Ames, A.L., E.S. Van Vleet, and J.E. Reynolds (2002). Comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the Florida manatee (Order Sirenia) and bottlenose dolphin (Order Cetacea; Suborder Odontoceti). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 132(3): 625-34. ISSN: 1096-4959.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: The position, porosity and oil-filled nature of the zygomatic process of the squamosal bone (ZPSB) of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, suggest that it may have a similar sound conduction function to that of the intramandibular fat body (IMFB) of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and other odontocetes. To examine this possibility we determined the lipid composition of the ZPSB and adipose tissue from the dorsal part of the head region of the Florida manatee, and compared it to that of the dolphin IMFB and melon (another fatty area implicated in sound conduction in odontocetes). Lipids from manatee ZPSB and from adipose tissue were composed almost entirely of triacylglycerols. The most abundant fatty acids of the ZPSB were 18:1, 16:0, 14:0 and 16:1. The major fatty acids of the adipose tissue in the head were the four mentioned above, along with 12:0 and 18:0. Manatee samples did not contain isovaleric acid (iso-5:0), which was found in the bottlenose dolphin IMFB and melon, and has been related to sound conduction in dolphins and some other odontocetes. Thus, if manatee tissues are capable of sound conduction, and this process does occur through the ZPSB, a somewhat different suite of lipid components must support this function.
Descriptors: dolphins, lipids analysis, lipids chemistry, Trichechus manatus, adipose tissue chemistry, head, hearing, organ specificity, species specificity.
Ames, A.L., E.S. Van Vleet, and W.M. Sackett (1996). The use of stable carbon isotope analysis for determining the dietary habits of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Marine Mammal Science 12(4): 555-563. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: digestive system, ingestion, assimilation, nutrition, skeletal system, urinary system, blubber, carbon 13, dietary habits, Florida manatee, kidney, liver, sloughed skin, stable carbon isotope analysis.
Andrews, G.A., P.S. Chavey, L.M. Mazzaro, J.L. Dunn, and D.J. St. Aubin (2004). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate serum ferritin in the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). Zoo Biology 23(1): 79-84. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: immune system, chemical coordination and homeostasis, metabolism, methods and techniques, hemochromatosis, genetic disease, metabolic disease, ELISA, immunologic techniques, laboratory techniques.
Arai, T., T. Ikemoto, A. Hokura, Y. Terada, T. Kunito, S. Tanabe, and I. Nakai (2004). Chemical forms of mercury and cadmium accumulated in marine mammals and seabirds as determined by XAFS analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 38(24): 6468-6474. ISSN: 0013-936X.
NAL Call Number: TD420.A1E5
Abstract: Marine mammals and seabirds tend to exhibit high accumulations of mercury, cadmium, and selenium in their livers and kidneys. In this study, chemical forms of mercury, cadmium, and selenium accumulated in the livers and kidneys of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus),and black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) were studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to reveal the detoxification mechanisms of these metals. It was found that mercury and selenium exist in the form of HgSe in the liver of northern fur seal. Mercury levels were found to be higher than those of Se, based on their molar ratio, in black-footed albatross. XAFS analysis disclosed an existence of chalcogenide containing both Hg-Se and the Hg-S bonds, suggesting the existence of a solid solution Hg(Se, S) as granules in black-footed albatross. In contrast, Cd concentrations in the kidney were higher than those in the liver for northern fur seal, black-footed albatross, and Risso's dolphin. It was found that Cd was bound to sulfur, which was probably derived from the metallothionein, The Cd-O bond was observed in the tissues of northern fur seal.
Descriptors: Diomedea nigripes, Callorhinus ursinus, Grampus griseus, pollutants, cadmium and mercury accumulation, liver and kidney, chemical forms accumulated, liver, kidney.
Arnould, J.P.Y., I.L. Boyd, and A. Clarke (1995). A simplified method for determining the gross chemical composition of pinniped milk samples. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73(2): 404-410. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: lactation, metabolism, reproductive system, reproduction, energy, pinniped, lipid, milk composition, fur seals.
Aschfalk, A. and W. Muller (2001). Clostridium perfringens toxin types in hooded seals in the Greenland Sea, determined by PCR and ELISA. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 48(10): 765-769. ISSN: 0931-1793.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: seals, Clostridium perfringens, bacterial toxins, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, detection, incidence, feces, genes, pathogenesis, outbreaks, virulence.
Baker, J.D. and T.C. Johanos (2002). Effects of research handling on the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. Marine Mammal Science 18(2): 500-512. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: wildlife management, conservation, blood sampling, sampling method, flipper tagging, field method, telemetry instrumentation, field equipment, body condition, migration, research handling effects, survival, Hawaiian monk seal.
Boon, J.P., H.M. Sleiderink, M.S. Helle, M. Dekker, A. van Schanke, E. Roex, M.T.J. Hillebrand, H.J.C. Klamer, B. Govers, D. Pastor, D. Morse, P.G. Wester, and J. de Boer (1998). The use of a microsomal in vitro assay to study phase I biotransformation of chlorobornanes (toxaphene) in marine mammals and birds. Possible consequences of biotransformation for bioaccumulation and genotoxicity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 121(1-3): 385-403.
Descriptors: camphechlor, insecticides, side effects, aquatic animals, seals, physeter, experimentation, metabolism, agricultural chemicals, aquatic organisms, Carnivora, Cetacea, mammals, pesticides, Pinnipedia, whales, nontarget effects, marine animals, Phoca vitulina, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, Physeter catodon, Diomedea immutabilis, assays.
Notes: Forms and functions of cytochrome P450.
Boutilier, R.G., J.Z. Reed, and M.A. Fedak (2001). Unsteady-state gas exchange and storage in diving marine mammals: the harbor porpoise and gray seal. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281(2): R490-4. ISSN: 0363-6119.
Abstract: Breath-by-breath measurements of end-tidal O(2) and CO(2) concentrations in harbor porpoise reveal that the respiratory gas exchange ratio (R(R); CO(2) output/O(2) uptake) of the first lung ventilation in a breathing bout after a prolonged breath-hold is always well below the animal's metabolic respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.85. Thus the longest apneic pauses are always followed by an initial breath having a very low R(R) (0.6-0.7), which thereafter increases with each subsequent breath to values in excess of 1.2. Although the O(2) stores of the body are fully readjusted after the first three to four breaths following a prolonged apneic pause, a further three to four ventilations are always needed, not to load more O(2) but to eliminate built-up levels of CO(2). The slower readjustment of CO(2) stores relates to their greater magnitude and to the fact that they must be mobilized from comparatively large and chemically complex HCO/CO(2) stores that are built up in the blood and tissues during the breath-hold. These data, and similar measurements on gray seals (12), indicate that it is the readjustment of metabolic RQ and not O(2) stores per se that governs the amount of time an animal must spend ventilating at the surface after a dive.
Descriptors: diving physiology, porpoises physiology, pulmonary gas exchange physiology, respiration, seals, earless physiology, oxygen metabolism, time factors.
Buchanan, F.C., L.D. Maies, T.D. Thue, B.G.E. De March, and R.E.A. Stewart (1998). Microsatellites from the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosamurs rosmarus. Molecular Ecology 7(8): 1083-1085. ISSN: 0962-1083.
NAL Call Number: QH540.M64
Descriptors: marine ecology, environmental sciences, methods and techniques, population genetics, population studies, allele frequency distribution, expected heterozygosity, population structure, stock identification, walrus, microsatellites.
Budge, S.M., M.H. Cooper, and S.J. Iverson (2004). Demonstration of the deposition and modification of dietary fatty acids in pinniped blubber using radiolabelled precursors. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77(4): 682-687. ISSN: 1522-2152.
Online:
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: methods and techniques, nutrition, physiology, high performance liquid chromatography, chromatographic techniques, laboratory techniques, thin layer chromatography, blubber, pinnipeds, fatty acids, radio labelled.
Cashman, M.E., T.L. Ness, W.B. Roess, W.G. Bradley, and J.E. Reynolds III (1996). Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Interleukin 2 from the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Marine Mammal Science 12(1): 89-98. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: blood. lymphatics, Florida manatee, genetics, immune system, cDNA encoding, Interleukin 2, characterization, immune response, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Casini, S., M.C. Fossi, K. Cavallaro, L. Marsili, and J. Lorenzani (2002). The use of porphyrins as a non-destructive biomarker of exposure to contaminants in two sea lion populations. Marine Environmental Research 54(3-5): 769-773. ISSN: 0141-1136.
NAL Call Number: QH545.W3M36
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, pollution assessment control and management, toxicology, meeting abstract, sea lions, biomarkers.
Notes: Meeting Information: Eleventh International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 11), Plymouth, UK, July 6-12, 2001.
Champagne, C.D., D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker (2005). Glucose production and substrate cycle activity in a fasting adapted animal, the northern elephant seal. Journal of Experimental Biology 208(5): 859-868. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, metabolism, endocrine system, chemical coordination and homeostasis, fasting, elephant seal, adapted, glucose production.
Chen, R., J.D. Neill, and B.V.V. Prasad (2003). Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of San Miguel sea lion virus: an animal calicivirus. Journal of Structural Biology 141(2): 143-148. ISSN: 1047-8477.
NAL Call Number: QH573.J68
Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, infection, methods and techniques, San Miguel sea lion virus infection, viral disease, x ray crystallography, crystallization, laboratory techniques, preliminary crystallographic analysis, crystallographic techniques, cell dimensions.
Coltman, D.W., W.D. Bowen, and J.M. Wright (1996). PCR primers for harbour seal (Phoca vitulina concolor). Molecular Ecology 5(1): 161-163. ISSN: 0962-1083.
NAL Call Number: QH540.M64
Descriptors: biochemistry, molecular biophysics, genetics, PCR primers, DNA, harbour seal, polymerase chain reaction, molecular sequence data.
