inamdar, S.; Dillaha, T. A. I. Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1994. (94-2120/94-2155) 31 p. Paper presented at the 1994 International Summer Meeting, sponsored by the ASAE, June 19-22, 1994, Kansas City, Missouri. Descriptors: riparian-forests; streams-; fields-; sediment-; nitrogen-; phosphorus-; pollutants-; riparian-vegetation; mathematical-models NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P ***************************************************************** 19. Dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in moorland and forest Neal, C.; Hill, S. J-hydrol v.153, p.231-243. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: moorland-; nardus-; agrostis-; coniferous-forests; picea-sitchensis; streams-; stream-flow; carbon-; organic-compounds; inorganic-compounds; acid-deposition; deforestation-; wales- Abstract: Information on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and fluxes is presented for streams draining a matrix of acid moorland, conifer forested and harvested areas of Plynlimon, Mid-Wales. The results show six features. (1) pCO2 levels average 2.25 times the atmospheric value at 10(-3.15) for all the streams; excluding outlier points, 95% of the data lie in the range 0.2-5.4 times the atmospheric value. Although data scatter is high, the pCO2 levels tend to increase with decreasing pH. The flow-weighted pCO2 levels average 2.5 times the atmospheric value at 10(-3.1). (2) Flow weighted average DIC and DOC concentrations are similar for all the main streams, at about 55.1 micromolar DIC 1(-1) (range 46.9-60.8) and at about 143 micromolar DOC 1(-1) (range 121-159), respectively. (3) The DIC and DOC fluxes are similar for the main streams, at about 12.4 kg DIC ha(-1) year(-1) (range 11.5-15.6) and at about 32.7 kg DOC ha(-1) year(-1) (range 25.8-37.2), respectively. (4) DOC makes up about 72% of the total dissolved carbon concentration/flux in the main streams, and undissociated carbonic acid contributes more than 87% to the total DIC. (5) Deforestation leads to an increase in the DOC concentration and flux of about 29%; this increase persists for several years after felling. (6) There is a statistically insignificant change in the concentration and flux for DIC, and pCO2, with deforestation. However, the main streams contain lower bicarbonate concentrations under. felling. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 20. Dry deposition of nitrogen and sulfur to ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California. Fenn, M. E.; Bytnerowicz, A. Environ-Pollut v.81, p.277-285. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: pinus-ponderosa; pinus-jeffreyi; air-pollution; acid-deposition; pollutants-; nitrate-; ammonium-; sulfur-; ozone-; pine-needles; gradients-; california-; nitrogen-deposition-gradient NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52 ***************************************************************** 21. Effect of management on water quality in North American forests. Brown, T. C. T. C. 1.; Binkley, D.; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, C. Fort Collins, Colo. : The Station, 1994. 27 p. : ill.. "June 1994.". Descriptors: Water-quality-management-North-America; Forestry-management-North-America; Watershed-management-North-America; Water-pollution-North-America NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42--no.248 ***************************************************************** 22. The effects of a pelletised limestone treatment on drainage water acidity within a forest catchment in mid-Wales. Nisbet, T. R. J-hydrol v.150, p.521-539. (1993). In the special issue: Water Issues in Forests Today / edited by E.M. O'Loughlin and F.X. Dunin. Hydrology, November 22-26, 1992, Canberra, Australia. Descriptors: watersheds-; forests-; acid-deposition; drainage-water; acidity-; limestone-; aerial-application; ph-; calcium-; aluminum-; soil-water; streams-; runoff-; water-pollution; wales- Abstract: Three headwater source areas were identified within a strongly acidified forest catchment in the Llyn Brianne area of central Wales. Each received an aerial application of between 10 and 16 t ha-1 of limestone pellets (composed of powdered chalk, starch and bentonite) in November 1988. The pH, calcium and aluminium levels within soil water and stream water were assessed at fortnightly intervals over a 3 year period to determine the impact of the treatment on drainage water acidity. The results demonstrated the importance of identifying the effective source areas within a catchment and treating these with a readily available form of powdered limestone. Treatment with a pelletised form was unsuccessful in eliminating periods of low pH and high aluminium concentrations within the headwaters of the forested catchment. This was attributed to the slow breakdown and dissolution of the limestone pellets under the forest canopy and the reduced importance of the surface runoff pathways owing to pre-afforestation cultivation and drainage, and soil drying by the forest crop. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 23. Effects of forest age on surface drainage water and soil solution aluminium chemistry in stagnopodzols in Wales. Hughes, S.; Norris, D. A.; Stevens, P. A.; Reynolds, B.; Williams, T. G.; Woods, C. Water-air-soil-pollut v.77, p.115-139. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: stagnopodzols-; aluminum-; soil-solution; soil-water; b-horizons; surface-drainage; surface-water; picea-sitchensis; forest-plantations; age-; acidification-; forest-soils; wales- NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 24. Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of deposited nitrate determined from 15N and 18O measurements. Durka, W.; Schultze, E. D.; Gebauer, G.; Voerkellus, S. Nature v.372, p.765-767. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: picea-abies; coniferous-forests; forest-decline; air-pollution; deposition-; nitrate-; nutrient-uptake; leaching-; stable-isotopes; oxygen-; nitrogen-; rain-; springs-water; forest-plantations; liming-; bavaria- Abstract: Attempts to understand how atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects forest ecosystems have been hampered by the lack of a direct method to trace the fate of the deposited nitrogen. Nitrate originating in the atmosphere has natural abundances of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes that differ measurably from those of soil nitrate. Here we present an analysis of the isotope ratios of nitrate in spring waters from eight forested watersheds, ranging from apparently healthy spruce plantations to those in decline owing to acidification. We find that for the healthy, slightly declining and limed sites, only 16-30% of the nitrate in spring water originates directly from the atmosphere without being processed in the soil, whereas for more severely damaged sites almost all of the atmospheric nitrate finds its way directly into the spring water. This suggests that acid-induced forest decline significantly inhibits nitrate consumption by soil microorganisms and trees, and that liming to ameliorate soil acidification restores the consumption of atmospheric nitrate. Nevertheless, in limed ecosystems total nitrate output remains high because of internal nitrate production by the ecosystem. NAL Call No.: 472-N21 ***************************************************************** 25. Environmental concerns with the development of herbicide-tolerant plants. Goldburg, R. J. Weed-Technol-J-Weed-Sci-Soc-Am v.6, p.647-652. (1992). Paper presented at the Symposium, "Development of Herbicide-Resistant Crop Cultivars", Weed Science Society of America, February 6, 1991, Louisville, Kentucky. Descriptors: transgenic-plants; crops-; forest-trees; herbicide-resistance; herbicides-; weed-control; environmental-impact; groundwater-pollution; public-health; food-safety; nontarget-effects; private-sector; public-sector; policy- NAL Call No.: SB610.W39 ***************************************************************** 26. Erosion, sediment, and turbidity in New England forests. Martin, C. W.; Hornbeck, J. W. Technical workshop on Sediments, February 3-7, 1992, Corvallis, Oregon proceedings / Technical Workshop on Sediments. Washington, D.C. : Terrene Institute, [1993]. p. 75-80. Includes references. Descriptors: streams-; water-quality; erosion-; geological-sedimentation; turbidity-; logging-; logging-effects; new-hampshire; hubbard-brook-experimental-forest; forest-streams NAL Call No.: QE571.T42-1992 ***************************************************************** 27. Establishment of field experiments: experiments. Stuanes, A. O.; Abrahamsen, G.; Tveite, B.; Bjor, K. Ecol-stud. