Amos, W., J.W. Wilmer, K. Fullard, T.M. Burg, J.P. Croxall, D. Bloch, and T. Coulson (2001). The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 268(1480): 2021-7. ISSN: 0962-8452.
Abstract: The relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. A widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction) of individuals born to parents who are not unusually closely related is more or less equal. Examination of three long-lived vertebrates, the long-finned pilot whale, the grey seal and the wandering albatross reveals significant negative relationships between parental similarity and genetic estimates of reproductive success. This effect could, in principle, be driven by a small number of low quality, inbred individuals. However, when the data are partitioned into individuals with above average and below average parental similarity, we find no evidence that the slopes differ, suggesting that the effect is more or less similar across the full range of parental similarity values. Our results thus uncover a selective pressure that favours not only inbreeding avoidance, but also the selection of maximally dissimilar mates.
Descriptors: birds physiology, dolphins physiology, reproduction, seals, earless physiology, birds genetics, dolphins genetics, genotype, inbreeding, seals, earless genetics.
Arnould, J.P.Y., I.L. Boyd, and A. Clarke (1995). A simplified method for determining the gross chemical composition of pinniped milk samples. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73(2): 404-410. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: lactation, metabolism, reproductive system, reproduction, energy, pinniped, lipid, milk composition, fur seals.
Arnould, J.P.Y., I.L. Boyd, and D.G. Socha (1996). Milk consumption and growth efficiency in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74(2): 254-266. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: fur seal, metabolism, nutrition, physiology, reproductive system, reproduction, skeletal system, adipose stores, body composition, body lipid reserve, female, lactation, male, maternal attendance, maternal foraging trip, sex difference, milk consumption, growth efficiency.
Arnould, J.P.Y., S.P. Luque, C. Guinet, D.P. Costa, J. Kingston, and S.A. Shaffer (2003). The comparative energetics and growth strategies of sympatric Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal pups at Iles Crozet. Journal of Experimental Biology 206(24): 4497-4506. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: development, evolution and adaptation, metabolism, behavioral activity, body composition, climatic conditions, comparative energetics, foraging skills, growth strategies, infant growth strategies, maternal dependence, maternal provisioning, metabolic rate, physiological development, post weaning food availability, resource partitioning, sympatric species.
Arnould, J.P.Y. and M.A. Hindell (2002). Milk consumption, body composition and pre-weaning growth rates of Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) pups. Journal of Zoology (London) 256(3): 351-359. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: development, body composition, breeding period, lactation, mass gain efficiency, milk consumption, pre weaning growth rates, fur seal.
Arnould, J.P.Y. and M.A. Hindell (1999). The composition of Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk throughout lactation. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72(5): 605-612. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, body mass, energy content, foraging behavior, lactation, water content.
Bester, M.N. (1995). Reproduction in the female subantarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis. Marine Mammal Science 11(3): 362-375. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: subantarctic fur seal, morphology, reproductive system, reproduction, female reproductive morphology, gestation, pregnancy rate, seasonal cycle, ovulation, delayed implantation.
Boltnev, A.I. (1994). Prenatal maternal investment in offspring of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus (Otariidae, Pinnipedia). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 73(3): 126-135. ISSN: 0044-5134.
NAL Call Number: 410 R92
Descriptors: fur seal, offspring, prenatal maternal investment, age of female, reproduction, mass of pups, date of birth.
Boltnev, A.I., A.E. York, and G.A. Antonelis (1998). Northern fur seal young: interrelationships among birth size, growth, and survival. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(5): 843-854. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: development, growth, birth size, body condition, lactation, survival, breeding season, mass, length, reproduction.
Boyd, I.L. (1998). Time and energy constraints in pinniped lactation. American Naturalist 152(5): 717-728. ISSN: 0003-0147.
NAL Call Number: 470 AM36
Descriptors: pinniped, lactation, time, energy, evolution and adaptation, body mass, body reserves, energetic cost, energy constraints, foraging, lactation, life history, local prey resources, phylogeny, pupping colony, time constraints.
Brandon, E.A.A., D.G. Calkins, T.R. Loughlin, and R.W. Davis (2005). Neonatal growth of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups in alaska. Fishery Bulletin (Seattle) 103(2): 246-257. ISSN: 0090-0656.
Descriptors: development, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, biogeography, population studies, neonatal growth, sea lion, Alaska.
Carlini, A.R., M.E.I. Marquez, S. Ramdohr, H. Bornemann, H.O. Panarello, and G.A. Daneri (2001). Postweaning duration and body composition changes in southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) pups at King George Island. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74(4): 531-540. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: development, body composition changes, body mass, energy expenditure, energy reserves, postweaning duration, water content, weaning mass, elephant seal, King George Island, pups.
Carlini, A.R., H.O. Panarello, M.E.I. Marquez, G.A. Daneri, and G.E. Soave (2000). Energy gain and loss during lactation and postweaning in southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) at King George Island. Polar Biology 23(6): 437-440. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: bioenergetics, biochemistry and molecular biophysics, development, body gross energy, energy costs, energy gain, energy loss, lactation, postweaning, proximate body condition, suckling period, elephant seal, pups, King George Island, Antarctica.
Caudron, A.K., C.R. Joiris, and J.C. Ruwet (2001). Comparative activity budget among grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) breeding colonies: the importance of marginal populations. Mammalia 65(3): 373-382. ISSN: 0025-1461.
NAL Call Number: 410 M31
Descriptors: behavior, evolution and adaptation, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, behavioral adaptations, behavioral plasticity, breeding behavior, breeding colonies, comparative activity budgets, energy balance, environmental characteristics, geography, littoral environments, marginal populations, mating strategies, population size, grey seals.
Caudron, A. (1998). Behavioural plasticity in function of the breeding environment in a marine mammal, the grey seal Halichoerus grypus. Cahiers D'Ethologie Fondamentale Et Appliquee, Animale Et Humaine (Belgium) 18(3-4): 299-550. ISSN: 0778-7103.