Crognale, M.A., D.H. Levenson, P.J. Ponganis, J.F. Deegan II, and G.H. Jacobs (1998). Cone spectral sensitivity in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and implications for color vision. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(11): 2114-2118. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: sense organs, sensory reception, aquatic photic environment, color vision, spectral sensitivity curves, harbour seal, cone.
Davis, R.W., V.R. Pierotti, S.J. Lauer, S.T. Hubl, J.W. McLean, J.L. Witztum, and S.G. Young (1991). Lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein E. Journal of Lipid Research 32(6): 1013-1023. ISSN: 0022-2275.
NAL Call Number: 381 J8282
Abstract: We have examined the apolipoprotein content of the lipoproteins of several marine mammals by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, apoB-48, and apoA-I migrated to virtually the same position as the comparable human apolipoproteins. In cetaceans (bottlenose dolphins and killer whales), the molecular mass of the apoE was identical to that of human apoE (35 kDa). In contrast, in the lipoproteins of pinnipeds (harbor seals, sea lions, and walrus) there was no protein comparable in size to human apoE; however, there were two proteins in the 40- to 44-kDa range. The protein with the higher apparent molecular weight (44 kDa) was apoA-IV, as determined by NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing. Sequencing of the NH2-terminal 15 amino acids of the lower molecular weight protein (40-42 kDa) revealed no obvious homology with human apoE. However, a human apoE-specific monoclonal antibody, 1D7, bound to the 40- to 42-kDa protein, allowing us to identify that protein as apoE. Sequencing of sea lion apoE cDNA clones demonstrated that sea lion apoE is 311 amino acids in length, 12 residues longer than human apoE. All 12 additional residues are located in the NH2-terminal 31 amino acids, a region that has extremely low homology with the NH2-terminal portion of human apoE. The remainder of the sea lion apoE sequence is 74% homologous to human apoE. The sea lion apoE cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as CHO ldlD cells, a cell line that is deficient in O-glycosylation of proteins. The size of the sea lion apoE secreted by these two cell lines, compared with the apoE in sea lion plasma, indicated that the predominant form of apoE in sea lion plasma must be posttranslationally modified. Thus, our studies have demonstrated that the higher apparent molecular weight of pinniped (sea lion) apoE is due to a longer polypeptide chain as well as posttranslational modification of the protein.
Descriptors: sea lions, lipoproteins, molecular weight, cholesterol, Carnivora, chemicophysical properties, mammals, Pinnipedia, proteins, steroids, sterols, amino terminal amino acid sequences, isolation, amino acid sequences.
Dimolfetto, L.L., K.L. Erickson, C.M. Blanchard, S.J. Jeffries, J.T. Harvey, D.A. Jessup, D.A. Ferrick, and J.L. Stott (1995). Blastogenesis and interleukin-2 receptor expression assays in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 31(2): 150-158. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: cell biology, development, immune system, harbour seal, interleukin-2 receptor, assays, blastogenesis, immunocompetence.
Dobson, G.P. (2003). On being the right size: heart design, mitochondrial efficiency and lifespan potential. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 30(8): 590-7. ISSN: 0305-1870.
Descriptors: heart anatomy and histology, heart physiology, mitochondria, adenosine diphosphate metabolism, adenosine diphosphate physiology, adenosine triphosphate metabolism, adenosine triphosphate physiology, body weight physiology, cytosol metabolism, guinea pigs, life expectancy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mice, mitochondria, heart metabolism, myocardium metabolism, myofibrils metabolism, myofibrils ultrastructure, organ size physiology, rabbits, rats.
Dobson, G.P. and J.P. Headrick (1995). Bioenergetic scaling: metabolic design and body-size constraints in mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92(16): 7317-21. ISSN: 0027-8424.
NAL Call Number: 500 N21P
Abstract: The cytosolic phosphorylation ratio ([ATP]/[ADP][P(i)]) in the mammalian heart was found to be inversely related to body mass with an exponent of -0.30 (r = 0.999). This exponent is similar to -0.25 calculated for the mass-specific O2 consumption. The inverse of cytosolic free [ADP], the Gibbs energy of ATP hydrolysis (delta G'ATP), and the efficiency of ATP production (energy captured in forming 3 mol of ATP per cycle along the mitochondrial respiratory chain from NADH to 1/2 O2) were all found to scale with body mass with a negative exponent. On the basis of scaling of the phosphorylation ratio and free cytosolic [ADP], we propose that the myocardium and other tissues of small mammals represent a metabolic system with a higher driving potential (a higher delta G'ATP from the higher [ATP]/[ADP][P(i)]) and a higher kinetic gain [(delta V/Vmax)/delta [ADP]] where small changes in free [ADP] produce large changes in steady-state rates of O2 consumption. From the inverse relationship between mitochondrial efficiency and body size we calculate that tissues of small mammals are more efficient than those of large mammals in converting energy from the oxidation of foodstuffs to the bond energy of ATP. A higher efficiency also indicates that mitochondrial electron transport is not the major site for higher heat production in small mammals. We further propose that the lower limit of about 2 g for adult endotherm body size (bumblebee-bat, Estrucan shrew, and hummingbird) may be set by the thermodynamics of the electron transport chain. The upper limit for body size (100,000-kg adult blue whale) may relate to a minimum delta G'ATP of approximately 55 kJ/mol for a cytoplasmic phosphorylation ratio of 12,000 M-1.
Descriptors: body constitution, energy metabolism, myocardium metabolism, adenosine diphosphate metabolism, adenosine triphosphate metabolism, body temperature regulation, cytosol metabolism, dogs, electron transport, evolution, kinetics, oxygen consumption, phosphates metabolism, phosphorylation, rabbits, rats, wistar rats, thermodynamics.
Elson Riggins, J.G., S.A. Riggins, F.M.D. Gulland, and E.G. Platzer (2004). Immunoglobulin responses of northern elephant and Pacific harbor seals naturally infected with Otostrongylus circumlitus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 466-475. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Otostrongylus circumlitus, mammalian hosts, northern elephant seals, Pacific harbour seals, host immunoglobulin responses, North Pacific, USA, California, immune responses.
Engelhard, G.H., S.M.J.M. Brasseur, A.J. Hall, H.R. Burton, and P.J.H. Reijnders (2002). Adrenocortical responsiveness in southern elephant seal mothers and pups during lactation and the effect of scientific handling. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 172(4): 315-328. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Abstract: We examined the cortisol responses to chemical and physical restraint stress in southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina females and their pups at three stages during lactation. In anaesthetised females the serum cortisol levels changed moderately during the 45-min sampling period following restraint, with average peaks at 23 min after anaesthetic administration. Overall, cortisol was relatively low 2 days postpartum and increased throughout lactation. In physically restrained pups serum cortisol increased rapidly after capture; the response was milder at age 2 days than at 11 days and 21 days. Levels were higher in female pups than in males. In order to test whether cortisol levels and/or responses became chronically (i.e. days to weeks) altered due to restraint, we compared the cortisol response at a late stage of lactation between three groups of mother-pup pairs previously given different levels of chemical (mothers) or physical (pups) restraint stress: control (not handled previously), moderate treatment (previously handled twice), and high treatment (previously handled 3-4 times). Pups of the three treatment groups showed similar adrenocortical responses suggesting no chronic effect of repeated physical restraint, despite the clear acute effects. Mothers of the control and moderate treatment groups showed similar cortisol responses; however, mothers of the high treatment group showed significantly attenuated responses. This indicated that elephant seals tolerated moderate degrees of handling disturbance; however, repeated (3-4) chemical immobilisations in lactating females may reduce their adrenocortical responsiveness for a period of days or weeks.
Descriptors: Mirounga, seals, anesthesia, restraint of animals, cortisol, hormone secretion, dams mothers, pups, lactation stage, body weight, gender differences, temporal variation, geographical variation, humans, residual effects, animal welfare, Antarctica, Mirounga leonina, human presence, chronic effects, Macquarie Island.
Falk Petersen, S., T. Haug, K.T. Nilssen, A. Wold, and T.M. Dahl (2004). Lipids and trophic linkages in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) from the eastern Barents Sea. Polar Research 23(1): 43-50. ISSN: 0800-0395.
Descriptors: Themisto libellula, Boreogadus saida, trophic structure, harp seal, mammalian predators, Phoca groenlandica, predator, lipid content, trophic linkages, Arctic Ocean, eastern Barents Sea, mammalian predator lipids, trophic implications.
Fasick, J.I. and P.R. Robinson (2000). Spectral-tuning mechanisms of marine mammal rhodopsins and correlations with foraging depth. Visual Neuroscience 17(5): 781-8. ISSN: 0952-5238.
Abstract: It has been observed that deep-foraging marine mammals have visual pigments that are blue shifted in terms of their wavelength of maximal absorbance (lambda(max)) when compared to analogous pigments from terrestrial mammals. The mechanisms underlying the spectral tuning of two of these blue-shifted pigments have recently been elucidated and depend on three amino acid substitutions (83Asn, 292Ser, and 299Ser) in dolphin rhodopsin, but only one amino acid substitution (308Ser ) in the dolphin long-wavelength-sensitive pigment. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular basis for changes in the spectral sensitivity of rod visual pigments from seven distantly related marine mammals. The results show a relationship between blue-shifted rhodopsins (lambda(max) < or = 490 nm), deep-diving foraging behavior, and the substitutions 83Asn and 292Ser. Species that forage primarily near the surface in coastal habitats have a rhodopsin with a lambda(max) similar to that of terrestrial mammals (500 nm) and possess the substitutions 83Asp and 292Ala, identical to rhodopsins from terrestrial mammals.
Descriptors: Cetacea metabolism, diving physiology, feeding behavior physiology, rhodopsin genetics, rhodopsin metabolism, rods retina metabolism, seals, earless metabolism, Trichechus manatus metabolism, Cetacea anatomy and histology, DNA mutational analysis methods, complementary DNA chemistry, complementary DNA genetics, molecular sequence data, mutation physiology, phototransduction physiology, rods retina cytology, seals, earless anatomy and histology, sequence homology, amino acid, Trichechus manatus anatomy and histology, vision physiology.