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag. 1994. v. 104 p. 24-33. In the series analytic: Long-term experiments with acid rain in Norwegian forest ecosystems / edited by G. Abrahamsen, A.O. Stuanes and B. Tveite. Descriptors: acid-rain; forest-plantations; irrigation-; irrigation-equipment; irrigation-water; sulfuric-acid; groundwater-; lysimetry-; lysimeters-; long-term-experiments; field-experimentation; experimental-plots; norway-; artificial-acid-rain NAL Call No.: QH540.E288 ***************************************************************** 28. Evaluating the effectiveness of forestry best management practices in meeting water quality goals or standards. Dissmeyer, G. E.; United States. Forest Service. Southern Region. Atlanta, Ga. : USDA, Forest Service, Southern Region, [1994] viii, 166 p. : ill.. "July 1994.". Descriptors: Water-quality-United-States; Forest-management-United-States NAL Call No.: 1--Ag84M-no.1520 ***************************************************************** 29. Field and laboratory quality assurance/quality control protocols and accomplishments for the Fernow Experimental Forest watershed acidification study. Edwards, P. J.; Wood, F.; Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa. Radnor, Pa. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, [1993] 15 p. : ill.. Cover title. Descriptors: Water-quality-United-States-Measurement NAL Call No.: aSD11.U56-no.177 ***************************************************************** 30. Foliar nutrients in sugar maple forests along a regional pollution--climate gradient. Burton, A. J.; Pregitzer, K. S.; MacDonald, N. W. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. Nov/Dec 1993. v. 57 (6) p. 1619-1628. Includes references. Descriptors: acer-saccharum; plant-nutrition; nutrient-deficiencies; leaves-; litter-plant; nutrient-content; cycling-; soil-pollution; acid-deposition; soil-toxicity; climatic-factors; forest-decline; lake-states-of-usa Abstract: Stressing agents such as defoliation, adverse climatic conditions, and pollutant deposition have the potential to alter forest nutrition. Several recent instances of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline and dieback have been associated with foliar nutrients deficiencies. This study assessed foliar nutrient status and cycling in five sugar maple dominated northern hardwood forests along a Great Lakes pollution-climatic gradient. Concentrations and contents in mid-July foliage and litterfall were determined at each site for N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, and Cu. Where differences existed among sites in foliar nutrient concentrations, they could be predicted primarily from soil properties. Two notable exceptions were foliar S, which was strongly related to S04 deposition, and foliar Al, which could be predicted by a combination of soil nutrient cation availability and SO4 deposition. Nutrient content of mid-July foliage and litterfall increased from northwest to southeast along the gradient for N, S, Mg, Al, Fe, B, and Cu. This was the result of an increase in foliage and litterfall biomass, combined in some cases (S, Al, Fe, and B) with increasing foliar nutrient concentrations. Reproductive effort significantly affected total litter return of all nutrients and 43 to 62% of mid-July foliar N, P, K, and S were conserved through retranslocation prior to litterfall. Sugar maple foliar nutrient concentrations for the five sites revealed no obvious nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, and provide a regional baseline against which the effects of long-term pollutant deposition and other stresses can be assessed in the future. NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3 ***************************************************************** 31. Forest management and wildlife in forested wetlands of the southern Appalachians. Wigley, T. B.; Roberts, T. H. Water-air-soil-pollut v.77, p.445-456. (1994). In the special issue: Wetlands of the interior southeastern United States / edited by C.C. Trettin, W.M. Aust, and J. Wisniewski. Conference on "Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation," held September 28-30, 1993, Knoxville, Tennessee. Descriptors: wetlands-; riparian-forests; bottomland-forests; forest-management; silviculture-; forestry-practices; habitat-destruction; wildlife-; community-ecology; logging-effects; clearcutting-; appalachian-states-of-usa; southeastern-states-of-usa NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 32. Forest practices as nonpoint sources of pollution in North America. Binkley, D.; Brown, T. C. Water-resour-bull v.29, p.729-740. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: water-pollution; streams-; water-quality; forest-influences; forest-management; usa-; canada- Abstract: Forest management activities may substantially alter the quality of water draining forests, and are regulated as nonpoint sources of pollution. Important impacts have been documented, in some cases, for undesirable changes in stream temperature and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrate-N, and suspended sediments. We present a comprehensive summary of North American studies that have examined the impacts of forest practices on each of these parameters of water quality. In most cases, retention of forested buffer strips along streams prevents unacceptable increases in stream temperatures. Current practices do not typically involve addition of large quantities of fine organic material to streams, and depletion of streamwater oxygen is not a problem; however, sedimentation of gravel streambeds may reduce oxygen diffusion into spawning beds in some cases. Concentrations of nitrate-N typically increase substantially after forest harvesting and fertilization, but only a few cases have resulted in concentrations approaching the drinking-water standard of 10 mg of nitrate- N/L. Road construction and harvesting increase suspended sediment concentrations in streamwater, with highly variable results among regions in North America. The use of best management practices usually prevents unacceptable increases in sediment concentrations, but exceptionally large responses (especially in relation to intense storms) are not unusual. NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34 ***************************************************************** 33. Forest water quality protection: a comparison of regulatory and voluntary programs. Hawks, L. J.; Cubbage, F. W.; Haney, H. L. Jr.; Shaffer, R. M.; Newman, D. H. J-For v.91, p.48-54. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: forests-; water-quality; legislation-; resource-conservation; maryland-; virginia-; nonpoint-pollution; best-management-practices NAL Call No.: 99.8-F768 ***************************************************************** 34. Functions and values of forested wetlands in the southern United States. Walbridge, M. R. J-For v.91, p.15-19. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: wetlands-; forests-; resource-management; water-quality; natural-resources; resource-conservation; southern-states-of-usa NAL Call No.: 99.8-F768 ***************************************************************** 35. Groundwater nitrate dynamics in grass and poplar vegetated riparian buffer strips during the winter. Haycock, N. E.; Pinay, G. J-environ-qual v.22, p.273-278. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; riparian-grasslands; riparian-forests; nitrate-nitrogen; retention-; buffering-capacity; winter-; groundwater-flow; hydrological-factors; catchment-hydrology; water-pollution; england- Abstract: Nitate retention in riparian buffer strips is well documented in summer periods, but the potential of winter retention within these zones is poorly documented. Two sites, grass (Lolium perenne L.), and poplar (Populus italica)-vegetated riparian strips, were investigated in southern England (River Leach). Groundwater flow was via subsurface pathways within the sites, NO3- concentration gradients and loading rates were calculated over the winter period. Nitrate retention was found to be linearly dependent on load rate. Nitrate retention occurred at the edge of the riparian zone. This was most obvious in the poplar site where all hillslope-derived NO3 was absorbed within the first 5 m of flow within the riparian strip. When loading rates into the sites increased, NO3 absorption migrated upslope from the riparian site. The poplar-vegetated riparian zone was found to be more resilient (99% retention of NO3-) than the grass-vegetated riparian zone (84% retention of NO3-) in the winter months. It is postulated that although vegetation has no active role in retaining NO3- in the winter, above-ground vegetative biomass does contribute C to the soil microbacterial biomass that is engaged in NO3- reduction in the winter months, this accounted for the greater efficiency of the poplar vegetated site. NAL Call No.: QH540.J6 ***************************************************************** 36. History of forest hydrology. McCulloch, J. S. G.; Robinson, M. J-hydrol v.150, p.189-216. (1993). In the special issue: Water Issues in Forests Today / edited by E.M. O'Loughlin and F.X. Dunin. Hydrology, November 22-26, 1992, Canberra, Australia. Descriptors: forests-; hydrology-; history-; catchment-hydrology; water-quality; literature-reviews; europe-; usa-; east-africa Abstract: Hydrology as a science and a technology is examined, as are some of the myths on the role of forests in hydrology and water resources. The history of catchment area research is traced, in Europe, in the USA and in East Africa, with particular reference to forest hydrology and, in the earlier years, to water quantity rather than water quality. The importance of associating physical process studies with hydrological systems' investigations, to enhance understanding of why particular catchments behave as they do, is stressed. Recent advances in hydrochemistry have been exploited to elucidate water flow paths within experimental catchments. Stimulated by requirements for research into acidification of surface waters, research catchments have proved to be valuable outdoor laboratories from which a much improved understanding of the flow processes has been achieved. Conflicting claims about the impacts of forestry are described and discussed. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 37. Hydrologic processes controlling sulfate mobility in a small forested watershed. Huntington, T. G.; Hooper, R. P.; Aulenbach, B. T. Water-resour-res v.30, p.283-295. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; sulfates-; pollution-control; groundwater-pollution; temporal-variation; georgia-; hydrologic-control Abstract: Hydrologic controls on sulfate mobility were investigated in a forested catchment in the Georgia Piedmont using a watershed mass balance approach. Variations in annual sulfate export were governed primarily by differences in runoff rather than by differences in sulfate deposition or in total annual precipitation. However, 2 years with similar total runoff had substantially different sulfate export. A residual analysis indicated that a shift in the concentration-discharge relationship accounted for 72% of the difference in sulfate export and that a change in the pattern of discharge accounted for the remainder of the difference. Stream water sulfate concentrations reflected past hydrologic conditions. Concentrations at the same discharge were higher following an extended dry period than following average periods. The elevation in stream water sulfate concentrations following dry periods persisted for several months. The influence of rainfall patterns on sulfate export underscores the need for long-term records to adequately characterize the acidification status of the watershed and to understand trends in water quality. NAL Call No.: 292.8-W295 ***************************************************************** 38. Hydrology of a forested wetland. Chescheir, G. M.; Amatya, D. M.; Giraud, F. M.; Skaggs, R. W.; Gilliam, J. W. Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1993. (93-2531/93-2550) 11 p. Paper presented at the "1993 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 12-17, 1993, Chicago, Illinois. Descriptors: wetlands-; forests-; hydrology-; water-quality; north-carolina NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P ***************************************************************** 39. The impacts of atmospheric N inputs on throughfall, soil and stream water interactions for different aged forest and moorland catchments in Wales. Stevens, P. A.; Norris, D. A.; Sparks, T. H.; Hodgson, A. L. Water-air-soil-pollut v.73, p.297-317. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: air-pollution; air-pollutants; nitrogen-; nitrate-; deposition-; throughfall-; rain-; soil-water; streams-; soil-pollution; water-pollution; moorland-; forest-soils; watersheds-; polluted-soils; stand-characteristics; forest-plantations; acidification-; nitrification-; leaching-; wales-; inorganic-nitrogen; stand-age NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 40. Impacts of coal pile leachate on a forested wetland in South Carolina. Carlson, C. L.; Carlson, C. A. Water-air-soil-pollut v.72, p.89-109. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: wetlands-; water-pollution; coal-; leachates-; vegetation-; pinus-taeda; phytotoxicity-; soil-water; acid-soils; soil-salinity; soil-acidity; dieback-; understory-; forest-trees; south-carolina NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 41. Influence of fertilized short-rotation forest plantations on nitrogen concentrations in groundwater. Bergstrom, L.; Johansson, R. Soil-Use-Manage v.8, p.36-40. (1992). Includes references. Descriptors: forest-plantations; ammonium-nitrate; application-rates; groundwater-pollution; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; sweden- Abstract: The influence of intensively fertilized short-rotation forest plantations on nitrogen concentrations in groundwater was studied by piezometer readings and water sampling over a two-year period in a sandy field growing willow (Salix spp.) and other species. The mineral-N content of the unsaturated zone was measured in soil samples collected to 0.9 m depth. Although piezometer readings suggested that deep groundwater could be affected, the concentrations of nitrate-N and ammonium-N were usually less than 1 mg per litre. There was also little mineral-N in the unsaturated zone, except for occasional peaks in the topsoil (0-30 cm) after application of fertilizer. We conclude that there is little risk of nitrogen contamination of groundwater in intensively cultured tree stands receiving up to 150 kg N/ha/yr as fertilizer. This is probably because willow can take up water and nitrogen from deep parts of the soil profile. NAL Call No.: S590.S68 ***************************************************************** 42. Influence of soil hydrological pathways on stream aluminium chemistry at Llyn Brianne, mid-Wales. Soulsby, C.; Reynolds, B. Environ-Pollut v.81, p.51-60. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; forests-; acid-deposition; rain-; soil-water-regimes; gley-soils; runoff-; storms-; stream-flow; aluminum-; acidification-; upland-areas; catchment-hydrology; wales- NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52 ***************************************************************** 43. Long-term sulfate dynamics at Lange Bramke (Harz) used for testing two acidification models. Lange, H.; Hauhs, M.; Schmidt, S. Water-air-soil-pollut v.79, p.339-351. (1995). In the special issue: Biogeochemical monitoring in small catchments / edited by J. Cerny, M. Novak, T. Paces and R.K. Weider. Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments," held September 18-20, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic. Descriptors: sulfate-; nitrate-; hydrogen-ions; soil-solution; runoff-; acidification-; elements-; anions-; cations-; mountains-; watersheds-; forest-soils; coniferous-forests; picea-abies; lower-saxony; magic-model; bem-model NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 44. Management impacts on water quality of forests and rangelands. Binkley, D.; Brown, T. C. T. C. 1.; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, C. Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1993. 114 p. : ill., maps. "November 1993.". Descriptors: Forest-influences-United-States; Rangelands-United-States-Water-supply; Water-quality-United-States NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42--no.239 ***************************************************************** 45. Measurements and modelling of ozone deposition to wet foliage. Fuentes, J. D.; Hartog, G. d.; Neumann, H. H.; Gillespie, T. J. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-G:-Ecol-sci. Berlin, [East Germany] ; New York, [N.Y.] : Springer-Verlag, 1983-. 1994. v. 36 p. 239-253. In the series analytic: Air pollutants and the leaf cuticle / edited by K.E. Percy, J.N. Cape, R. Jagels and C.J. Simpson. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held October 4-8, 1993, Fredericton, Canada. Descriptors: leaves-; foliage-; ozone-; deposition-; water-; rain-; dew-; canopy-; forest-trees; broadleaved-deciduous-forests; wetlands-; vitis-vinifera; vineyards-; ontario-; california-; leaf-wettness NAL Call No.: QH540.N3 ***************************************************************** 46. Methods to assess the water quality impact of a restored riparian wetland. Vellidis, G.; Lowrance, R.; Smith, M. C.; Hubbard, R. K. J-Soil-Water-Conserv v.48, p.223-230. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: water-pollution; animal-wastes; bioremediation-; water-quality; runoff-; riparian-forests; wetlands-; reclamation-; pollution-control; georgia-; wetland-restoration; nonpoint-source-pollution NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822 ***************************************************************** 47. Mixed conifer forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Miller, P. R. Ecol-stud. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag. 1992. v. 97 p. 461-497. In the series analytic: The response of western forests to air pollution / edited by R.K. Olson, D. Binkley and M. Bohm. Descriptors: coniferous-forests; mixed-forests; conifers-; air-pollution; ozone-; pollutants-; acid-deposition; phytotoxicity-; pinus-ponderosa; pinus-jeffreyi; growth-rings; increment-; growth-; spatial-variation; temporal-variation; mountain-areas; california-; radial-growth NAL Call No.: QH540.E288 ***************************************************************** 48. Mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. Peterson, D. L.; Arbaugh, M. J. Ecol-stud. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag. 1992. v. 97 p. 433-459. In the series analytic: The response of western forests to air pollution / edited by R.K. Olson, D. Binkley and M. Bohm. Descriptors: coniferous-forests; conifers-; mixed-forests; air-pollution; pollutants-; ozone-; phytotoxicity-; mountain-forests; pinus-ponderosa; pinus-jeffreyi; growth-rings; increment-; growth-; spatial-variation; temporal-variation; california-; radial-growth NAL Call No.: QH540.E288 ***************************************************************** 49. Modeling perspective of the deforestation impact in stream water quality of small preserved forested areas in the Amazonian rainforest. Forti, M. C.; Neal, C.; Jenkins, A. Water-air-soil-pollut v.79, p.325-337. (1995). In the special issue: Biogeochemical monitoring in small catchments / edited by J. Cerny, M. Novak, T. Paces and R.K. Weider. Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments," held September 18-20, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic. Descriptors: tropical-rain-forests; logging-effects; deforestation-; simulation-models; water-quality; streams-; sulfate-; anions-; cations-; acidification-; soil-organic-matter; organic-matter; reserved-forests; amazonas-; magic-model; water-chemistry NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 50. Modelling the long-term impacts of atmospheric pollution deposition and repeated forestry cycles on stream water chemistry for a holm oak forest in northeastern Spain. Neal, C.; Avila, A.; Roda, F. J-hydrol v.168, p.51-71. (1995). Includes references. Descriptors: quercus-ilex; forests-; watersheds-; streams-; forestry-practices; air-pollutants; deposition-; surface-water; water-quality; cations-; anions-; acidification-; simulation-models; spain- Abstract: Estimates based on the MAGIC model of the long-term effects on stream water quality of forest management cycles as well as of atmospheric pollutant inputs for a holm oak catchment in northeastern Spain, show that despite high pollutant sulphur inputs as well as substantial base cation loss from the catchment owing to forest harvesting, stream water has not deteriorated in any major way. Acidification of the catchment will continue, to a limited degree, unless either sulphur deposition is reduced by more than 60% or forest harvesting schemes are terminated. The detrimental changes in water quality owing to acid deposition and forestry harvesting practice in other parts of Europe are not observed in this regions because of high base inputs from the atmosphere and high base cation weathering rates within the catchment. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 51. Movement of nitrogen though and agricultural riparian zone. 1. Field studies. Clausen, J. C.; Wayland, K. G.; Saldi, K. A.; Guillard, K. Water-sci-technol v.28, p.605-612. (1993). Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on "Diffuse (Nonpoint). Descriptors: riparian-forests; pollutants-; sources-; water-quality; afforestation-; zea-mays; crops-; groundwater-pollution; nitrogen-; surface-water; water-pollution; pollution-control; connecticut- NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7 ***************************************************************** 52. Movement of nitrogen through and agricultural riparian zone. 2. Distributed modeling. Nikolaidis, N. P.; Shen, H.; Heng, H.; Hu, H. L.; Clausen, J. C. Water-sci-technol v.28, p.613-623. (1993). Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on "Diffuse (Nonpoint). Descriptors: riparian-forests; pollutants-; sources-; nitrogen-; groundwater-pollution; surface-water; water-pollution; movement-in-soil; mathematical-models; connecticut- NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7 ***************************************************************** 53. Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests: groundwater studies. Simmons, R. C.; Gold, A. J.; Groffman, P. M. J-Environ-Qual v.21, p.659-665. (1992). Includes references. Descriptors: riparian-forests; nitrates-; groundwater-; subsurface-drainage; seasonal-variation; water-table; soil-depth; ph-; soil-organic-matter; temperature-; spatial-variation; groundwater-pollution; wetlands-; upland-areas; rhode-island Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the removal of groundwater nitrate (NO3-) in different soil drainage classes within three riparian forests located in Rhode Island. A solution of NO3- and a conservative tracer [either bromide (Br-) or chloride (Cl-)] was applied in the growing and the dormant seasons to trenches upgradient of wetland locations with hydric soils (poorly and very poorly drained soils) and transition zone locations with somewhat poorly and moderately well-drained soils located immediately upslope of the wetlands. To assess removal, the change in groundwater concentrations of NO3- relative to the concentration of the conservative tracer was observed in monitoring wells located in each soil drainage class from June 1989 through April 1990. Removal of groundwater NO3- was consistently high in the wetland locations, generally in excess of 80% in both growing and dormant seasons. In the transition zones, attenuation was less than 36% during the growing season, and ranged from 50 to 78% in the dormant season. Attenuation in the transition zones was positively correlated with water table elevations. Transition zone attenuation was high in the dormant season relative to the growing season likely because high water tables during the dormant season caused the contaminant plume to be exposed to soil with higher organic matter. The results suggest that both wetlands and transition zones between wetlands and uplands can be important sinks for groundwater NO3. NAL Call No.: QH540.J6 ***************************************************************** 54. Non-target impacts of management practices on the soil arthropod community of ponderosa pine plantations. Moldenke, A. R. Proc-For-Veg-Manage-Conf p.78-103. (1992). Meeting held on January 14-16, 1992, Eureka, California. Descriptors: soil-arthropods; arthropod-communities; insect-communities; community-ecology; nontarget-organisms; nontarget-effects; glyphosate-; fertilizers-; acephate-; species-diversity; herbicide-residues; insecticide-residues; forest-soils; forest-plantations; pinus-ponderosa; california-; orthene- NAL Call No.: QH541.5.F6F67 ***************************************************************** 55. Nutrient interception by a riparian forest receiving inputs from adjacent cropland. Jordan, T. E.; Correll, D. L.; Weller, D. E. J-environ-qual v.22, p.467-473. (1993). Paper presented at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Symposium XVII, "Agricultural Water Quality Priorities, A Team Approach to Conserving Natural Resources," May 4-8, 1992, Beltsville, MD. Descriptors: groundwater-flow; riparian-forests; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-; ammonium-; carbon-; sulfate-; chloride-; ph-; nutrient-retention; spatial-variation; seasonal-variation; zea-mays; no-tillage-; maryland-; dissolved-organic-nitrogen; dissolved-organic-carbon Abstract: To investigate the ability of riparian forest to intercept nutrients leaving adjacent cropland, we examined changes in the chemistry of groundwater flowing from a corn (Zea mays L.) field through a riparian forest. This study provided a comparison to previous studies of a different forest. We sampled groundwater from a transect of wells, and used a Br- tracer to confirm that groundwater moved laterally along the transect through the forest. As groundwater flowed through the forest, concentrations decreased from about 8 mg/L at the edge of the corn field to <0.4 mg/L halfway through the forest. Dissolved organic N and NH4+ increased by less than 0.1 mg/L, and dissolved organic C did not change with distance. Sulfate remained constant with distance until midway through the forest, where it began to increase. Chloride concentration rose until midway through the forest, then fell. Values of pH increased from under 5 at the edge of the corn field to over 7 at the stream bank, perhaps as a result of the NO3- consumption. Most of the change in NO3- occurred abruptly at the edge of a floodplain within the forest. There the water table was closest to the surface and soil Eh below the water table was less than -90 mV. Such strongly reducing conditions may have promoted denitrification in the floodplain. In contrast, soil Eh on the adjacent hill slope was above 500 mV, too high to support denitrification. There were only slight seasonal changes in groundwater chemistry. We also studied the net annual accretion of sediment in the riparian forest by measuring changes in the elevation of the soil surface. There was little or no accretion in the forest, but along a path of overland storm flow there was net erosion. Thus, nutrient retention by this forest, in contrast with the forest we previously studied, was entirely a below ground process. Functional differences within sections of this forest and among different riparian forests suggest a need for research on the factors that control nutrient retention. NAL Call No.: QH540.J6 ***************************************************************** 56. Of endangered mollusks and forests: Managing stream habitats for aquatic species. Neves, R. J. Proc-Soc-Am-For-Natl-Conv p.144-147. (1992). Paper presented at a meeting on "American Forestry -- An Evolving Tradition," October 25-27, 1992, Richmond, Virginia. Descriptors: mussels-; endangered-species; water-pollution; forest-management NAL Call No.: SD143.S64 ***************************************************************** 57. Persistence of diflubenzuron on Appalachian forest leaves in stream water. Harrahy, E. A.; Wimmer, M. J.; Perry, S. A.; Faber, D. C.; Miracle, J. E.; Perry, W. B. J-agric-food-chem v.41, p.2191-2196. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: diflubenzuron-; insecticide-residues; persistence-; leaves-; forest-trees; streams-; nontarget-effects; nontarget-organisms; aquatic-organisms; water-pollution; west-virginia Abstract: The persistence of diflubenzuron on Appalachian forest leaves placed in stream water was examined using a new gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for analyzing the pesticide. Leaves came from trees aerially sprayed with Dimilin in the spring and left to weather during the growing season. The rain exposure minimizes loss of pesticide when the treated leaves are first immersed. After diflubenzuron coverage was measured, leaf samples were placed in a headwater stream and residual diflubenzuron was monitored as a function of time. During July and August, the amount of diflubenzuron on white oak decreased significantly (by 36% and 23%, respectively) within the first 48 h of stream incubation, reaching less than 10% of the original concentration within 3 weeks. In the December studies with yellow poplar, red maple, and white oak leaves, the rate of loss of diflubenzuron was slow. After 54 days in the stream, yellow poplar and red maple leaves retained 45% and 40%, respectively, of the original diflubenzuron and white oak showed no significant loss. In laboratory experiments mimicking the December field conditions, no significant loss of diflubenzuron was seen from yellow poplar leaves. In view of the persistence of diflubenzuron on hardwood leaves observed throughout the growing season to leaf fall, at low stream temperatures, nontarget aquatic organisms that consume these fallen leaves may be exposed to the pesticide for a significant period of time. NAL Call No.: 381-J8223 ***************************************************************** 58. Preserving the Deadwood Creek, Oregon, watershed. Kinney, R. J-pestic-reform v.14, p.11-13. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; water-quality; water-pollution; environmental-degradation; logging-effects; forest-management; herbicides-; oregon- NAL Call No.: SB950.2.A1J58 ***************************************************************** 59. Procedural guidelines for developing soil and water conservation practices in pinon-juniper ecosystems. Spann, C. L. Gen-tech-rep-RM. Fort Collins, Colo. : Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Oct 1993. (236) p. 159-161. In the series analytic: Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs. Proceedings of a symposium held April 26-30, 1993, Sante Fe, New Mexico. Descriptors: pinyon-juniper-; ecosystems-; soil-conservation; water-quality; water-conservation; national-forests NAL Call No.: aSD11.A42 ***************************************************************** 60. The response of soil physical and chemical properties and water quality to timber harvest and soil disturbance: preliminary results. Perison, D. M.; Lea, R.; Kellison, R. Gen-tech-rep-SO p.143-146. (1993). Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, held November 17-19, 1992, Mobile, Alabama. Descriptors: logging-; harvesting-; soil-physical-properties; soil-chemistry; water-quality; bottomland-forests; wetlands- NAL Call No.: aSD11.U57 ***************************************************************** 61. Riparian forest buffer system research at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Hubbard, R. K.; Lowrance, R. R. Water-air-soil-pollut v.77, p.407-432. (1994). In the special issue: Wetlands of the interior southeastern United States / edited by C.C. Trettin, W.M. Aust, and J. Wisniewski. Conference on "Wetland Ecology, Management, and Conservation," held September 28-30, 1993, Knoxville, Tennessee. Descriptors: riparian-forests; riparian-vegetation; grasses-; vegetation-management; clearcutting-; selective-felling; wetlands-; biological-treatment; waste-water-treatment; dairy-wastes; pig-slurry; aldicarb-; insecticide-residues; nutrients-; removal-; nutrient-uptake; simulation-models; nitrate-; denitrification-; water-quality; runoff-; groundwater-; groundwater-pollution; water-pollution; georgia- NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 62. Riparian nitrogen dynamics in two geomorphologically distinct tropical rain forest McDowell, W. H.; Bowden, W. B.; Asbury, C. E. Biogeochemistry v.18, p.53-75. maps. (1992). Includes references. Descriptors: groundwater-; hydrology-; ammonium-; nitrates-; nitrogen-cycle; leaching-; soil-texture; water-quality; watersheds-; tropical-rain-forests; puerto-rico NAL Call No.: QH345.B564 ***************************************************************** 63. Sediment rating curves for a clearcut ponderosa pine watershed in northern Arizona. Lopes, V. L.; Ffolliott, P. F. Water-resour-bull v.29, p.369-382. (1993). Includes references. Descriptors: pinus-ponderosa; watersheds-; clearcutting-; sediment-; stream-flow; discharge-; water-quality; erosion-; runoff-; measurement-; catchment-hydrology; arizona-; forested-watersheds Abstract: Data from a 455-acre clearcut ponderosa pine forest watershed in northern Arizona were used to identify relationships between suspended sediment concentration and streamflow discharge. Sediment rating curves were derived by geometric least-squares regression using 515 paired suspended sediment concentration and streamflow discharge measurements obtained from 1974 through 1982. Scatter about the straight line relationship was found when all available pairs of suspended-sediment-concentration and streamflow measurements were used together. The effect of some of the variation was offset by subdividing the data set on the basis of streamflow generation mechanisms. Improved descriptive power also was achieved when separate rising- and falling-stage data sets were considered in deriving the sediment rating curves. Most noticeable was the improvements within low-intensity, frontal rainfall events. There was no significant improvement in descriptive power when separate rising- and falling-stage data sets were considered in deriving the sediment rating curves for snowmelt-runoff events. Higher suspended sediment concentrations were observed during the rising stage of hydrographs than for similar flows on the falling stage, mainly for winter-rainfall with insignificant snow accumulation on the ground and rain-on-snow events. NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34 ***************************************************************** 64. Selected water-quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88. Selected water quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88. Caldwell, W. S.; North Carolina. Dept. of Environment, H. a. N. R. Raleigh, N.C. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO : U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor], 1992 [i.e. 1993] viii, 114 p. : ill., maps. Shipping list no.: 93-0172-P. Descriptors: Rivers-North-Carolina; Water-quality-North-Carolina-Analysis NAL Call No.: GB701.W375-no.92-4129 ***************************************************************** 65. A simple model of stream nitrate concentrations in forested and deforested catchments in Mid-Wales. Sloan, W. T.; Jenkins, A.; Eatherall, A. J-hydrol v.158, p.61-78. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; streams-; watersheds-; upland-areas; coniferous-forests; moorland-; temperature-; temporal-variation; seasonal-fluctuations; nitrogen-; deposition-; wales- Abstract: Abstract: A model is developed specifically for simulating the nitrate concentrations in a stream at approximately weekly intervals in an upland forested and a moorland catchment. It is constructed on the basis of observed nitrate concentrations in rain water and in two streams, the Hafren and the Hore, at Plynlimon, Mid-Wales, where long data records exist. The Hore catchmen has recently undergone extensive deforestation. A simple regression model relating temperature to stream nitrate concentrations was capable of simulating the seasonal fluctuations in nitrate concentration observed in the Hafren. However, this ignores the influx of nitrate through wet deposition and is incapable of simulating land-use change. The regression model was developed into a simple dynamic model which includes a deposition term and a biomass indicator. The extended Kalman filter algorithm was used to estimate the optimum values of the parameters and to assess the model structure. The model was applied to both catchments, and the fit between observed and simulated nitrate concentrations at the Hafren was good. At the Hore, the model was able to capture the major changes in nitrate concentration and through the deforestation and replanting phases although detailed short-term dynamics were not well represented. Finally, the model is related, speculatively, to processes which are known to occur in most catchments. This simple model is intended as a step towards the development of similar but more comprehensive catchment models of stream nitrogen dynamics. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 66. Site preparation burning to improve southern Appalachian pine-hardwood stands: nitrogen responses in soil, soil water, and streams. Knoepp, J. D.; Swank, W. T. Can-j-for-res. Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada. Oct 1993. v. 23 (10) p. 2263-2270. Paper presented at the "International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management: Ecology, Practice and Policy", held Apr 27-May 1, 1992, Auburn, Alabama. Descriptors: site-preparation; prescribed-burning; mixed-forests; pinus-; hardwoods-; soil-fertility; nitrification-; mineralization-; nitrates-; ammonium-; nitrate-nitrogen; soil-water; streams-; water-quality; nutrient-availability; nitrogen-; national-forests; north-carolina; nantahala-national-forest Abstract: Three paired watersheds treated with a fell and burn prescription were studied to determine the effects on soil, soil water, and strewn water. Soil nitrification and mineralization were measured by in situ closed-core incubation. Soil water was collected with porous cup lysimeters placed at 30 and 60 cm depths, and water samples were collected from streams draining control and burned areas on one of the three sites. All data were collected for 6 months prior to and 12 months after treatment. Soil ammonium (NH4(+)) content increased significantly in all three sites after burning, but the magnitude differed greatly among sites. However, there was no change in soil nitrate NO3(-) content. In situ measurements of net mineralization showed increased rates with increasing bum severity. Net nitrification displayed no treatment response. Slight and nonsignificant increases in soil water NO3(-) concentration occurred after burning in two of the three sites. Stream water NO3(-) concentrations increased in the one stream sampled. Thus, while prescribed burning increased available soil N, there was little change in N transformation rates or movement of dissolved inorganic N off site during the first year after burning. NAL Call No.: SD13.C35 ***************************************************************** 67. Solute fluxes and sulfur cycling in forested catchments in SW Germany as influenced by experimental (NH4)2SO4 treatments. Feger, K. H. Water-air-soil-pollut v.79, p.109-130. (1995). In the special issue: Biogeochemical monitoring in small catchments / edited by J. Cerny, M. Novak, T. Paces and R.K. Weider. Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments," held September 18-20, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic. Descriptors: watersheds-; biogeochemistry-; ammonium-sulfate; cycling-; sulfur-; coniferous-forests; picea-abies; nitrogen-cycle; nitrogen-; sulfate-; biological-activity-in-soil; nutrient-uptake; nutrient-content; acid-deposition; simulation-; streams-; water-quality; baden-wurttemberg- NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 68. Solution chemistry profiles of mixed-conifer forests before and after fire. Chorover, J.; Vitousek, P. M.; Everson, D. A.; Esperanza, A. M.; Turner, D. Biogeochemistry v.26, p.115-144. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: forest-soils; soil-solution; cations-; anions-; canopy-; leaching-; leachates-; forest-fires; prescribed-burning; forest-litter; understory-; water-quality; streams-; surface-water; coniferous-forests; throughfall-; california- NAL Call No.: QH345.B564 ***************************************************************** 69. Status of and attitudes toward aquatic macroinvertebrate monitoring on national forests and districts of the Bureau of Land Management. Angradi, T. R.; Vinson, M. R.; Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa. Radnor, PA : USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, [1995] 14 p.. Cover title. Descriptors: Water-Microbiology-United-Stares; Aquatic-resources-United-States; Ecosystem-management-United-States; Water-quality-Measurement-United-States; Forest-conservation-United-States NAL Call No.: aSD11.U56--no.200 ***************************************************************** 70. Stream chemistry impacts of conifer harvesting in Welsh catchments. Reynolds, B.; Stevens, P. A.; Hughes, S.; Parkinson, J. A.; Weatherley, N. S. Water-air-soil-pollut v.79, p.147-170. (1995). In the special issue: Biogeochemical monitoring in small catchments / edited by J. Cerny, M. Novak, T. Paces and R.K. Weider. Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments," held September 18-20, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic. Descriptors: watersheds-; clearcutting-; picea-sitchensis; forest-plantations; logging-effects; environmental-impact; water-quality; nitrate-; potassium-; streams-; aluminum-; chloride-; sodium-; sulfate-; acidification-; wales- NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 71. Streamside forests and the physical, chemical, and trophic characteristics of Piedmont streams in eastern North America. Sweeney, B. W. Water-Sci-Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.26, p.2653-2673. (1992). In the series analytic: Water Quality International '92. Part 6 / edited by M. Suzuki, et.al. Proceedings of the Sixteeth Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held May 24-30, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: river-water; water-quality; habitats-; quality-; riparian-forests; forest-influences; aquatic-communities; deforestation-; pennsylvania- NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7 ***************************************************************** 72. Sustainability of sewage sludge land application to northern hardwood forests. Crohn, D. M. Ecol-appl v.5, p.53-62. (1995). Includes references. Descriptors: sewage-sludge; organic-amendments; application-to-land; broadleaved-deciduous-forests; forest-soils; simulation-models; monte-carlo-method; application-rates; nitrogen-; nitrate-; leaching-; groundwater-pollution; soil-fertility; humus-; growth-; biomass-production; nutrient-uptake; new-hampshire; fortnite-; forsento- NAL Call No.: QH540.E23 ***************************************************************** 73. Symptoms of nitrogen saturation in a riparian wetland. Hanson, G. C.; Groffman, P. M.; Gold, A. J. Ecol-appl v.4, p.750-756. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: groundwater-pollution; nitrate-; wetland-soils; wetlands-; riparian-forests; nitrogen-; mineralization-; nitrification-; denitrification-; nitrogen-content; carbon-; soil-flora; litter-plant; nitrogen-cycle; rhode-island; soil-inorganic-nitrogen NAL Call No.: QH540.E23 ***************************************************************** 74. Three-component model of runoff generation, Lysina catchment, Czech Republic. Buzek, F.; Hruska, J.; Kram, P. Water-air-soil-pollut v.79, p.391-408. (1995). In the special issue: Biogeochemical monitoring in small catchments / edited by J. Cerny, M. Novak, T. Paces and R.K. Weider. Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments," held September 18-20, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic. Descriptors: watersheds-; aluminum-; metal-ions; hydrogen-ions; acid-deposition; runoff-; subsurface-runoff; simulation-models; streams-; discharge-; soil-water; stream-flow; seasonal-variation; forests-; oxygen-; stable-isotopes; czechoslovakia-; surface-runoff NAL Call No.: TD172.W36 ***************************************************************** 75. Toxicity to aquatic organisms of pond water contaminated by fenitrothion during forest spraying. Ernst, W.; Wade, S.; Hennigar, P.; Julien, G. Bull-environ-contam-toxicol v.52, p.612-618. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: fenitrothion-; spraying-; aquatic-organisms; rainbow-trout; daphnia-magna; nontarget-organisms; toxicity-; mortality-; ponds-; new-brunswick NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1; LNSU RA1270.P35A1 ***************************************************************** 76. Underestimation of dry deposition by throughfall in mixed northern hardwood forests. Rustad, L. E.; Kahl, J. S.; Norton, S. A.; Fernandez, I. J. J-hydrol v.162, p.319-336. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: mixed-forests; deposition-; air-pollutants; sulfate-; chloride-; throughfall-; stemflow-; catchment-hydrology; methodology-; maine-; canopy-mass-balance-method; catchment-mass-balance-method Abstract: Throughfall and catchment mass balance approaches were used to estimate dry deposition inputs of SO4 and Cl to the Bear Brook in Maine for the period November 1988-November 1992. For throughfall, dry deposition of SO4 and Cl averaged 320 and 261 eq ha-1 year-1, respectively, or 0.9 and 1.5 times the input in precipitation, respectively. The equivalent values for the catchment gave dry deposition of SO4 and Cl as 616 and 380 eq ha-1 year-1, respectively, or 1.7 and 2.2 times the input in precipitation, respectively. The lower estimates obtained by the canopy mass balance method are primarily attributed to an underestimation of the importance of conifers in intercepting dry and occult deposition, particularly in mixed hardwood-softwood canopies such as the Bear Brook. Although net throughfall is commonly used to estimate dry and occult deposition in forested catchments, dry deposition may be underestimated, particularly in uneven-aged, mixed hardwood-softwood forests characterized by occasional superdominant conifers. The uneven canopy architecture of such forests increases its aerodynamic roughness and thus its efficacy in capturing dry deposition. Mixed-species forests, resulting from both natural and anthropogenic disturbance, are a common component of the landscape throughout much of New England. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 77. Use of the gleams model to estimate pesticide overland and subsurface transport in USDA Forest Service nursery applications. Craig, J. P.; Weiss, R. C. Water-sci-technol v.28, p.425-429. (1993). Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on "Diffuse (Nonpoint). Descriptors: surface-water; water-systems; water-pollution; pesticides-; concentration-; usda-; forest-nurseries; drainage-water; models-; mississippi-; idaho-; michigan-; california-; ID: groundwater-loading-effects-of-agricultural-management-systems NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7 ***************************************************************** 78. Water quality and forestry--January 1990-June 1993. Emmert, B.; Makuch, J. Quick-bibliogr-ser. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library. Sept 1993. (93-65) 46 p. Descriptors: water-quality; forestry-; bibliographies- NAL Call No.: aZ5071.N3 ***************************************************************** 79. Water quality effects and nonpoint source control for forestry : an annotated bibliography. Craig, J.; United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Wetlands, O. a. W. N. S. C. B. Washington, DC : Nonpoint Source Control Branch, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [1993] ii, 241 p.. "Prepared by John Craig ..."--P. i. Descriptors: Water-quality-Bibliography; Forests-and-forestry-Bibliography NAL Call No.: Z5862.2.W3W38--1993 ***************************************************************** 80. Water quality in mountain ash forests--separating the impacts of roads from those of logging operations. Grayson, R. B.; Haydon, S. R.; Jayasuriya, M. D. A.; Finlayson, B. L. J-hydrol v.150, p.459-480. (1993). In the special issue: Water Issues in Forests Today / edited by E.M. O'Loughlin and F.X. Dunin. Hydrology, November 22-26, 1992, Canberra, Australia. Descriptors: eucalyptus-regnans; mountain-forests; water-quality; flow-; clearcutting-; logging-effects; regeneration-; roads-; usage-; maintenance-; runoff-water; sediment-yield; catchment-hydrology; australia-; base-flow; storm-flow Abstract: The purpose of the two catchment studies reported here was to allow the effects on water quality of road use and maintenance to be separated from the effects of a logging operation. In the first project, known as the Myrtle experiment, two small catchments in an old-growth mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forest were chosen for a paired catchment study of the effects on physical and chemical water quality (baseflow and stormflow) of logging under a strict code of practice and with no roads crossing runoff producing areas. In the second project, known as the Road 11 experiment, the effect on sediment production from unsealed forest roads of vehicle use and level of road maintenance was assessed. The Myrtle experiment showed that the harvesting and regeneration operation did not have a major impact on the stream physical or chemical water quality. Increases were detected in turbidity, iron and suspended solids at baseflows, but these were small in absolute terms and of similar magnitude to the measurement error. The stormflow data revealed no significant influence of the logging operation. The suspension of logging during wet weather, the protection of the runoff producing areas with buffer strips and the management of runoff from roads, snig tracks and log landing areas eliminated intrusion of contaminated runoff into the streams, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of logging. The Road 11 study determined that annual sediment production from forest roads was in the range of 50-90 t of sediment per hectare of road surface per year, with approximately two-thirds being suspended sediment and one-third coarse material. The use of gravel reduced sediment production, provided a sufficient depth of material was used. Increasing the level of road maintenance with increasing traffic load controlled sediment production rates, but when maintenance was not increased, sediment production increased by approximately 40%. The results indicate that by identifying the areas that produce runoff it is possible to prevent contamnated runoff reaching the streams. Roads, on the other hand, produce large quantities of sediment, even when well maintained, so careful consideration of their placement and management is paramount. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82 ***************************************************************** 81. Water-quality variations in a forested Piedmont catchment, Georgia, USA. Peters, N. E. J-hydrol v.156, p.73-90. (1994). Includes references. Descriptors: watersheds-; forests-; runoff-water; streams-; water-quality; storms-; diurnal-variation; chemical-composition; potassium-; nitrate-nitrogen; sulfate-; solutes-; transport-processes; acidification-; georgia- Abstract: Variations in runoff water quality were investigated at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), a 41 ha forested catchment in the Georgia Piedmont, from October 1985 to September 1988, to evaluate processes controlling solute transport. Routine weekly manual sampling was augmented by sampling during storms using a computer-controlled automatic water-quality sampler. Runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters typically had high solute concentrations at the onset of a rainstorm. The SO4(-2) and H(+) concentrations were higher in runoff from this outcrop than in the corresponding rain. These high concentrations were attributed to the wash-off of acidic-SO4(2-) dry deposition that had accumulated on the outcrop during the preceding dry period. In contrast, both NH4(+) and NO3(-1) were depleted in the runoff, probably because they were removed by the lichens and mosses covering the outcrop. Storm sampling of streamwater at the basin outlet indicated that NO3(-1) was mobilized during some summer storms, particularly in late July of each year. Also, SO4(2-) and alkalinity varied markedly during storms. As determined from the routine weekly sampling, the streamwater was sufficiently neutral to indicate that streamwater acidification by acidic atmospheric deposition was relatively unimportant: only 26% of the decrease in alkalinity was associated with SO4(2-) concentration increases. The storm data, however, indicated that streamwater acidification did not occur during the storms sampled, but that the median alkalinity was much lower and SO4(2-) concentrations were much higher than values determined from the weekly (base flow) sampling. The storm-sampling results. NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82
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