Descriptors: behavior, population studies, activity budget, behavioral plasticity, breeding habitat, ecological conditions, habitat adaptation, behavior, grey seal.
Caudron, A.K. (1997). The structure and behavior of the grey seal Halichoerus grypus breeding group of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ambio 26(6): 404. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: population studies, behavior, breeding group structure, note, grey seal, reproduction, breeding.
Coltman, D.W., W.D. Bowen, S.J. Iverson, and D.J. Boness (1998). The energetics of male reproduction in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal. Physiological Zoology 71(4): 387-399. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: metabolism, reproduction, isotope dilution, harbour seal, pinniped, male, aquatic mating, body composition, body mass, body size, breeding season, energy expenditure, energy intake, estrus, foraging, terrestrial mating.
Da Silva, I. and S. Larson (2005). Predicting reproduction in captive sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Zoo Biology 24(1): 73-81. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Enhydra lutris, sea otter, reproductive techniques, female reproductive status, assessment in captivity, pregnancy diagnosis, delayed implantation, gestation length, progestagens, estrogen, weight gain.
Davis, T.A., H.V. Nguyen, D.P. Costa, and P.J. Reeds (1995). Amino acid composition of pinniped milk. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 110B(3): 633-639.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: The total amino acid concentration and the amino acid pattern, i.e. the relative proportion of each amino acid (protein-bound plus free) to the total amino acids, in the milks of the Northern elephant seal, Antarctic fur seal, California sea lion. and Australian sea lion were determined. Total amino acid concentration was 10% (w/v) or greater and did not vary significantly among species. The most abundant amino acids in the milks of all species were glutamate. proline and leucine. Essential amino acids were 40%, branched-chain amino acids were 20%, and sulfur amino acids were 4% of the total milk amino acids in all species. There were differences among the pinnipeds in some of the individual amino acids; the milk of the Northern elephant seal was the most distinct among the pinnipeds with higher histidine, serine and cystine contents a a lower methionine content than that of other pinnipeds. There was little effect of stage of lactation on total amino acid concentration or amino acid pattern in pinniped milk. Comparison of milk from the four pinniped species with that of 14 other mammalian species suggests commonality in milk amino acid pattern despite the wide variation in total amino acid concentration among the species.
Descriptors: seals, sea lions, seal milk, amino acids, composition, lactation, comparisons.
Debier, C., K.M. Kovacs, C. Lydersen, E. Mignolet, and Y. Larondelle (1999). Vitamin E and vitamin A contents, fatty acid profiles, and gross composition of harp and hooded seal milk through lactation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77(6): 952-958. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: nutrition, reproduction, birth, fatty acid profiles, gross composition, lactation, vitamin A, vitamin E, harp seal, hooded seal, milk.
Debier, C., P.P. Pomeroy, N. Van Wouwe, E. Mignolet, P.V. Baret, and Y. Larondelle (2002). Dynamics of vitamin A in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) mothers and pups throughout lactation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80(7): 1262-1273. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: development, nutrition, lactation, nutrient dynamics, parturition, placental transfer, weaning, vitamin A, mothers, pups, concentrations, milk, serum, grey seal.
Debier, C., P.P. Pomeroy, J.P. Thome, E. Mignolet, T. De Tillesse, and Y. Larondelle (2004). An unexpected parallelism between vitamin A and PCBs in seal milk. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 68(2): 179-183. ISSN: 0166-445X.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.W3A6
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, reproductive system, reproduction, toxicology, vitamin A, vitamin E, seal milk, PCBs, lactation.
Donohue, M.J., D.P. Costa, E. Goebel, G.A. Antonelis, and J.D. Baker (2002). Milk intake and energy expenditure of free-ranging northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 75(1): 3-18. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: chemical coordination and homeostasis, metabolism, body composition, energetic investment, energy expenditure, field metabolic rate, lactation, metabolism, milk intake, molt, pelage condition, total body lipid, total body water, fur seal, pups, milk, energy expenditure, free ranging.
Ellis, S.L., B.W. Don, D.J. Boness, and S.J. Iverson (2000). Maternal effects on offspring mass and stage of development at birth in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. Journal of Mammalogy 81(4): 1143-1156. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: development, reproduction, harbour seal, offspring, stage of development, maternal age, maternal effects, maternal mass, offspring mass, parturition date, postpartum mass, reproductive parity, birth, Phoca.
Engelhard, G.H., S.M.J.M. Brasseur, A.J. Hall, H.R. Burton, and P.J.H. Reijnders (2002). Adrenocortical responsiveness in southern elephant seal mothers and pups during lactation and the effect of scientific handling. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 172(4): 315-328. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Abstract: We examined the cortisol responses to chemical and physical restraint stress in southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina females and their pups at three stages during lactation. In anaesthetised females the serum cortisol levels changed moderately during the 45-min sampling period following restraint, with average peaks at 23 min after anaesthetic administration. Overall, cortisol was relatively low 2 days postpartum and increased throughout lactation. In physically restrained pups serum cortisol increased rapidly after capture; the response was milder at age 2 days than at 11 days and 21 days. Levels were higher in female pups than in males. In order to test whether cortisol levels and/or responses became chronically (i.e. days to weeks) altered due to restraint, we compared the cortisol response at a late stage of lactation between three groups of mother-pup pairs previously given different levels of chemical (mothers) or physical (pups) restraint stress: control (not handled previously), moderate treatment (previously handled twice), and high treatment (previously handled 3-4 times). Pups of the three treatment groups showed similar adrenocortical responses suggesting no chronic effect of repeated physical restraint, despite the clear acute effects. Mothers of the control and moderate treatment groups showed similar cortisol responses; however, mothers of the high treatment group showed significantly attenuated responses. This indicated that elephant seals tolerated moderate degrees of handling disturbance; however, repeated (3-4) chemical immobilisations in lactating females may reduce their adrenocortical responsiveness for a period of days or weeks.
Descriptors: Mirounga, seals, anesthesia, restraint of animals, cortisol, hormone secretion, dams mothers, pups, lactation stage, body weight, gender differences, temporal variation, geographical variation, humans, residual effects, animal welfare, Antarctica, Mirounga leonina, human presence, chronic effects, Macquarie Island.