Field, C. and F. Tablin (2000). Cholesterol modulates membrane phase transitions and raft formation in northern elephant seal platelets. Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, Suppl.: 317a. ISSN: 1059-1524.
NAL Call Number: QH604.C452
Descriptors: blood, lymphatics, transport, circulation, cell biology, elephant seal, platelets, analytical method, thin layer chromatography, temperature, meeting abstract, cholesterol, membrane, phase transitions.
Notes: Meeting Information: 40th American Society for Cell Biology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, December 9-13, 2000.
Froenicke, L., N.J. Mueller, K. Romanakis, and H. Scherthan (1997). Chromosomal homeologies between human, harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and the putative ancestral carnivore karyotype revealed by zoo-fish. Chromosoma (Berlin) 106(2): 108-113. ISSN: 0009-5915.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 C46
Descriptors: cell biology, genetics, ancestral carnivore karyotype, conordinal cat complement, harbour seal, genetics, human complement, karyotypic homeology, metaphase spreads, x chromosome, zoo fluorescence in situ hybridization, zoo-fish, homeologies, karyotype, carnivore, human.
Funke, C., D.P. King, R.M. Brotheridge, D. Adelung, and J.L. Stott (1997). Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) C-reactive protein (C-RP): purification, characterization of specific monoclonal antibodies and development of an immuno-assay to measure serum C-RP concentrations. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 59(1-2): 151-162. ISSN: 0165-2427.
NAL Call Number: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: immune system, methods, techniques, inflammatory disease, harbour seal, disease, monoclonal antibodies, immuno assay, serum C-RP concentrations, C-reactive proteins, C-RP, health assessment.
Ganova, R.L., A.W. Smith, H. Fields, and Y. Khudyakov (2004). New calicivirus isolated from walrus. Virus Research 102(2): 207-213. ISSN: 0168-1702.
Descriptors: infection, molecular genetics, morphology, walrus, calcivirus, isolate, cell culture, culturing techniques, viral families, viral genetics, virus research.
Garcia, R.A.I., A.D. Moraga, W. Farmerie, P. McGuire, and T.L. King (2000). Isolation and characterization of microsatellite dna markers in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and their application in selected Sirenian species. Molecular Ecology 9(12): 2161-2163. ISSN: 0962-1083.
NAL Call Number: QH540.M64
Descriptors: manatee, DNA markers, Florida, isolation, characterization, Sirenian species, methods, techniques, population genetics, pedigree analysis, genetic diversity, geographical populations, population structure.
Garcia Rodriguez, A.I. (2000). Genetic studies of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Dissertation, University of Florida: Gainesville, FL. 115 p.
Descriptors: West Indian manatee, animal populations, Florida, evolutionary genetics.
Notes: Thesis (Ph. D.). University of Florida, 2000.
Gemmell, N.J., P.J. Allen, S.J. Goodman, and J.Z. Reed (1997). Interspecific microsatellite markers for the study of pinniped populations. Molecular Ecology 6(7): 661-666. ISSN: 0962-1083.
NAL Call Number: QH540.M64
Descriptors: genetics, methods and techniques, population genetics, population studies, pinnipeds, taxonomy, largha seal, methodology, microsatellite markers, molecular genetics, population genetics, southern sea lion, Stellar sea lion.
Goodman, S.J. (1997). Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms at seven anonymous microsatellite loci cloned from the European harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina). Animal Genetics 28(4): 310-311. ISSN: 0268-9146.
NAL Call Number: QP98.A1A5
Descriptors: genetics, harbour seal, dinucleotide repeat polymorphism, microsatellite loci, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, SGPv10, SGPv11, SGPv16, SGPv17, SGPv2, SGPv3, SGPv9, microsatellitte, loci, cloned.
Guilherme, C., A. Bianchini, P.E. Martinez, R.B. Robaldo, and E.P. Colares (2004). Serum leptin concentration during the terrestrial phase of the Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (Carnivora: Phocidae). General and Comparative Endocrinology 139(2): 137-142. ISSN: 0016-6480.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 G28
Descriptors: southern elephant seal, proteins, leptin, serum concentration, terrestrial phase, pelage, moulting, reproduction, South Shetland Islands, Elephant Island, serum leptin concentration, terrestrial phase, radioimmunoassay, male, female, hormonal stimulation.
Guinet, C., N. Servera, S. Mangin, J.Y. Georges, and A. Lacroix (2004). Change in plasma cortisol and metabolites during the attendance period ashore in fasting lactating subantarctic fur seals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 137A(3): 523-531. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Abstract: Lactating fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) alternate foraging trips at sea and pup attendance periods ashore. During the onshore nursing periods, lactating females do not have access to food and meet both their own metabolic requirements and milk production from their body reserve. Blood and milk samples were collected from females captured soon after their arrival ashore from a foraging trip and before their departure. Milk lipid but not milk protein content was positively related to the body condition index (BCI) of the female. During the 4-day attendance period ashore, females lost body mass, and plasma cortisol levels increased, whereas plasma urea concentration decreased and (beta)-hydroxybutyrate ((beta)-OHB) remained unchanged. The increase in cortisol level took place while blood urea concentration decreased and (beta)-OHB remained at a low level suggesting that it was independent from the transition from phase II to phase III that is indicative of the depletion of lipid body store as described in penguins. Thus, our results suggest that the increase in cortisol level in relation to decreasing BCI may either contribute to the mobilization of protein stores to ensure milk production when easily mobilized stores are used and/or could act as a re-feeding signal which is triggered well before females have depleted their body store. 1.
Descriptors: Arctocephalus, seals, fur bearing animals, lactation, foraging, feeding behavior, cortisol, urea, 3 hydroxybutyric acid, blood plasma, maternal milk, milk synthesis, milk composition, body condition, Arctocephalus tropicalis, seal milk, refeeding signals.
Gurun, G., D. Noren, J. Ramirez, A. Ramirez, R.M. Ortiz, and C.L. Ortiz (2001). Leptin does not correlate with fat mass in northern elephant seal pups. FASEB Journal 15(4): A414. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: physiology, fasting, fat mass, northern elephant seals, leptin, index, body fat, pups, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology on Experimental Biology,Orlando, Florida, USA, March 31-April 4, 2001.
Hall, A.J., B.J. McConnell, and R.J. Barker (2002). The effect of total immunoglobulin levels, mass and condition on the first-year survival of grey seal pups. Functional Ecology 16(4): 462-474. ISSN: 0269-8463.
NAL Call Number: QH540.F85
Descriptors: growth, immune system, grey seals, pups, antigenic challenge, body condition, body mass, survival, immunoglobulin levels, effect.
Hastings, S.D.A., R. El Zein, and J.B. Ward Jr. (2001). Genotoxic response of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) lymphocytes to BPDE and h2o2 using the comet assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Supplement 37(32): 37. ISSN: 0893-6692.
Descriptors: genotoxic, genetics, pollution assessment, control, management, toxicology, comet assay, California sea lion, lymphocytes, meeting abstract, response.
Notes: Meeting Information: Thirty-Second Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagen Society: A Science Odyssey, San Diego, California, USA, March 16-21, 2001.
Hattori, K., A.M. Burdin, M. Onuma, M. Suzuki, and N. Ohtaishi (2003). Sex determination in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) from tissue and dental pulp using PCR amplification. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(1): 52-56. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: dental, oral system, population studies, sea otter, dental pulp, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, genetic techniques, laboratory techniques, sex determination.
Hedd, A., R. Gales, and D. Renouf (1995). Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a harbour seal mother and her pup throughout lactation. Polar Biology 15(3): 155-160. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, digestive system, ingestion, harbour seal, nutrition, physiology, lactation, pup, reproduction, maternal investment, milk intake, nursing, stomach temperature, suckling bout length, telemetry.
Henden, T., E. Aasum, L. Folkow, O.D. Mjos, D.A. Lathrop, and T.S. Larsen (2004). Endogenous glycogen prevents Ca2+ overload and hypercontracture in harp seal myocardial cells during simulated ischemia. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 37(1): 43-50. ISSN: 0022-2828.
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, transport, circulation, ischemia, glycogen, Ca2, myocardial cells, overload, vascular disease, hypercontracture, harp seal, rat, cardiomyocetes.
Hernandez Velazquez, F.D., C.E. Galindo Sanchez, M.I. Taylor, J. de la Rosa Velez, I.M. Cote, Y. Schramm, D. Aurioles Gamboa, and C. Rico (2005). New polymorphic microsatellite markers for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Molecular Ecology Notes 5(1): 140-142. ISSN: 1471-8278.
NAL Call Number: QH541.15.M632
Descriptors: California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, population genetics techniques, nucleic acids, DNA, molecular genetics, new polymorphic microsatellite markers, Baja California, Mexico, loci, allel numbers, microsatellite.
Hobson, B.M. and L. Wide (1986). Gonadotrophin in the term placenta of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus), the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and man. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 76(2): 637-44. ISSN: 0022-4251.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8222
Abstract: Chorionic gonadotrophin activity in extracts of the term placenta of a dolphin, a sea lion and a grey seal was measured by its effectiveness in increasing uterine weight in the mouse and by solid-phase RIA using hCG as immunogen and labelled antigen. Bioreactive (B) gonadotrophin was found in these placentae and, compared to the human term placenta, the concentration of CG in the dolphin was higher, in the sea lion similar and in the grey seal lower. The biological activity in each species was neutralized with a rabbit anti-hCG serum. All placental extracts contained material active in the hCG immunoassay (I). The ratio B/I was significantly higher for the CG in the placental extracts of the marine mammals compared with that of the human term placenta. Results of in-vivo bioassay, RIA, electrophoretic and gel-chromatographic studies indicate structural similarities between CG in the placentae of the marine mammals and human CG.