Fabiani, A., F. Galimberti, S. Sanvito, and A.R. Hoelzel (2004). Extreme polygyny among southern elephant seals on Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands. Behavioral Ecology 15(6): 961-969. ISSN: 1045-2249.
Descriptors: behavior, ecology, environmental sciences, reproduction, elephant seals, Falkland Islands, extreme polygyny, genetic paternity, mating success, variance.
Fedak, M.A., T. Arnbom, and I.L. Boyd (1996). The relation between the size of southern elephant seal mothers, the growth of their pups, and the use of maternal energy, fat and protein during lactation. Physiological Zoology 69(4): 887-911. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: development, lactation, metabolism, reproductive system, adult, body mass, transfer, fat, female, elephant seal, maternal energy, mother, parturition, protein, pup, pup growth, size.
Gales, N.J., P. Williamson, L.V. Higgins, M.A. Blackberry, and I. James (1997). Evidence for a prolonged postimplantation period in the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 111(2): 159-163. ISSN: 0022-4251.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8222
Descriptors: endocrine system, reproductive system, reproduction, gestation, sea lion, prolonged postimplantation period, progesterone, oestradiol.
Gales, N.J., D.P. Costa, and M. Kretzmann (1996). Proximate composition of Australian sea lion milk throughout the entire supra-annual lactation period. Australian Journal of Zoology 44(6): 651-657. ISSN: 0004-959X.
NAL Call Number: 410 AU73
Descriptors: nutrition, reproductive system, reproduction, sea lion, lactation period, lipids, milk proximate composition, energy transfer, nutrition, protein, milk fat content, water.
Garcia, A.M.C. (2004). Breeding biology of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) at the Isla San Benito del Oeste, eastern Pacific, Mexico. Aquatic Mammals 30(2): 289-295. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: northern elephant seal, breeding biology, eastern Pacific, Mexico, reproduction, birth rate, breeding season, death rate, San Benito Islands.
Gazo, M., L.M. Gonzales, and E. Grau (2000). Age at first parturition in a Mediterranean monk seal monitored long-term. Marine Mammal Science 16(1): 257-260. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: development, Mediterranean monk seal, reproduction, population studies, long term monitoring, age at first parturition, sexual maturity.
Gonzalez, L.M., M.A. Cedenilla, P.F. De Larrinoa, J.F. Layna, and F. Aparicio (2002). Changes in the breeding variables of the mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) colony of Cabo Blanco peninsula after a mass mortality episode. Mammalia 66(2): 173-182. ISSN: 0025-1461.
NAL Call Number: 410 M31
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, monk seal, changes, age structure, annual productivity, birth rates, breeding variables, caves, habitat availability, human interference, Cabo Blanco, mass mortality episodes, open beaches, population size, survival, colony.
Grahl, N.O., M.O. Hammill, C. Lydersen, and S. Wahlstrom (2000). Transfer of fatty acids from female seal blubber via milk to pup blubber. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 170(4): 277-283. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: nutrition, seal, female, blubber, pup, gas chromatography, fatty acids, milk, transfer, composition.
Guilherme, C., A. Bianchini, P.E. Martinez, R.B. Robaldo, and E.P. Colares (2004). Serum leptin concentration during the terrestrial phase of the Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (Carnivora: Phocidae). General and Comparative Endocrinology 139(2): 137-142. ISSN: 0016-6480.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 G28
Descriptors: southern elephant seal, proteins, leptin, serum concentration, terrestrial phase, pelage, moulting, reproduction, South Shetland Islands, Elephant Island, serum leptin concentration, terrestrial phase, radioimmunoassay, male, female, hormonal stimulation.
Guinet, C. and J.Y. Georges (2000). Growth in pups of the subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) on Amsterdam Island. Journal of Zoology (London) 251(3): 289-296. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: growth, mass gain, mass loss, fur seal, maternal attendance, pup growth, rearing period, foraging trips, weaning.
Guinet, C., N. Servera, S. Mangin, J.Y. Georges, and A. Lacroix (2004). Change in plasma cortisol and metabolites during the attendance period ashore in fasting lactating subantarctic fur seals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 137A(3): 523-531. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Abstract: Lactating fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) alternate foraging trips at sea and pup attendance periods ashore. During the onshore nursing periods, lactating females do not have access to food and meet both their own metabolic requirements and milk production from their body reserve. Blood and milk samples were collected from females captured soon after their arrival ashore from a foraging trip and before their departure. Milk lipid but not milk protein content was positively related to the body condition index (BCI) of the female. During the 4-day attendance period ashore, females lost body mass, and plasma cortisol levels increased, whereas plasma urea concentration decreased and (beta)-hydroxybutyrate ((beta)-OHB) remained unchanged. The increase in cortisol level took place while blood urea concentration decreased and (beta)-OHB remained at a low level suggesting that it was independent from the transition from phase II to phase III that is indicative of the depletion of lipid body store as described in penguins. Thus, our results suggest that the increase in cortisol level in relation to decreasing BCI may either contribute to the mobilization of protein stores to ensure milk production when easily mobilized stores are used and/or could act as a re-feeding signal which is triggered well before females have depleted their body store. 1.
Descriptors: Arctocephalus, seals, fur bearing animals, lactation, foraging, feeding behavior, cortisol, urea, 3 hydroxybutyric acid, blood plasma, maternal milk, milk synthesis, milk composition, body condition, Arctocephalus tropicalis, seal milk, refeeding signals.
Hall, A.J., B.J. McConnell, and R.J. Barker (2002). The effect of total immunoglobulin levels, mass and condition on the first-year survival of grey seal pups. Functional Ecology 16(4): 462-474. ISSN: 0269-8463.
NAL Call Number: QH540.F85
Descriptors: growth, immune system, grey seals, pups, antigenic challenge, body condition, body mass, survival, immunoglobulin levels, effect.
Harding, K.C., M. Fujiwara, Y. Axberg, and T. Harkonen (2005). Mass-dependent energetics and survival in harbour seal pups. Functional Ecology 19(1): 129-135. ISSN: 0269-8463.
NAL Call Number: QH540.F85
Abstract: Winter survival in harbour seal pups is correlated with the autumn body mass of pups. The probability of surviving to an age of 1 year is only 0.63 for the smallest pups at 17 kg. However, pups at 32 kg have a survival probability of 0.96. The metabolic rate is related to body mass, skin surface area, blubber thickness and water temperature. There is an increasing thermal stress with decreasing body size of pups. In winter, low water temperatures induce a negative energy balance in small pups. These findings link a physical property of the environment, sea-water temperature, to energetics and life history.
Descriptors: metabolism, development, water temperature, metabolic rate, body mass, thermoregulation, skin surface area, blubber thickness, harbour seals, pups, energetics, survival.
Hedd, A., R. Gales, and D. Renouf (1995). Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a harbour seal mother and her pup throughout lactation. Polar Biology 15(3): 155-160. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, digestive system, ingestion, harbour seal, nutrition, physiology, lactation, pup, reproduction, maternal investment, milk intake, nursing, stomach temperature, suckling bout length, telemetry.
Hobson, B.M. and L. Wide (1986). Gonadotrophin in the term placenta of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus), the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and man. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 76(2): 637-44. ISSN: 0022-4251.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8222
Abstract: Chorionic gonadotrophin activity in extracts of the term placenta of a dolphin, a sea lion and a grey seal was measured by its effectiveness in increasing uterine weight in the mouse and by solid-phase RIA using hCG as immunogen and labelled antigen. Bioreactive (B) gonadotrophin was found in these placentae and, compared to the human term placenta, the concentration of CG in the dolphin was higher, in the sea lion similar and in the grey seal lower. The biological activity in each species was neutralized with a rabbit anti-hCG serum. All placental extracts contained material active in the hCG immunoassay (I). The ratio B/I was significantly higher for the CG in the placental extracts of the marine mammals compared with that of the human term placenta. Results of in-vivo bioassay, RIA, electrophoretic and gel-chromatographic studies indicate structural similarities between CG in the placentae of the marine mammals and human CG.
Descriptors: chorionic gonadotropin analysis, dolphins metabolism, Pinnipedia metabolism, placenta analysis, sea lions metabolism, biological assay, chromatography, gel, electrophoresis, agar gel, mice, radioimmunoassay.
Houser, D.S. and D.P. Costa (2001). Protein catabolism in suckling and fasting northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 171(8): 635-642. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: Mirounga angustirostris, proteins, catabolism, suckling vs fasting young, diet, energy budget, starvation, fasting, California, San Mateo County, Ano Nuevo State Reserve, suckling vs fasting young protein catabolism, energy budget relationships.
Ishinazaka, T., M. Suzuki, Y. Yamamoto, T. Isono, N. Harada, J.I. Mason, M. Watabe, M. Tsunokawa, and N. Ohtaishi (2001). Immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum and the placenta of the ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) and Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 63(9): 955-959. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: enzymology, biochemistry, reproductive system, ribbon seal, Steller sea lion, reproduction, immunohistochemistry, enzymes, corpus luteum, placenta.
Kastelein, R.A., H.J. Groenenberg, and P.R. Wiepkema (1995). Detailed observations of suckling behaviour of a grey seal Halichoerus grypus at Harderwijk Marine Mammal Park. International Zoo Yearbook 34(0): 186-200. ISSN: 0074-9664.
NAL Call Number: QL76.I5
Descriptors: behavior, development, nutrition, grey seal, maternal food intake, mother pup interaction, pup development, suckling behavior, release.
Kiyota, M., Y. Yamaguchi, F. Nishikawa, and K. Kohyama (1999). Cytological changes in vaginal smear and epithelium associated with the reproductive cycle in northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (36): 17-25. ISSN: 0386-7285.
Descriptors: cell biology, reproductive system, reproduction, vaginal smear, anestrus, cytological changes, northern fur seal, egg implantation, estrus, ovulation, epithelium, reproductive cycle.
Kovacs, K.M., C. Lydersen, M.O. Hammill, B.N. White, P.J. Wilson, and S. Malik (1997). A harp seal x hooded seal hybrid. Marine Mammal Science 13(3): 460-468. ISSN: 0824-0469.
Descriptors: genetics, reproductive system, reproduction, harp seal, hooded seal, hybridization, macrosatellite DNA, mating, mitochondrial DNA .
Larkin, I.L.V., T.S. Gross, and R.L. Reep (2005). Use of faecal testosterone concentrations to monitor male Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) reproductive status. Aquatic Mammals 31(1): 52-61. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: manatee, reproduction, radioimmunoassay, laboratory techniques, fecal testosterone, reproductive status, sexually mature, breeding.
Larkin, I.L.V., T.S. Gross, and R.L. Reep (2003). Measuring fecal hormone concentrations in the endangered Florida manatee. Biology of Reproduction 68(Suppl. 1): 359. ISSN: 0006-3363.
NAL Call Number: QL876.B5
Descriptors: endocrine system, reproductive system, reproduction, fecal hormone, concentration, measuring, fecal radioimmunoassay, laboratory techniques, estrous cycle.
Notes: Meeting Information: Thirty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Cincinnati, OH, USA, July 19-22, 2003.
Laws, R.M., A. Baird, and M.M. Bryden (2003). Size and growth of the crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophagus (Mammalia: Carnivora). Journal of Zoology (London) 259(1): 103-108. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: development, crabeater seal, axillary girth, body length, body size, body weight, growth, molting, seasonal variation, size.
Layna, J.F., M.A. Cedenilla, F. Aparicio, and L.M. Gonzalez (1999). Observations of parturition in the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus). Marine Mammal Science 15(3): 879-882. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, body size, cave habitat, parturition, reproductive biology, monk seal, observations.
Lidgard, D.C., D.J. Boness, W.D. Bowen, and J.I. McMillan (2005). State-dependent male mating tactics in the grey seal: the importance of body size. Behavioral Ecology 16(3): 541-549. ISSN: 1045-2249.