Descriptors: chorionic gonadotropin analysis, dolphins metabolism, Pinnipedia metabolism, placenta analysis, sea lions metabolism, biological assay, chromatography, gel, electrophoresis, agar gel, mice, radioimmunoassay.
Hochachka, P.W., G.C. Liggins, G.P. Guyton, R.C. Schneider, K.S. Stanek, W.E. Hurford, R.K. Creasy, D.G. Zapol, and W.M. Zapol (1995). Hormonal regulatory adjustments during voluntary diving in Weddell seals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112B(2): 361-375.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Subadult male Weddell seals were instrumented with microcomputer-based backpacks and were then monitored during voluntary diving and recovery periods in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Depth and duration of diving, swim speed, and dive pattern were routinely monitored. An indwelling venous catheter was used to collect plasma samples at various time periods before and following diving episodes, so that changes in plasma concentrations of hormones and of metabolites could be measured. Adrenergic and nitroxidergic regulatory effects were assessed indirectly by measuring concentration changes in catecholamine and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), respectively. The studies found that (i), except for dives of less than several minutes, epinephrine and norepinephrine both increased as a function of diving duration, then rapidly decreased during recovery (with a half time of about 10 min), (ii) that the changes in catecholamine concentrations correlated with splenic contraction and an increase in circulating red blood cell mass (hematocrit), (iii) that the changes in catecholamines, especially [epinephrine], were inversely related to insulin/glucagon ratios, which mediated a postdiving hyperglycemia, and (iv) that in long dives (but not short ones) the changes in catecholamines correlated with increasing reliance on anaerobic metabolism, indicated by increased plasma lactate concentrations. These diving-catecholamine relationships during voluntary diving at sea were similar to those observed during enforced submergence (simulated diving) under controlled laboratory conditions. At the end of diving, even while catecholamine concentrations were still high, many of the above effects were. rapidly reversed and the reversal appeared to correlate with accelerated nitric oxide production, indirectly indicated by increased plasma cGMP concentrations. Taken together, the data led to the hypothesis of important adrenergic regulation of the diving response in seals, with rapid reversal at the end of diving and during recovery being regulated by nitroxidergic mechanisms.
Descriptors: seals, males, diving, physiology, metabolism, catecholamines, regulation.
Hokkanen, J.E. (1990). Temperature regulation of marine mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145(4): 465-85. ISSN: 0022-5193.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8223
Abstract: A mathematical model of heat loss from an aquatic animal to the surrounding water is presented. Heat is generated in metabolically active tissues and distributed by circulating blood and by conduction. The time dependent radial temperature profile of the animal is numerically solved from heat transfer equations by a computer. The model is applied to large whales, porpoises, and seals. For the whales, blood circulation to the dermal layer below appendage and body skin surfaces proved to be essential for sufficient heat dissipation. When decreasing the blood flow below a certain value (dependent on sea temperature and whale activity) the large whales would overheat. Blubber thickness was found to be of minor importance in whale thermoregulation, because the blubber coat can be bypassed by blood circulation. On the other hand, it is in general not possible for small porpoises and seals to stay warm in the coldest waters using normal mammalian resting metabolic rates, even if the peripheral circulation is shut off (or artery-vein heat exchangers used). Heat loss can be reduced if the outermost tissue layers are allowed to cool. This is achieved by minimizing convective radial heat flow via the circulation. (For large whales even minute radial blood flow raises the muscle temperatures to the core temperature level.) Seasonal acclimatization of harbour seals is explained by changes in their effective insulation thickness. Differences in whale activity induce changes in the temperature profile mainly within the first few centimeters from the skin surface. These superficial temperatures, if known, could be used to estimate whale metabolic rates. Since they drop close to the sea water temperature within minutes after whale death, the measurements should be done of live whales.
Descriptors: body temperature regulation physiology, computer simulation, mammals physiology, models, biological, dolphins physiology, mathematics, seals, earless physiology, whales physiology.
Houser, D.S. and D.E. Crocker (2004). Age, sex, and reproductive state influence free amino acid concentrations in the fasting elephant seal. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77(5): 838-846. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Abstract: Long-term fasting is part of the life of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and requires physiological adaptations to nitrogen conservation. To study this physiological adaptation, plasma free amino acids (FAAs) were determined for 5 elephant seal pups during the the postweaning fast, 6 lactating female seals postpartum, and 7 sexually competitive adult male seals halfway through the breeding season. The total free amino acids declined in lactating females and pups with time fasting. Cystine concentration more than doubled in pups but decreased in lactating females. Methionine concentration increased durin lactation in adult females. It was low, however, for all classes of seal. In adult males, alanine was the most abundant free amino acid. In adult females, glycine became the dominant free amino acid late in lactation. Reductions in the free amino acids of weanlings mirrored reductions in protein catabolism. Reductions in total free amino acids occurred in lactating females along with an increase in protein catabolism.
Descriptors: biochemistry, elephant seal, fasting, free amino acid, nutrition, lactogenesis, long term fasting, nitrogen conservation, physiological adaptation.
Houser, D.S., D.E. Crocker, P.M. Webb, and D.P. Costa (2001). Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 129A(2-3): 405-415. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: chemical coordination, urinary system, elephant seal, pups, fasting, nutrition, physiology, glomerular filtration rate, nursing, renal function, suckling, water conservation, renal reabsorption, weaning.
Hunt, K.E., A.W. Trites, and S.K. Wasser (2004). Validation of a fecal glucocorticoid assay for Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Physiology and Behavior 80(5): 595-601. ISSN: 0031-9384.
Descriptors: Steller sea lions, assay techniques, physiological condition, stress indication, feces, hormones, fecal glucocorticoid assay, stressors, ACTH, adrenal activity, sex.
Ishinazaka, T., M. Suzuki, Y. Yamamoto, T. Isono, N. Harada, J.I. Mason, M. Watabe, M. Tsunokawa, and N. Ohtaishi (2001). Immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum and the placenta of the ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) and Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 63(9): 955-959. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: enzymology, biochemistry, reproductive system, ribbon seal, Steller sea lion, reproduction, immunohistochemistry, enzymes, corpus luteum, placenta.
Jensen, A.E., N.F. Cheville, C.O. Thoen, A.P. MacMillan, and W.G. Miller (1999). Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 11(2): 152-157. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: seals, phocoenidae, dolphins, brucella, DNA fingerprinting, pulsed field electrophoresis, strains, vaccines, species differences, relationships.
Jenssen, B.M., J.U. Skaare, S. Woldstad, A.T. Nastad, O. Haugen, B. Kloven and E.G. Sormo (1995). Biomarkers in blood to assess effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in free-living grey seal pups. In: Developments in Marine Biology; Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.: Amsterdam, Netherlands; New York, New York, USA, p. 607-615. ISBN: 0444820701.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: ecology, marine ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, pollution, assessment, grey seal, pups, biomarkers, blood, toxicology, meeting paper, polychlorinated biphenyls, retinol, thyroxine, vitamin A.
Notes: Meeting Information: International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway; November 29-December 1, 1994.
Johnson, P., S.T. Zenteno, and R. Elsner (2003). Hypoxia-inducible factor in ringed seal tissues. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 35(Suppl. 1): S77. ISSN: 0891-5849.
NAL Call Number: QP527.F7
Descriptors: cell biology, biochemistry, oxidative injury, ringed seal, tissues, polymerase chain reaction, genetic techniques, gene sequence, ischemia reperfusion, dive associated, ill effects, oxidative stress, protein oxidation, tissue hypoxia, adaptation, protection, energy requirement.
Notes: Meeting Information: 10th Annual Meeting of the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA, November 20-24, 2003.
Jonker, R.A.H. and A.W. Trites (2000). The reliability of skinfold-calipers for measuring blubber thickness of Steller sea lion pups (Eumetopias jubatus). Marine Mammal Science 16(4): 757-766. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: Steller sea lion, pups, skinfold calipers, blubber thickness, reliability, body mass, rookeries, skinfold thickness, reliability.
Kage, T., I. Nakayama, K. Araki, Y. Asai, T. Oike, C. Asai, K. Hasegawa, and A. Kawamura (1998). Paternity test for finless porpoise and largha seal by DNA fingerprinting used oligonucleotide probe (GGAT)4. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 64(2): 286-287. ISSN: 0021-5392.
Descriptors: molecular genetics, oligonucleotide probe, finless porpoise, largha seal, DNA fingerprinting, genetic method, paternity test.
Kastelein, R.A., P. Mosterd, B. Van Santen, and M. Hagedoorn (2002). Underwater audiogram of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) measured with narrow-band frequency-modulated signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112(5, Pt. 1): 2173-2182. ISSN: 0001-4966.
Descriptors: sensory reception, audiogram, underwater, up down staircase method, walrus, center frequency, go no go response, hearing frequency range, narrow band frequency modulated signals, underwater hearing sensitivity, frequency.
Keith, E.O. (1999). A matrix model of metabolite flux in northern elephant seal pups undergoing natural fasting after weaning. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 124(Suppl.): S100. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: metabolism, nutrition, aphagia, metabolite flux, natural fasting, elephant seal, pups, weaning, matrix model, meeting abstract, meeting poster.
Notes: Meeting Information: Fifth International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, August 23-28, 1999.
Kiehl, A.R. and C.A. Schiller (1994). A study of manatee leukocytes using peroxidase stain. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 23(2): 50-53. ISSN: 0275-6382.
NAL Call Number: SF601.A54
Descriptors: manatees, leukocytes, species differences, staining, blood picture, erythrocytes, normal values, secretory granules, granulocytes, peroxidases, enzyme activity, eosinophils, myeloperoxidase.
King, D.P., A.W.M. Hay, I. Robinson, and S.W. Evans (1995). Leucocyte interleukin-1-like activity in the common seal (Phoca vitulina) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Journal of Comparative Pathology 113(3): 253-261. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: blood, lymphatics, cell biology, interleukin-1, immune system, common seal, metabolism, physiology, leukocyte, lipopolysaccharide, grey seal.