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, endurance, body composition, body size, energy expenditure, mating tactics, mating tactics, grey seal.
Lidgard, D.C., D.J. Boness, W.D. Bowen, and J.I. McMillan (2003). Diving behaviour during the breeding season in the terrestrially breeding male grey seal: implications for alternative mating tactics. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(6): 1025-1033. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, diving behavior, phenotypic traits, reproductive success, grey seals, breeding, mating tactics.
Lima, M. and E. Paez (1995). Growth and reproductive patterns in the South American fur seal. Journal of Mammalogy 76(4): 1249-1255. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: development, South American fur seal, metabolism, reproductive system, reproduction, body weight, embryonic growth, energy allocation, lactation, pregnancy rate, reproductive rates.
Lydersen, C., K.M. Kovacs, and M.O. Hammill (1997). Energetics during nursing and early postweaning fasting in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 167(2): 81-88. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: metabolism, nutrition, body mass, energetics, energy intake, energy storage, hooded seal, Gulf of St. Lawrence, lactation, metabolic rate, metabolism, milk composition, milk intake, nursing period, postweaning fasting, pup, energetics.
Lydersen, C., K.M. Kovacs, M.O. Hammill, and I. Gjertz (1996). Energy intake and utilisation by nursing bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) pups from Svalbard, Norway. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 166(7): 405-411. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: development, metabolism, nutrition, carbon dioxide production, energy intake, energy utilization, fat content, metabolic rate, milk, nursing, nutrition, pup, bearded seal, Svalbard.
Marquez, M.E.I., A.R. Carlini, N.H. Slobodianik, P.A. Ronayne de Ferrer, and M.F. Godoy (1998). Immunoglobulin M serum levels in females and pups of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) during the suckling period. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Physiology 119(3): 795-799. ISSN: 0300-9629.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: development, immune system, growth, elephant seal, single radial immunodiffusion, immunological method, lactation, suckling period, immunoglonulin M, serum levels, females, pups.
Marquez, M.E.I., N.H. Slobodianik, P.A. Ronayne de Ferrer, A.R. Carlini, D.F. Vergani, and G.A. Daneri (1995). Immunoglobulin A levels in southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) milk during the suckling period. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112B(3): 569-572.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in milk samples from southern elephant seals at King George Island, Antarctica are reported. IgA levels were determined throughout the suckling period (approximately 23 days). The IgA concentration in southern elephant seal milk was lower than in other mammals and, unlike most mammalian milk, was not high during early lactation. There was not a definite pattern in IgA levels, which fluctuated within narrow limits throughout the suckling period (mean +/- SD, 30.81 +/- 6.38 mg IgA/100 g milk). If IgG was present, its level was too low to be detected by the method used. This is the first evidence in Southern elephant seal of the possibility of transmission of passive immunity after birth involving secretion of IgA in the milk.
Descriptors: seals, mirounga, seal milk, milk proteins, whey protein, immunoglobulins.
Mellish, J.A., S.J. Iverson, and W.D. Bowen (2000). Metabolic compensation during high energy output in fasting, lactating grey seals (Halichoerus grypus): metabolic ceilings revisited. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 267(1449): 1245-51. ISSN: 0962-8452.
Abstract: Lactation is the most energetically expensive period for female mammals and is associated with some of the highest sustained metabolic rates (SusMR) in vertebrates (reported as total energy throughput). Females typically deal with this energy demand by increasing food intake and the structure of the alimentary tract may act as the central constraint to ceilings on SusMR at about seven times resting or standard metabolic rate (SMR). However, demands of lactation may also be met by using a form of metabolic compensation such as reducing locomotor activities or entering torpor. In some phocid seals, cetaceans and bears, females fast throughout lactation and thus cannot offset the high energetic costs of lactation through increased food intake. We demonstrate that fasting grey seal females sustain, for several weeks, one of the highest total daily energy expenditures (DEE; 7.4 x SMR) reported in mammals, while progressively reducing maintenance metabolic expenditures during lactation through means not explained by reduction in lean body mass or behavioural changes. Simultaneously, the energy-exported in milk is progressively increased, associated with increased lipoprotein lipase activity in the mammary gland, resulting in greater offspring growth. Our results suggest that females use compensatory mechanisms to help meet the extraordinary energetic costs of lactation. Additionally, although the concepts of SusMR and ceilings on total DEE may be somewhat different in fasting lactating species, our data on phocid seals demonstrate that metabolic ceilings on milk energy output, in general, are not constrained by the same kind of peripheral limitations as are other energy-consuming tissues. In phocid seals, the high ceilings on DEE during lactation, coupled with metabolic compensation, are undoubtedly important factors enabling shortened lactation.
Descriptors: energy metabolism physiology, fasting metabolism, lactation physiology, seals, earless metabolism.
Mellish, J.E. and S.J. Iverson (2005). Postpartum dynamics of reproductive hormones in gray and hooded seals. Marine Mammal Science 21(1): 162-168. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: gray seal, hooded seal, Cystophora cristata, hormones, mammary glands, lactation, Canada, Gulf of St. Lawrence pack ice, female reproductive hormones, postpartum dynamics.
Mellish, J.E., S.J. Iverson, W.D. Bowen, and M.O. Hammill (1999). Fat transfer and energetics during lactation in the hooded seal: the roles of tissue lipoprotein lipase in milk fat secretion and pup blubber deposition. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 169(6): 377-390. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: enzymology, physiology, energetics, metabolism, fat transfer, lactation, fasting, milk fat secretion, pup blubber deposition, hooded seals, lipoprotein lipase, triglyceride fatty acids.
Miller, D.L., M.M. Dougherty, S.J. Decker, and G.D. Bossart (2001). Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa from a Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 30(4): 253-256. ISSN: 0340-2096.
NAL Call Number: SF761,Z4
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, spermatazoa, manatee, ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy, electron microscopy, elephant, hyrax, comparison.