King, D.P., J.L. Sanders, C.T. Nomura, R.A. Stoddard, C.L. Ortiz, and S.W. Evans (1998). Ontogeny of humoral immunity in northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) neonates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry 121(4): 363-368. ISSN: 0305-0491.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Descriptors: immune system, northern elephant seal, neonates, humoral immunity, ontogeny, immunoglobin, Ig, protein, post partum.
King, D.P., M.D. Schrenzel, M.L. McKnight, T.H. Reidarson, K.D. Hanni, J.L. Stott, and D.A. Ferrick (1996). Molecular cloning and sequencing of interleukin 6 cDNA fragments from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), killer whale (Orcinus orca), and southern sea otter (Enydra lutris nereis). Immunogenetics 43(4): 190-195. ISSN: 0093-7711.
NAL Call Number: QR184.I4
Descriptors: Molecular cloning, blood, cell biology, genetics, immune system, Interleukin-6, molecular genetics, harbour seal, killer whale, sea otter, complementary DNA, immunogenetics, species specific immunoassay.
Kirkwood, R., N. Gales, M. Lynch, and P. Dann (2002). Satellite tracker deployments on adult, male Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus: methods and preliminary results. Australian Mammalogy 24(1): 73-83. ISSN: 0310-0049.
Descriptors: Australian fur seals, male, tracking techniques, satellite tracking, foraging, foraging trips, distribution, habitat, South Pacific, Australia, Victoria, seal rocks, satellite tracker, adult males, methods, preliminary results.
Lander, M.E. and F.M.D. Galland (2003). Rehabilitation and post-release monitoring of Steller sea lion pups raised in captivity. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(4): 1047-1053. ISSN: 0091-7648.
NAL Call Number: SK357.A1W5
Descriptors: Steller sea lion, pups, Eumetopias jubatus, release, relocation, care in captivity, California, ano Nuevo Island, north Pacific, captive raised pup, rehabilitation, post release monitoring, management implications.
Lander, M.E., M. Haulena, F.M.D. Gulland, and J.T. Harvey (2005). Implantation of subcutaneous radio transmitters in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Marine Mammal Science 21(1): 154-161. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: methods and techniques, population studies, surgery, radio telemetry, harbour seal, applied and field techniques. radio transmitter, subcutaneous implantation, experimental surgical techniques, laboratory techniques, behavior, data aquisition.
Larkin, I.L.V., T.S. Gross, and R.L. Reep (2005). Use of faecal testosterone concentrations to monitor male Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) reproductive status. Aquatic Mammals 31(1): 52-61. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: manatee, reproduction, radioimmunoassay, laboratory techniques, fecal testosterone, reproductive status, sexually mature, breeding.
Littnan, C.L., J.D. Baker, F.A. Parrish, and G.J. Marshall (2004). Effects of video camera attachment on the foraging behavior of immature Hawaiian monk seals. Marine Mammal Science 20(2): 345-352. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi, feeding analysis techniques, photographic techniques, video recording, camera attachment effects on foraging behavior, foraging, aquatic diving, north Pacific, Hawaii.
Litz, B.J., G. Gurun, D.S. Houser, R.M. Ortiz, and C.L. Ortiz (2001). Comparison of thyroid hormone concentrations between nursing and fasting in northern elephant seal pups. FASEB Journal 15(4): A414. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: endocrine system, homeostasis, fasting, early stage, late stage, nursing, elephant seal, pups, thyroid hormone, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology on Experimental Biology 2001, Orlando Florida, USA, March 31-April 4, 2001.
Logerwell, E.A. and L.E. Schaufler (2005). New data on proximate composition and energy density of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) prey fills seasonal and geographic gaps in existing information. Aquatic Mammals 31(1): 62-82. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: Steller sea lion, predation, prey, fish, proximate composition, energy density, nutrition, diet.
Lu, Y., A. Aguirre, and R. Yanagihara. (2001). Viral susceptibility of newly established cell lines from Hawaiian monk seal. Abstracts of the 101st General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, May 20, 2001-May 24, 2001, Orlando, FL, USA, Vol. 101, 247 p.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A5
Descriptors: infection, viruses, monk seal, animal mortality studies, cytopathic effects, viral susceptibility, meeting abstract.
Lu, Y., A.A. Aguirre, P.C. Loh, and R. Yanagihara (2000). Establishment and characterization of 10 cell lines from the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) for use in the isolation of pathogenic viruses. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 100: 479. ISSN: 1060-2011.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A5
Descriptors: sense organs, sensory reception, virology, blepharism, eye disease, monk seal, cell lines, characterization, bullous, eye disease, conjunctivitis, pathogenic viruses, isolation, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Los Angeles, California, USA, May 21-25, 2000.
Lu, Y., A.A. Aguirre, Y. Wang, L. Zeng, P.C. Loh, and R. Yanagihara (2003). Viral susceptibility of newly established cell lines from the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57(3): 183-191. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: Ten of 11 cell lines, recently established from the snout (MS-SN), periorbital soft tissue (MS-EY), liver (MS-LV), kidney (MS-KD), lung (MS-LG), spleen (MS-SP), heart (MS-HT), thyroid (MS-TY), brain (MS-BR) and urinary bladder (MS-UB) of a juvenile Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi, were evaluated in vitro for their susceptibility to 5 mammalian viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), reovirus type 3 (Reo-3), poliovirus type 1 (Polio-1) and vaccinia virus (Vac); 5 fish viruses: channel catfish herpesvirus (CCV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), fish rhabdovirus carpio (RC) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV); and 2 marine mammal morbilliviruses: phocine distemper virus (PDV) and dolphin distemper virus (DMV). Four well-established continuous cell-lines of nonhuman primate (Vero) and fish (EPC, CHSE-214 and BB) origin served as controls to standardize the virus infectivity assays. Virus yields were quantified as 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) ml-1 on Day 7 post-inoculation. Results of the viral challenge assays revealed that the monk seal cell lines shared a similar pattern of susceptibility to the mammalian viruses. Despite their different tissue origins, all monk seal cells were sensitive to HSV-1, Vac, VSV and Reo-3, but were refractory to Polio-1. A characteristic viral-induced cytopathic effect was noted with VSV and Reo-3, and distinct plaques were observed for HSV-1 and Vac. Monk seal cell lines were also susceptible to PDV and DMV, 2 morbilliviruses isolated from seals and dolphins, respectively. By contrast, these cell lines were generally resistant to VHSV, IHNV and IPNV, with varying susceptibility to RC and CCV. The wide range of viral susceptibility of these monk seal cell lines suggests their potential value in studying viruses of monk seals and other marine mammals.
Descriptors: Monachus schauinslandi, pathological techniques, susceptibility to viral disease determination technique, cell line study, viral diseases.
Lu, Y., A. Aguirre, R.C. Braun, and P.C. Loh (1998). Establishment of monk seal cell lines. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Animal 34(5): 367-369. ISSN: 1071-2690.
NAL Call Number: QH585.A1I58
Descriptors: cell biology, cell culture, monk seal, cell culture method, cell lines.
Lund, B.O. (1994). In vitro adrenal bioactivation and effects on steroid metabolism of DDT, PCBs and their metabolites in the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13(6): 911-917. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: seals, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticide residues, metabolites, adrenal glands, adverse effects, toxicity, mitochondria, cytochrome P 450, enzyme inhibitors, glucocorticoids, pollutants, water pollution, nontarget organisms, nontarget effects.
Marquez, M.E.I., N.H. Slobodianik, P.A. Ronayne de Ferrer, A.R. Carlini, D.F. Vergani, and G.A. Daneri (1995). Immunoglobulin A levels in southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) milk during the suckling period. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112B(3): 569-572.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in milk samples from southern elephant seals at King George Island, Antarctica are reported. IgA levels were determined throughout the suckling period (approximately 23 days). The IgA concentration in southern elephant seal milk was lower than in other mammals and, unlike most mammalian milk, was not high during early lactation. There was not a definite pattern in IgA levels, which fluctuated within narrow limits throughout the suckling period (mean +/- SD, 30.81 +/- 6.38 mg IgA/100 g milk). If IgG was present, its level was too low to be detected by the method used. This is the first evidence in Southern elephant seal of the possibility of transmission of passive immunity after birth involving secretion of IgA in the milk.
Descriptors: seals, mirounga, seal milk, milk proteins, whey protein, immunoglobulins.
Mashburn, K.L. and S. Atkinson (2004). Evaluation of adrenal function in serum and feces of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): influences of molt, gender, sample storage, and age on glucocorticoid metabolism. General and Comparative Endocrinology 136(3): 371-381. ISSN: 0016-6480.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 G28
Descriptors: Steller sea lion, age, physiological condition, pelage, moult, feces, plasma, serum, hormones, glucocorticoid metabolism, evaluation of adrenal function in serum and feces, influence of moult, gender, sample storage, age, physiological and biochemical sex differences.
Mau, T.L., J.M. Castellini, B.S. Fadely, and M.A. Castellini (1999). Biochemical composition of whale and seal blubber. FASEB Journal 13(4, Pt. 1): A383. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: bioenergetics, blubber, seal, whale, composition, bomb calorimetry, freeze drying, preservation method, soxhlet extraction, extraction method, energy density, lipid content, seasonal variation, water content, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Professional Research Scientists for Experimental Biology 99, Washington, D.C., USA, April 17-21, 1999.
Mauck, B., U. Eysel, and G. Dehnhardt (2000). Selective heating of vibrissal follicles in seals (Phoca vitulina) and dolphins (Sotalia fluviatilis guianensis). Journal of Experimental Biology 203(14): 2125-31. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Abstract: The thermal characteristics of the mystacial vibrissae of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and of the follicle crypts on the rostrum of the dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis guianensis were measured using an infrared imaging system. Thermograms demonstrate that, in both species, single vibrissal follicles are clearly defined units of high thermal radiation, indicating a separate blood supply to these cutaneous structures. It is suggested that the high surface temperatures measured in the area of the mouth of the follicles is a function of the sinus system. In seals and dolphins, surface temperature gradually decreased with increasing distance from the centre of a follicle, indicating heat conduction from the sinus system via the follicle capsule to adjacent tissues. It is suggested that the follicular sinus system is a thermoregulatory structure responsible for the maintenance of high tactile sensitivity at the extremely low ambient temperatures demonstrated for the vibrissal system of seals. The vibrissal follicles of odontocetes have been described as vestigial structures, but the thermograms obtained in the present study provide the first evidence that, in Sotalia fluviatilis, the follicles possess a well-developed sinus system, suggesting that they are part of a functional mechanosensory system.
Descriptors: body temperature regulation physiology, dolphins physiology, hair follicle physiology, seals, earless physiology, skin temperature physiology, vibrissae physiology, cavernous sinus metabolism, cavernous sinus physiology, diagnostic imaging, hair follicle blood supply, hair follicle metabolism, infrared rays, mechanoreceptors metabolism, thermography, thermoreceptors metabolism, vibrissae metabolism.
McConkey, S.D. (1999). Photographic identification of the New Zealand sea lion: a new technique. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33(1): 63-66. ISSN: 0028-8330.
Descriptors: methods, techniques, population studies, photographic identification, sea lion, New Zealand, identification method, tagging, damage, scars, flippers.
McKinney, M.A., A. Arukwe, P. Beland, S. de Guise, and R.J. Letcher (2004). Microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in ringed seal (Phoca hispida), beluga whale (Delphinaptems leucas) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from the Canadian Arctic. Marine Environmental Research 58(2-5): 531-532. ISSN: 0141-1136.
Descriptors: enzymology, biochemistry, molecular biophysics, pollution, assessment, ecology, toxicology, bioassay techniques, laboratory techniques, cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, ringed seal, beluga whale, polar bear, Canadian Arctic, enzyme activity.
Notes: Meeting Information: 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12), Safety Harbor, FL, USA, May 9-13, 2003.
Morgan, U.M., L. Xiao, B.D. Hill, P. O'Donoghue, J. Limor, A. Lal, and R.C.A. Thompson (2000). Detection of the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype in a dugong (Dugong dugon). Journal of Parasitology 86(6): 1352-1354. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: molecular genetics, biochemistry, parasitology, DNA sequencing, dugong, Cryptosporidium, sequencing method, polymerase chain reaction, recombinant DNA technology, sequencing techniques, DNA amplification, genotype, in situ recombinant gene expression detection, restriction fragment mapping, sequencing method, sequencing techniques.
Moss, J.M. and M.A. Castellini (1996). Determining the aerobic dive limit in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups: a comparison of current methods. FASEB Journal 10(3): A297. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: dive limit, metabolism, dive duration, lactate, Weddell seal, pups, aerobic limit, meeting abstract, metabolic rate, total body oxygen store.
Notes: Meeting Information: Experimental Biology 95, Washington, D.C., USA, April 14-17, 1996.
National Science Research Council. (1974). An International Centre for Manatee Research: Report of a Workshop Held 7-13 February 1974, Georgetown, Guyana, South America / Cosponsors National Science Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, (USA) International Development Research (Guyana) Centre (Canada). Georgetown, Guyana: The Council, 34 p.
NAL Call Number: QL737.S63N3
Descriptors: manatees research, aquatic weed control.
Language of Text: English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French summaries.
Neill, J.D., R.F. Meyer, and B.S. Seal (1995). Genetic relatedness of the caliciviruses: San Miguel sea lion and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses constitute a single genotype within the Caliciviridae. Journal of Virology 69(7): 4484-4488. ISSN: 0022-538X.
NAL Call Number: QR360.J6
Abstract: The San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSV) and vesicular exanthema of swine viruses (VESV) are related morphologically and antigenically, but little has been done to determine their genotypic relationship to each other and to other caliciviruses. To examine this relationship, reverse transcriptase PCRs were performed by using oligonucleotide primer sets designed to amplify portions of the 2C RNA helicase-like and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase regions with total cellular RNA purified from virus-infected cell cultures as a template. The 2C RNA helicase primers directed the amplification of this region from eight SMSV serotypes, five VESV serotypes, and four related viruses. The RNA polymerase primer sets amplified products from all these viruses except one. Phylogenetic comparison of the caliciviruses demonstrated that SMSV, VESV, and four related viruses are closely related while being distinct from feline calicivirus, the human caliciviruses (small, round-structured viruses), and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and that they should be classified as a single genotype within the Caliciviridae.
Descriptors: San Miguel sea lion virus, vesicular exanthema virus, calicivirus, caliciviridae, RNA, genomes, structural genes, enzymes, RNA polymerase, nucleotide sequences, phylogeny, chemotaxonomy, RNA helicase, molecular sequence data, Genbank, u15301, Genbank, u15302, Genbank, u18470, Genbank, u18471, Genbank, u18472, Genbank, u18473, Genbank, u18474, Genbank, u18475, Genbank, u18476, Genbank, u18477, Genbank, u18478, Genbank, u18479, Genbank, u18480, Genbank, u18481, Genbank, u18482, Genbank, u18483, Genbank, u18484, Genbank, u15301, Genbank, u15302, Genbank, u18730, Genbank, u18731, Genbank, u18732, Genbank, u18733, Genbank, u18734, Genbank, u18735, Genbank, u18736, Genbank, u18737, Genbank, u18738, Genbank, u18739, Genbank, u18740+.
Pietraszek, J. and S. Atkinson (1994). Concentrations of estrone sulfate and progesterone in plasma and saliva, vaginal cytology, and bioelectric impedance during the estrous cycle of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Marine Mammal Science 10(4): 430-441. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: biosynchronization, blood, monk seal, cell biology, physiology, reproductive system, estrus cycle, reproduction, progesterone, estrone, plasma, vaginal cytology, cornified epithelial cells, follicular phase, luteal phase, bioelectric impedance.
Puppione, D.L., C.M. Kuehlthau, R.J. Jandacek, and D.P. Costa (1996). Chylomicron triacylglycerol fatty acids in suckling northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) resemble the composition and the distribution of fatty acids in milk fat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 114B(1): 53-57.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Following birth, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups rapidly gain weight by ingesting milk with a high fat content, as much as 50%. To better understand the metabolism of the pups during the suckling period, the positional distributions of triacylglycerol fatty acids in both the milk and chylomicra were determined. Extracts of enzymatically digested lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography and the constituent fatty acids were separated and quantified by gas liquid chromatography. Over 84% of the fatty acids were either monoenoic or saturated, with the ratio of monoenoic to saturated fatty acids ranging between 2.9-4.0. Positional distributional analyses revealed that the very long chain monoenoics (20:1 and 22:1) were located primarily at the sn-1,3 positions of milk triacylglycerols. In the interval between the onset of lactation to the time of weaning, the content of these very long chain monoenoic fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions increased from 13-37%. At the sn-2 position, the percentage of 18:1 was 3-5-fold higher than 16:1. Analyses indicated that the triacylglycerols in both milk and suckling pup chylomicra were similar. This particularly was true for the distributions at the sn-2 position, indicating that milk fats are being absorbed primarily via the 2-monoacylglycerol pathway.
Descriptors: seals, seal milk, milk fat, chylomicron lipids, triacylglycerols, monoenoic fatty acids, oleic acid, palmitic acid, long chain fatty acids, lactation stage, composition, intestinal absorption, newborn animals.
Rahman, I.H.A., A.W. Chua, J. Webb, D.J. Macey, and T.G. St. Pierre (1999). Characterization of dugong liver ferritin. Analytica Chimica Acta 393(1-3): 235-243. ISSN: 0003-2670.
Descriptors: dugong, iron, liver, ferritin, hemosiderin, food, iron values, iron concentration, tissue damage, electron microscopy, mosbauer spectroscopy, analytical method, gamma spectrometry, gel electrophoresis, separation method.
Ramdohr, S., J. Ploetz, H. Bornemann, C. Engelschalk, J. Thiery, and R. Eisert (1998). Studies on the lipoproteins of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) during the breeding season at King George Island. Berichte Zur Polarforschung (299): 243-248. ISSN: 0176-5027.
Descriptors: lipoproteins, metabolism, body weight, breeding season, elephant seal, energetic requirements, metabolic changes.
Rea, L., R. Groscolas, E. Mioskowski, and M. Castellini (1997). Changes in plasma fatty acids indicate change in nutritional status in developing Weddell seal pups. Polar Biology 18(5): 351-357. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: development, nutrition, cholesteryl esters, Weddell seal, pups, foraging, phospholipids, plasma fatty acid, post weaning fast, suckling, triacylglycerols, foraging.
Rector, A., G.D. Bossart, S.J. Ghim, J.P. Sundberg, A.B. Jenson, and M. Van Ranst (2004). Characterization of a novel close-to-root papillomavirus from a Florida manatee by using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification: Trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1. Journal of Virology 78(22): 12698-12702. ISSN: 0022-538X.
NAL Call Number: QR360.J6
Descriptors: infection, Trichechus manatus latirostris papillomavirus type 1 infection, infectious disease, skin lesion, manatee, integumentary system disease, neoplastic disease, characterization, DNA amplification, genetic techniques, laboratory techniques, papillomavirus.
Register, K.B., R.E. Sacco, and G. Foster (2000). Ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis reveal a novel clone of Bordetella bronchiseptica in seals. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12(6): 535-540. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: seals, Bordetella bronchiseptica, restriction endonuclease analysis, types, characterization, clones, Scotland, Denmark, ribotypes.
Rehberg, M.J. and J.M. Burns (2002). Developing methods to identify potential Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) juvenile foraging behaviors using satellite relay data loggers. Arctic Science Conference Abstracts 53: 187.