Miller, E.H. and L.E. Burton (2001). It's all relative: allometry and variation in the baculum (os penis) of the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Carnivora: Phocidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72(3): 345-355. ISSN: 0024-4066.
NAL Call Number: QH301.B56
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, allometry, body length, male quality, male viability, mate choice, promiscuous mating system, baculum, harp seal.
Miller, E.H., I.L. Jones, and G.B. Stenson (1999). Baculum and testes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): growth and size-scaling and their relationships to sexual selection. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77(3): 470-479. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: development, reproductive system, reproduction, body size, growth, baculum, testes, hooded seal, growth, body length.
Miller, E.H., K.W. Pitcher, and T.R. Loughlin (2000). Bacular size, growth, and allometry in the largest extant otariid, the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Mammalogy 81(1): 134-144. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, Steller sea lion, bacular, growth, allometry, age, length.
Miller, E.H., A.R.J. Stewart, and G.B. Stenson (1998). Bacular and testicular growth, allometry, and variation in the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus). Journal of Mammalogy 79(2): 502-513. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, allometry, body length, sexual selection, size variation, harp seal, bacular, testicular, old, young, mass.
Modig, A.O. (1996). Effects of body size and harem size on male reproductive behaviour in the southern elephant seal. Animal Behaviour 51(6): 1295-1306. ISSN: 0003-3472.
NAL Call Number: 410 B77
Descriptors: behavior, morphology, reproductive system, reproduction, agonistic behavior, copulatory frequency, mating success, elephant seal, body size, harem size, South Georgia.
Moldig, A., H. Engstrom, and T. Arnbom (1997). Postweaning behaviour in pups of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) on South Georgia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(4): 582-588. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, dental and oral system, development, postweaning, nutrition, body mass, foraging, postweaning behavior, pup, fasting, South Georgia, tooth eruption.
Morejohn, G.V. (2001). Baculum of the Weddell seal with comparisons to other phocid seals. Journal of Mammalogy 82(3): 877-881. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: development, morphology, reproductive system, reproduction, bacular development, Weddell seal, phocid seals.
Ochoa Acuna, H. (1995). Ecological and physiological factors that influence pup birth weight and postnatal growth of Juan Fernandez fur seals, Arctocephalus philippii. Dissertation, University of Florida: Gainesville, FL.
Descriptors: Guadalupe fur seal, growth, physiology, reproduction.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.). University of Florida, 1995.
Ochoa, A.H., J.M. Francis, and O.T. Oftedal (1999). Influence of long intersuckling interval on composition of milk in the Juan Fernandez fur seal, Arctocephalus philippii. Journal of Mammalogy 80(3): 758-767. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: nutrition, reproduction, energy content, foraging, lactation, intersuckling interval, maternal strategies, fat concentration, foraging, fur seal, Juan Fernandez.
Odendaal, P.N., M.N. Bester, M. Van der Merwe, and W.H. Oosthuizen (2002). Seasonal changes in the ovarian structure of the cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus. Australian Journal of Zoology 50(5): 491-506. ISSN: 0004-959X.
NAL Call Number: 410 AU73
Descriptors: reproduction, breeding season, follicular activity, ovulation, cape fur seal, ovarian structure, reproductive cycle, seasonal changes.
Oftedal, O.T. (2000). Use of maternal reserves as a lactation strategy in large mammals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59(1): 99-106. ISSN: 0029-6651.
Abstract: The substrate demands of lactation must be met by increased dietary intake or by mobilization of nutrients from tissues. The capacity of animals to rely on stored nutrients depends to a large extent on body size; large animals have greater stores, relative to the demands of lactation, than do small animals. The substrate demands of lactation depend on the composition and amount of milk produced. Animals that fast or feed little during lactation are expected to produce milks low in sugar but high in fat, in order to minimize needs for gluconeogenesis while sustaining energy transfers to the young. The patterns of nutrient transfer are reviewed for four taxonomic groups that fast during part of or throughout lactation: sea lions and fur seals (Carnivora: Otariidae), bears (Carnivora: Ursidae), true seals (Carnivora: Phocidae) and baleen whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti). All these groups produce low-sugar high-fat milks, although the length of lactation, rate of milk production and growth of the young are variable. Milk protein concentrations also tend to be low, if considered in relation to milk energy content. Maternal reserves are heavily exploited for milk production in these taxa. The amounts of lipid transferred to the young represent about one-fifth to one-third of maternal lipid stores; the relative amount of the gross energy of the body transferred in the milk is similar. Some seals and bears also transfer up to 16-18 % of the maternal body protein via milk. Reliance on maternal reserves has allowed some large mammals to give birth and lactate at sites and times far removed from food resources.
Descriptors: body constitution, fasting physiology, lactation physiology, seals, earless physiology, whales physiology, diet, milk chemistry.
Oftedal, O.T., W.D. Bowen, and D.J. Boness (1996). Lactation performance and nutrient deposition in pups of the harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, on ice floes off southeast Labrador. Physiological Zoology 69(3): 635-657. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: development, metabolism, morphology, nutrition, reproductive system, reproduction, harp seal, lactation, nutrient deposition, pups, body mass, body water content, energy output, milk intake, milk lipid, milk transfer, energy.
Ono, K.A. and D.J. Boness (1996). Sexual dimorphism in sea lion pups: differential maternal investment, or sex-specific differences in energy allocation? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38(1): 31-41. ISSN: 0340-5443.
NAL Call Number: QL751.B4
Descriptors: behavior, development, sea lion, pups, metabolism, reproduction, sexual dimorphism, assimilation efficiency, growth rate, metabolic rate, milk production, maternal investment, energy allocation.
Oosthuizen, W.H. and E.H. Miller (2000). Bacular and testicular growth and allometry in the cape fur seal Arctocephalus p. pusillus (Otariidae). Marine Mammal Science 16(1): 124-140. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: development, reproductive system, reproduction, allometry, fur seal, bacular growth, testicular growth, allometry, body length, growth spurt, sperm competition.