Descriptors: behavior, population studies, satellite relay data loggers, Steller sea lion, juvenile foraging, foraging area selection, foraging behavior, juvenile survival, prey access.
Notes: Meeting Information: 53rd Arctic Science Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, September 18-20, 2002.
Ross, P.S., R.L. De Swart, H.H. Timmerman, P.J.H. Reijnders, H. Van Loveren, J.G. Vos, and A. Osterhaus (1997). Immunotoxicological studies in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2192): 87. ISSN: 0706-6457.
Descriptors: toxicology, immunotoxicology, mortality, toxicity, habor seal, meeting abstract, studies.
Notes: Meeting Information: 24th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, October 20-22, 1997.
Rudneva, N.A. and N.M. Pronin (1996). Microelement composition in seal organs. Ekologiia (Moscow) (4): 313-315. ISSN: 0367-0597.
NAL Call Number: QH540.E3
Descriptors: toxicology, seal organs, composition, aluminum, beryllium, blood, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, digestive system, environmental monitoring, fat, gallium, iron, lithium, liver, magnesium, maximum permissible concentration, molybdenum, muscles, muscular system, nickel, pollution, silver, trace element composition, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc.
Ruggieri, G.D. (1975). Aquatic animals in biomedical research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 245: 39-56. ISSN: 0077-8923.
NAL Call Number: 500 N484
Descriptors: animals, laboratory, marine biology, Annelida, Arachnida, blood coagulation, diving, Echinodermata, eels physiology, electric organ physiology, fishes immunology, fishes physiology, marine toxins, Mollusca, Pinnipedia blood, Pinnipedia physiology, Porifera, research, seals, earless physiology, shock physiopathology, Urochordata, whales physiology.
Ryazanov, D.A. and M.K. Maminov (1996). Age and sex determination from canine teeth in sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 75(4): 593-601. ISSN: 0044-5134.
NAL Call Number: 410 R92
Descriptors: dental and oral system, sea otter, age determination, canine teeth, morphology, sex determination.
Sarko, D.K. and R.L. Reep (2003). Functional localization in manatee cerebral cortex as revealed by cytochrome oxidase staining. Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner : Abstract no. 596.20.
Online: http://sfn.scholarone.com
Descriptors: nervous system, neural coordination, cytochrome oxidase staining, manatee, cerebral cortex, localization, function, laboratory techniques.
Notes: Meeting Information: 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA, USA, November 08-12, 2003.
Scouloudi, H. (1978). A preliminary comparison of metmyoglobin molecules from seal and sperm whale. Journal of Molecular Biology 126(4): 661-71. ISSN: 0022-2836.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8224
Descriptors: Cetacea, hemeproteins, metmyoglobin, Pinnipedia, seals, earless, whales, amino acid sequence, models, molecular, protein conformation.
Shahidi, F., J. Synowiecki, and J. Balejko (1994). Proteolytic hydrolysis of muscle proteins of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42(11): 2634-2638. ISSN: 0021-8561.
NAL Call Number: 381 J8223
Abstract: Protein hydrolysates were prepared from mechanically separated seal meat (MSSM) using commercially available microbial enzymes Alcalase and Neutrase. The enzyme in each case was inactivated by acidification with 4 N HCl to pH 4.0. Heme groups were removed, and the hydrolyzed proteins were bleached with charcoal, neutralized to pH 7.0, and dehydrated. The yield of hydrolysate (YH) and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) using Alcalase, under optimum conditions, were 92.75% and 19.5%, respectively. The YH for Neutrase-assisted hydrolysis of MSSM was 72.85%. The dehydrated seal protein hydrolysate (SPH) contained 77.3% crude proteins, 0.74% lipid, and 20.67% minerals, mainly sodium chloride. The amino acid composition of SPH was similar to that of the original MSSM. The product so obtained was bland in taste and off-white in appearance (Hunter L value of 84.6) and had a solubility of greater than or equal to 93.5% over the pH range 2.5-10.4.
Descriptors: seal meat, muscle tissue, hydrolysis, proteinases, protein hydrolysates, properties, pH, temperature, proximate analysis, alcalase, neutrase, functional properties.
Shaw, C.N., P.J. Wilson, and B.N. White (2003). A reliable molecular method of gender determination for mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 84(1): 123-128. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: Mammalia, sexing techniques, DNA use, PCR based method, nucleic acids, physiological and biochemical sex differences, molecular genetics, DNA, PCR based sexing technique.
Slade, R.W. (1997). Genetic studies of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. In: Marine Mammal Research in the Southern Hemisphere. Status, Ecology and Medicine, Vol. 1, Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty. Ltd.: New South Wales, Australia, p. 11-29. ISBN: 0949324760.
Descriptors: population genetics, population studies, mutation rate, population structure, southern elephant seal, ecology, medicine.
Slade, R.W. (1992). Limited MHC polymorphism in the southern elephant seal: implications for MHC evolution and marine mammal population biology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 249(1325): 163-71. ISSN: 0962-8452.
Abstract: Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are highly polymorphic in most terrestrial mammal populations so far studied. Exceptions to this are typically populations that lack genome-wide diversity. Here I show that two populations of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) have low DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism at MHC loci when compared with terrestrial mammals. Limited studies on MHC polymorphism in two cetacean species suggest this is a feature of marine mammal populations in general. MHC polymorphism is thought to be maintained by balancing selection, and several types of disease-based and reproductive-based mechanisms have been proposed. For the three marine mammal species examined, the low MHC polymorphism cannot be explained by low genome-wide diversity, or by any reproductive-based selection pressure. It can, however, be explained by diminished exposure to pathogenic selection pressure compared with terrestrial mammals. Reduced exposure to pathogens would also mean that marine mammal populations may be susceptible to occasional pathogen-induced mass mortalities.
Descriptors: evolution, major histocompatibility complex, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, seals, earless genetics, DNA genetics, DNA isolation and purification, mammals genetics, mammals immunology, population, restriction mapping, seals, earless immunology, seawater.
Sormo, E.G., I. Jussi, M. Jussi, M. Braathen, J.U. Skaare, and B.M. Jenssen (2005). Thyroid hormone status in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups from the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in relation to organochlorine pollutants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(3): 610-616. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: gray seal, pups, Halichoerus grypus, pollutants, dermis, blubber, hormones, thyroid hormones, plasma concentrations, organochlorine pollutants, Baltic Sea, North Atlantic, chemical pollution, thyroid hormone status, young.
St. Laurent, G., C. Beliveau, and D. Archambault (1999). Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) interleukin 2. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 67(4): 385-394. ISSN: 0165-2427.
NAL Call Number: SF757.2.V38
Abstract: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine produced by activated T helper lymphocytes which exerts immunoregulatory effects on a variety of immune cells, including T cells, activated B cells, natural killer cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells. In this study, we cloned and determined the entire beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) IL-2-encoding cDNA sequences, and analysed their genetic relationships with those from several mammalian species obtained from the Genbank Database. The encoding nucleic acid sequences of beluga whale and grey seal IL-2 were 465 and 468 bp in length, respectively. The identity levels of IL-2 nucleic and deduced amino acid sequences from the beluga whale and grey seal with those from the other mammalian species, ranged from 59.9% to 89.5%, and 52.9% to 77.3%, and from 61.1% to 93.2%, and 58.7% to 88.4%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on both nucleic and amino acid sequences showed that the beluga whale IL-2 was closely related to that of the ruminant species, which includes the bovine, while the grey seal IL-2 was closely related to that of the canine.
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, seals, Interleukin 2, phylogenetics, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, complementary DNA, nucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, molecular sequence data, Genbank, af072870, Genbank, af072871.
Sweat, J.M., D.D. Dunigan, and S.D. Wright (2001). Characterization of kidney epithelial cells from the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Animal 37(6): 386-394. ISSN: 1071-2690.
NAL Call Number: QH585.A1I58
Descriptors: urinary system, kidney, Florida manatee, epithelial cells, laboratory equipment, cell subculture, histological, cytological, culture techniques, cell culture method, immunocytochemistry, immunologic techniques, minimum essential medium.
Sweat, J.M., C.M. Johnson, and E.P.J. Gibbs (2003). In vitro development and characterization of a manatee bronchial cell line. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Animal 39(5-6): 249-256. ISSN: 1071-2690.
NAL Call Number: QH585.A1I58
Descriptors: cell biology, respiratory system, respiration, manatee, brevetoxicosis, infectious disease, pulmonary disease, bronchial cell line, in vitro, pulmonary disease, in vitro testing, live animal experimentation, mucociliary phenotype.
Synowiecki, J., D.H. Heeley, and F. Shahidi (1992). Purification and characterization of myoglobin from harp seal (Phoca groenlandica). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40(5): 714-718. ISSN: 0021-8561.
NAL Call Number: 381 J8223
Abstract: The purification and characterization of seal meat myoglobin after aqueous extraction of hemoproteins from muscle tissues was investigated. Of the 59.36 mg/g total hemoproteins in seal meat, only 26.9% of its myoglobin content was recovered by the commonly used buffer precipitation method. Similar observations were made for the content of myoglobin in other muscle tissues. Thus, quantification of myoglobin by the phosphate precipitation method is inaccurate. The amino acid composition of harp seal myoglobin was similar to those of gray and harbor seals as well as that of sperm whale.
Descriptors: seal meat, myoglobin, purification, amino acids, harp seal, characterization, Phoca.