Ortiz, R.M., S.H. Adams, D.P. Costa, and C.L. Ortiz (1996). Plasma vasopressin levels and water conservation in fasting, postweaned northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Marine Mammal Science 12(1): 99-106. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: blood, circulation, development, elephant seal, pups, urinary system, physiology, electrolyte homeostasis, kidney, urine, concentrating ability, plasma, post weaning, vasopressin levels, water conservation.
Pastor, T. and A. Aguilar (2003). Reproductive cycle of the female Mediterranean monk seal in the western Sahara. Marine Mammal Science 19(2): 318-330. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: reproduction, estrus, interbirth period, lactation duration, molt to parturition period, parturition, monk seal, reproductive cycle, semi permanent upwelling, subtropical location, weaning to molt period, western Sahara.
Perry, E.A. and W. Amos (1998). Genetic and behavioral evidence that harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) females may mate with multiple males. Marine Mammal Science 14(1): 178-182. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, DNA fingerprinting, molecular genetic method, harbour seal, females, captive breeding colony, multiple mating, paternity testing.
Pietraszek, J. and S. Atkinson (1994). Concentrations of estrone sulfate and progesterone in plasma and saliva, vaginal cytology, and bioelectric impedance during the estrous cycle of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Marine Mammal Science 10(4): 430-441. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: biosynchronization, blood, monk seal, cell biology, physiology, reproductive system, estrus cycle, reproduction, progesterone, estrone, plasma, vaginal cytology, cornified epithelial cells, follicular phase, luteal phase, bioelectric impedance.
Powell, K.P. and S.A. Rommel (2000). Reproductive anatomy of the female Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). American Zoologist 40(6): 1176-1177. ISSN: 0003-1569.
NAL Call Number: 410 AM3
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, comparative analysis, reproductive anatomy, Florida manatee, ovary, uterus, sexual dimorphism, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2001.
Puppione, D.L., C.M. Kuehlthau, R.J. Jandacek, and D.P. Costa (1996). Chylomicron triacylglycerol fatty acids in suckling northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) resemble the composition and the distribution of fatty acids in milk fat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 114B(1): 53-57.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Following birth, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups rapidly gain weight by ingesting milk with a high fat content, as much as 50%. To better understand the metabolism of the pups during the suckling period, the positional distributions of triacylglycerol fatty acids in both the milk and chylomicra were determined. Extracts of enzymatically digested lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography and the constituent fatty acids were separated and quantified by gas liquid chromatography. Over 84% of the fatty acids were either monoenoic or saturated, with the ratio of monoenoic to saturated fatty acids ranging between 2.9-4.0. Positional distributional analyses revealed that the very long chain monoenoics (20:1 and 22:1) were located primarily at the sn-1,3 positions of milk triacylglycerols. In the interval between the onset of lactation to the time of weaning, the content of these very long chain monoenoic fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions increased from 13-37%. At the sn-2 position, the percentage of 18:1 was 3-5-fold higher than 16:1. Analyses indicated that the triacylglycerols in both milk and suckling pup chylomicra were similar. This particularly was true for the distributions at the sn-2 position, indicating that milk fats are being absorbed primarily via the 2-monoacylglycerol pathway.
Descriptors: seals, seal milk, milk fat, chylomicron lipids, triacylglycerols, monoenoic fatty acids, oleic acid, palmitic acid, long chain fatty acids, lactation stage, composition, intestinal absorption, newborn animals.
Rommel, S.A., D.A. Pabst, and W.A. McLellan (2001). Functional morphology of venous structures associated with the male and female reproductive systems in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Anatomical Record 264(4): 339-47. ISSN: 0003-276X.
NAL Call Number: 447.8 AN1
Abstract: The reproductive organs of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are surrounded by thermogenic locomotory muscles and insulating fat. Manatees are reported to maintain core body temperatures of 35.6 degrees -36.4 degrees C, temperatures known to interfere with production and maturation of viable sperm in terrestrial mammals. We describe two novel venous plexuses associated with the manatee epididymis. Each epididymis is located in a hypogastric fossa at the caudolateral extremity of the abdominal cavity. Each hypogastric fossa is lined by an inguinal venous plexus that receives cooled blood from a superficial thoracocaudal plexus. We conclude that male manatees may prevent hyperthermic insult to their reproductive tissues by feeding cooled superficial blood to venous plexuses deep within their bodies. Female manatees also possess hypogastric fossae and venous structures similar to those found in male manatees. The ovaries, uterine tubes, and distal tips of the uterine horns are located in the hypogastric fossae. We suggest that the thermovascular structures we describe also prevent hypothermic insult to female manatee reproductive tissues. The venous structures in manatees are functionally similar to structures associated with reproductive thermoregulation in cetaceans and phocid seals. Thus, these thermovascular structures appear to be convergent morphological adaptations that occur in three clades of diving mammals with independent evolutionary histories.
Descriptors: body temperature regulation physiology, epididymis blood supply, ovary blood supply, trichechus anatomy and histology, uterus blood supply, veins physiology.
Rommel, S.A., G.A. Early, K.A. Matassa, D.A. Pabst, and W.A. McLellan (1995). Venous structures associated with thermoregulation of phocid seal reproductive organs. Anatomical Record 243(3): 390-402. ISSN: 0003-276X.
NAL Call Number: 447.8 AN1
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, circulation, muscular system, phocid seals, pathology, physiology, reproductive system, reproduction, veins, urinary system, cool superficial venous return, gonads, hyperthermia prevention, insulating bladder, thermogenic muscle, uterus, harbour seal, gray seal, harp seal, hooded seal, ringed seal, reproductive organs, thermoregulation.
Ronayne, D.F.P.A., R.A.G. Colaso, M.E.I. Marquez, A.R. Carlini, D.F. Vergani, and G.A. Daneri (1996). Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina): II. Studies of milk protein fractions by gel electrophoresis. Polar Biology 16(4): 241-244. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: milk, protein fractions, elephant seal, reproduction, gel electrophoresis, casein, lactation, whey protein.