Teramitsu, I., Y. Yamamoto, I. Chiba, H. Iwata, S. Tanabe, Y. Fujise, A. Kazusaka, F. Akahori, and S. Fujita (2000). Identification of novel cytochrome P450 1A genes from five marine mammal species. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 51(2): 145-53. ISSN: 0166-445X.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.W3A6
Abstract: Marine mammals, being endangered by the chronic exposure of hydrophobic environmental contaminants as an assorting result of global pollution, are especially focused as indicators for organochlorine pollution. The use of contaminant-induced xenobiotic metabolizers, particularly P450 (CYP) 1A, in marine mammals can be effective as potential biomarkers of the contaminant exposure and/or toxic effects. In this study, we identified the first marine mammalian CYPs. Six novel CYP1A cDNA fragments were cloned from the livers of marine mammal species, minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), largha seal (Phoca largha), and ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) by the method of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR); two distinct fragments were from steller sea lion and one fragment each was obtained from the other species. Five of the fragments, one from each species, were classified in the subfamily of CYP1A1, and the other fragment cloned from steller sea lion was designated CYP1A2. Degenerate PCR primers were used to amplify the fragments from liver cDNAs. The deduced amino acid sequences of these fragment CYP1As showed identities ranging from 50.0 to 94.3% with other known vertebrate CYPs in the subfamily of CYP1A, including those from fish, chicken, and terrestrial mammals. The isolated fragments were used to construct a molecular phylogeny, along with other vertebrate CYP1A cDNAs cut down in size to the corresponding region of 265 bp in which those newly determined fragments were cloned. This phylogenetic analysis by the maximum parsimony method using the PHYLIP program suggests two distinct evolutional pathways for aquatic mammalian CYP1As, compatible to a conservative taxonomy. Pinniped genes are clustered together with dog gene, forming a carnivore group, and cetaceans form another branch. Identification of CYP1A genes in marine mammals will be an introductory step to provide new insights into the metabolic or toxicological functions of CYP1As in these animals.
Descriptors: cytochrome P 450 enzyme system genetics, porpoises physiology, seals, earless physiology, whales genetics, amino acid sequence, base sequence, conserved sequence, isoenzymes metabolism, molecular sequence data, oligonucleotides chemistry, RNA biosynthesis, RNA isolation and purification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Thiemann, G.W., S.M. Budge, W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson (2004). Comment on Grahl-Nielsen et al. (2003) 'Fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue of polar bears and of their prey: ringed seals, bearded seals and harp seals'. Marine Ecology Progress Series 281: 297-301. ISSN: 0171-8630.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.S3M32
Descriptors: Erignathus barbatus, Phoca groenlandica, Phoca hispida, mammalian predators, Ursus maritimus, adipose tissue fatty acid composition, predator comparisons, polar bears, ringed seals, harp seals, comment.
Titenko, A.M. and T.I. Borisova (2003). The antigenic characteristics of the isolates of Baikal seal morbillivirus. Voprosy Virusologii 48(2): 46-48. ISSN: 0507-4088.
Descriptors: immune system, infection, Baikal seal, morbillivirus, ELISA, immunologic techniques, antigenic characteristics.
Tryland, M., J. Klein, E.S. Nordoy, and A.S. Blix (2005). Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell seal. Virus Research 108(1-2): 83-87. ISSN: 0168-1702.
Descriptors: epidemiology, infection, sealpox, viral disease, Weddell seal, etiology, pathology, electron microscopy, parapovirus, skin lesion, biopsy, clinical techniques, diagnostic techniques.
Urashima, T., M. Arita, M. Yoshida, T. Nakamura, I. Arai, T. Saito, J.P.Y. Arnould, K.M. Kovacs, and C. Lydersen (2001). Chemical characterisation of the oligosaccharides in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) and Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 128B(2): 307-323. ISSN: 1096-4959.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Descriptors: hooded seal, Australian fur seal, milk, oligosaccharides, chemical characterization, gel filtration, filtration method, paper chromatography, separation method.
Urashima, T., T. Nakamura, D. Nakagawa, M. Noda, I. Arai, T. Saito, C. Lydersen, and K.M. Kovacs (2004). Characterization of oligosaccharides in milk of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 138(1): 1-18. ISSN: 1096-4959.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Descriptors: bearded seal, milk, oligosaccharides, characterization, gel filtration, chromatographic techniques, laboratory techniques, chromatography.
Urashima, T., T. Nakamura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Munakata, I. Arai, T. Saito, C. Lydersen, and K.M. Kovacs (2003). Chemical characterization of the oligosaccharides in milk of high Arctic harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 135A(4): 549-563. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: Arctic harbour seal, milk, oligosaccharides, characterization, spectrum analysis techniques, chemical characterization, laboratory techniques, gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography.
Varela, R.A. and G.D. Bossart (2005). Evaluation of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226(1): 88-92. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, biochemical analytes, pathological techniques, postmortem interval, antemortem health determination, biochemistry, eye, vitreous humor, use, postmortem interval, antemortem health.
Verger, J.M., M. Grayon, A. Cloeckaert, M. Lefevre, E. Ageron, and F. Grimont (2000). Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping. Research in Microbiology 151(9): 797-9. ISSN: 0923-2508.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A55
Abstract: DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the Brucella strains recently isolated from marine mammals belong to the monospecific genus Brucella (more than 77% DNA relatedness). Ribotyping (HindIII rDNA restriction patterns) showed that they may represent a separate subgroup (marine type) specifically associated with marine mammals.
Descriptors: Brucella classification, Brucella isolation and purification, seawater, deoxyribonuclease hindIII metabolism, dolphins microbiology, mammals microbiology, nucleic acid hybridization, porpoises microbiology, ribotyping, seals, earless microbiology.
Vincent, C., V. Ridoux, M.A. Fedak, and S. Hassani (2002). Mark-recapture and satellite tracking of rehabilitated juvenile grey seals (Halichoerus grypus): dispersal and potential effects on wild populations. Aquatic Mammals 28(2): 121-130. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: grey seals, juvenile, Halichoerus grypus, release, relocation, care in captivity, rehabilitation, tracking techniques, mark, recapture, satellite tracking, North Atlantic, France, Brittany, juveniles release, dispersal, potential effects, wild populations.
Voyles, A.L. and B.C. Taylor (1999). Development of monoclonal antibodies to quantify immunoglobulin G in southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 99: 272. ISSN: 1060-2011.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A5
Descriptors: immune system, infection, bacterial infection, sea otter, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin G, development, bacterial disease, meeting abstract, meeting poster.
Notes: Meeting Information: 99th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 30-June 3, 1999.
Woldstad, S. and B.M. Jenssen (1999). Thyroid hormones in grey seal pups (Halichoerus grypus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Physiology 122(2): 157-162. ISSN: 0300-9629.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: endocrine system, thyroid hormones, grey seal pups, age, growth, metabolism, parturition, changes, birth, weaning, neonatal, plasma concentrations.
Yokoyama, S. (2000). Phylogenetic analysis and experimental approaches to study color vision in vertebrates. In: P. Palczewski (Editor), Vertebrate Phototransduction and the Visual Cycle, Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press: San Diego, CA, p. 312-25.
NAL Call Number: QP601.M49 v. 315
Abstract: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of vertebrate color vision, it is essential to establish associations between amino acid substitutions and the directions of lambda max shifts of visual pigments. In this way, we can identify critical amino acid changes that may be responsible for lambda max shifts of visual pigments. In this process, we may consider only highly conserved residues, simply because the evolutionary conservation often implies functional importance. Using such an "evolutionary model" as a convenient tool in designing mutagenesis experiments, we can test specific hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for color vision in vertebrates. Virtually any vertebrate opsin cDNA can be expressed in COS cells, reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal, and the lambda max values of the regenerated pigments can be measured rather easily. By constructing mutant pigments with desired amino acid changes and conducting the in vitro assay and comparing their lambda max values with those of corresponding wild-type pigments, we can elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lambda max shifts--and color vision--of vertebrates rigorously.
Descriptors: color perception physiology, evolution, molecular, phylogeny, retina physiology, retinal pigments chemistry, retinal pigments genetics, rhodopsin chemistry, amino acid sequence, amino acid substitution, chickens, color perception genetics, dolphins, eels, fishes, lampreys, molecular sequence data, rhodopsin genetics, sequence alignment, sequence homology, amino acid.
Yokoyama, S. and F.B. Radlwimmer (1999). The molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals. Genetics 153(2): 919-32. ISSN: 0016-6731.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 G28
Abstract: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cDNAs of cat (Felis catus), horse (Equus caballus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). These opsins were expressed in COS1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. The purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have lambdamax values at 553, 545, 532, 531, and 516 nm, respectively, which are precise to within +/-1 nm. We also regenerated the "true" red pigment of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has a lambdamax value at 559 +/- 4 nm. Multiple linear regression analyses show that S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, and A308S shift the lambdamax values of the red and green pigments in mammals toward blue by 7, 28, 7, 15, and 16 nm, respectively, and the reverse amino acid changes toward red by the same extents. The additive effects of these amino acid changes fully explain the red-green color vision in a wide range of mammalian species, goldfish, American chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), and pigeon (Columba livia).
Descriptors: color perception genetics, evolution, molecular, mammals genetics, opsin genetics, phylogeny, amino acid sequence, base sequence, COS cells, cats, DNA primers, deer, dolphins, goats, guinea pigs, horses, mammals physiology, mice, molecular sequence data, opsin biosynthesis, opsin chemistry, rabbits, rats, recombinant proteins biosynthesis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Sciuridae, sequence alignment, sequence homology, amino acid, transfection.
Zenteno, S.T., M.A. Castellini, L.D. Rea, and B.S. Fadely (1997). Plasma haptoglobin levels in threatened Alaskan pinniped populations. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(1): 64-71. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: blood, conservation, Alaskan pinniped populations, wildlife management, blood chemistry, disease, haptoglobin, plasma concentration, Steller sea lion, stress, threatened species.
Zhong, J.F., J.T. Harvey, and J.T. Boothby (1998). Characterization of a harbor seal class I major histocompatibility complex cDNA clone. Immunogenetics 48(6): 422-424. ISSN: 0093-7711.
NAL Call Number: QR184.I4
Descriptors: immune system, harbour seal, molecular genetics, complex cDNA clone, histocompatibility, characterization, class I, biochemistry, molecular biophysics.