Solntseva, G.N. (2000). Development of the vestibular apparatus in mammals with different ecological characteristics. Doklady Biological Sciences Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 371: 192-6. ISSN: 0012-4966.
NAL Call Number: 511 P444AEB
Descriptors: mammals growth and development, vestibule growth and development, Chiroptera growth and development, ecosystem, evolution, mammals classification, marine biology, Pinnipedia growth and development, rats, species specificity, whales growth and development.
Solntseva, G.N. (1997). Prenatal development of the vestibular apparatus in walrus (Pinnipedia: Odobenidae-Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Doklady Akademii Nauk 355(6): 846-849. ISSN: 0869-5652.
NAL Call Number: Q60.D64
Descriptors: development, sense organs, sensory reception, prenatal development, stages, walrus, vestibular apparatus.
Stewardson, C.L., M.N. Bester, and W.H. Oosthuizen (1998). Reproduction in the male cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Journal of Zoology (London) 246(1): 63-74. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: reproductive system, reproduction, histology, photoperiod, puberty, cape fur seal, seasonal changes, social status, spermatogenesis, testis.
Ticheler, M.D.A., E.J. Vedder, N.M.E. Venmans, J.G. Bindels, H.S.A. Heymans, R.J.M. Niesink, H. Van Santen, B. Verstappen Dumoulin and G.H. Visser (2000). Growth of captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups in relation to the fat content of the milk. In: J. Nijboer, J.M. Hatt, W. Kaumanns, A. Beijnen and U. Ganslosser (Editors), Zoo Animal Nutrition, Filander Verlag: Fuerth, p. 197-203. ISBN: 3930831295.
NAL Call Number: SF408.4.Z66 2000
Descriptors: harbour seal, pups, Phoca vitulina, weight, diet, arificial milk, fat content, growth rate, young, fat content of artificial milk, captivity, growth.
Tsubota, T., T. Nagashima, K. Kohyama, K. Maejima, T. Murase, and I. Kita (2001). Seasonal changes in testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in a northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Reproduction and Development 47(6): 415-420. ISSN: 0916-8818.
NAL Call Number: SF1.K3
Descriptors: spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, seasonal changes, northern fur seal, enzymology, reproductive system, reproduction, blood sampling, blood sampling method, histological observation, immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay, testicular biopsy, testicular spermatogenesis, seasonal changes, testicular steroidogenesis, seasonal changes.
Urashima, T., M. Arita, M. Yoshida, T. Nakamura, I. Arai, T. Saito, J.P.Y. Arnould, K.M. Kovacs, and C. Lydersen (2001). Chemical characterisation of the oligosaccharides in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) and Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 128B(2): 307-323. ISSN: 1096-4959.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Descriptors: hooded seal, Australian fur seal, milk, oligosaccharides, chemical characterization, gel filtration, filtration method, paper chromatography, separation method.
Urashima, T., T. Nakamura, D. Nakagawa, M. Noda, I. Arai, T. Saito, C. Lydersen, and K.M. Kovacs (2004). Characterization of oligosaccharides in milk of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 138(1): 1-18. ISSN: 1096-4959.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Descriptors: bearded seal, milk, oligosaccharides, characterization, gel filtration, chromatographic techniques, laboratory techniques, chromatography.
Urashima, T., T. Nakamura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Munakata, I. Arai, T. Saito, C. Lydersen, and K.M. Kovacs (2003). Chemical characterization of the oligosaccharides in milk of high Arctic harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 135A(4): 549-563. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: Arctic harbour seal, milk, oligosaccharides, characterization, spectrum analysis techniques, chemical characterization, laboratory techniques, gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography.
Van Bree, J.P.H. (1994). On the baculum of the Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779). Mammalia 58(3): 498-499. ISSN: 0025-1461.
NAL Call Number: 410 M31
Descriptors: morphology, reproductive system, reproduction, monk seal, baculum, taxonomy.
Vandevelde, I.L., T.S. Gross, R.L. Reep, and D.K. Odell (1995). Manatee fecal reproductive hormone concentrations. American Zoologist 35(5): 26A. ISSN: 0003-1569.
NAL Call Number: 410 AM3
Descriptors: digestive system, metabolism, reproductive system, fecal reproductive hormone, estrogen, estrus, manatee, meeting abstract, pregnancy, pregnanediol glucuronide, progesterone, testosterone.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, January 4-8, 1995.
Wainstein, M., B.B.J. Le, W. Amos, C. Campagna, and C.L. Ortiz (1997). Mating success and paternity in the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). FASEB Journal 11(3): A634. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: behavior, reproductive system, reproduction, elephant seal, mating success, microsatellite DNA markers, paternity, reproductive behavior, social rank, southern elephant seal.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Professional Research Scientists on Experimental Biology 97, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 1April 6-9, 1997.
Wakai, Y., K. Hasegawa, S. Sakamoto, S. Asano, G. Watanabe, and K. Taya (2002). Annual changes of urinary progesterone and estradiol-17beta of the dugong (Dugong dugon) in captivity. Zoological Science (Tokyo) 19(6): 679-682. ISSN: 0289-0003.
NAL Call Number: QL1.Z68
Descriptors: dugong, reproduction, annual changes, captivity, estrous cycles, ovulatory cycles, progesterone, estradiol.
Winship, A.J., A.W. Trites, and D.G. Calkins (2001). Growth in body size of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Mammalogy 82(2): 500-519. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: models, simulations, development, body length, body mass, body size, Steller sea lion, growth spurts, haulouts, ice edges, rookeries, seasonality, sexual maturity, sexual size differences.
York, A.E. and V.B. Scheffer (1997). Timing of implantation in the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Mammalogy 78(2): 675-683. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: development, reproductive system, reproduction, age relationship, body size, embryonic diapause, female, gestation, implantation, timing, northern fur seal.
Yoshida, K., N. Baba, M. Oya, and K. Mizue (1977). On the formation and regression of corpus luteum in the northern fur seal ovaries. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute (29): 121-128.
Descriptors: northern fur seal, ovaries, corpus luteum, formation, regression.
Language of Text: English summary.