Ames, A.L. and E.S. Van Vleet (1996). Organochlorine residues in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32(4): 374-377. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: digestive system, ingestion, assimilation, pollution assessment, control, management, skeletal system, movement, toxicology, urinary system, manatee, blubber, DDD, DDT, gas chromatography, hexachlorobenzene, kidney, lindane, liver, pesticides.
Arai, T., T. Ikemoto, A. Hokura, Y. Terada, T. Kunito, S. Tanabe, and I. Nakai (2004). Chemical forms of mercury and cadmium accumulated in marine mammals and seabirds as determined by XAFS analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 38(24): 6468-6474. ISSN: 0013-936X.
NAL Call Number: TD420.A1E5
Abstract: Marine mammals and seabirds tend to exhibit high accumulations of mercury, cadmium, and selenium in their livers and kidneys. In this study, chemical forms of mercury, cadmium, and selenium accumulated in the livers and kidneys of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus),and black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) were studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to reveal the detoxification mechanisms of these metals. It was found that mercury and selenium exist in the form of HgSe in the liver of northern fur seal. Mercury levels were found to be higher than those of Se, based on their molar ratio, in black-footed albatross. XAFS analysis disclosed an existence of chalcogenide containing both Hg-Se and the Hg-S bonds, suggesting the existence of a solid solution Hg(Se, S) as granules in black-footed albatross. In contrast, Cd concentrations in the kidney were higher than those in the liver for northern fur seal, black-footed albatross, and Risso's dolphin. It was found that Cd was bound to sulfur, which was probably derived from the metallothionein, The Cd-O bond was observed in the tissues of northern fur seal.
Descriptors: Diomedea nigripes, Callorhinus ursinus, Grampus griseus, pollutants, cadmium and mercury accumulation, liver and kidney, chemical forms accumulated, liver, kidney.
Ballachey, B.E., J.L. Bodkin and A.R. Degange (1994). An overview of sea otter studies. In: Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez, Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 47-59. ISBN: 0124561608.
Descriptors: marine ecology, pathology, pollution, assessment, control, toxicology, sea otters, Exxon Valdez oil spill, foraging behavior, hydrocarbon level, injury assessment, mortality, Prince William Sound, reproduction rate, survival rate, toxicology studies.
Bang, K., B.M. Jenssen, C. Lydersen, and J.U. Skaare (2001). Organochlorine burdens in blood of ringed and bearded seals from north-western Svalbard. Chemosphere 44(2): 193-203. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: seals, DDT, HCH, mirex, hexachlorobenzene, chlordane, insecticide residues, fungicide residues, polychlorinated biphenyls, residues, blood, male animals, female animals, sex differences, species differences, blood lipids, water pollution, Norway, Arctic Ocean, Phoca hispida, Erignathus barbatus.
Bayha, K., J. Kormendy, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (U.S.). (1990). Sea otter symposium: proceedings of a symposium to evaluate the response effort on behalf of sea otters after the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill into Prince William Sound, Anchorage, Alaska, 17-19 April 1990. Biological Report No. 9012, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service: National Fish and Wildlife Foundation: Washington, D.C., 485 p.
NAL Call Number: QH540.U562 no. 90(12)
Descriptors: Exxon Valdez Ship congresses, sea otter Alaska Prince William Sound Effect of oil spills on congresses, oil spills and wildlife Alaska Prince William Sound congresses, Prince William Sound Alaska congresses.
Beck, H., E.M. Breuer, A. Dross, and W. Mathar (1990). Residues of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and other organochlorine compounds in harbour seals and harbour porpoise. Chemosphere 20(7-9): 1027-1034. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: porpoises, residues, sea pollution, trials, gas chromatography, adipose tissues, organochlorine compounds, biphenyl, dolphins, seals, analytical methods, animal morphology, animal tissues, aromatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, carnivora, Cetacea, chromatography, connective tissues, experiments, hydrocarbons, mammals, organic halogen compounds, Pinnipedia, pollution, water pollution.
Becker, P.R., E.A. Mackey, R. Demiralp, M.M. Schantz, B.J. Koster, and S.A. Wise (1997). Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the U.S. National biomonitoring specimen bank. Chemosphere 34(9/10): 2067-2098. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: side effects, pesticides, residues, organochlorine compounds, seals, Phocoena, lagenorhynchus, Delphinapterus leucas, whales, ddt, carnivora, Cetacea, delphinapterus, dolphins, mammals, organic halogen compounds, organochlorine compounds, Pinnipedia, whales, nontarget effects, phoca, phocidae, Callorhinus ursinus, Phoca hispida, Phoca largha, Erignathus barbatus, Globicephala melas, Phocoena Phocoena, Lagenorhynchus autus, Balaena mysticetus.
Notes: Meeting Information: Biological Environmental Specimen Banking. Second International Symposium and Workshop, Stockholm, Sweden, May 20-23, 1996.
Berge, J.A., E.M. Brevik, A. Bjorge, N. Folsvik, G.W. Gabrielsen, and H. Wolkers (2004). Organotins in marine mammals and seabirds from Norwegian territory. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6(2): 108-112. ISSN: 1464-0325.
Abstract: An increasing number of studies indicate that marine mammals and some seabirds are exposed to organotins. However, results from northern and Arctic areas are few. Here results from analysis of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), monobutyltin (MBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), diphenyltin (DPhT) and monophenyltin (MPhT) in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common seal (Phoca vitulina), ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) from Norwegian territory are presented. Relatively high concentrations of DBT, TBT and MBT were observed in muscle, kidney and liver from harbour porpoises caught in northern Norway in 1988, just before restrictions on the use of tributyltin (TBT) (mainly on small boats) were introduced in several European countries. The concentrations in harbour porpoise muscle tissue were reduced significantly 11 years later, possibly as a result of the introduced restrictions. Considerably lower concentrations of butyltins were observed in the seals compared to porpoises. The lowest levels of organotins were found in ringed seals from Spitsbergen, where only traces of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were observed. Traces of DBT and MBT were also found in some individual glaucous gulls from Bear Island. The sum of the degradation products MBT and DBT in liver samples from all analysed species were generally higher than TBT itself. Triphenyltin (TPhT) was observed in all porpoise samples arid in livers of common seals. Also the sum of the degradation products MPhT and DPhT in liver samples from porpoise and common seals were higher than TPhT. No traces of phenyltins were found in ringed seals from Spitsbergen or in glaucous gulls from Bear Island. The limited data available indicate low to moderate exposure to organotins in northern areas (Spitsbergen and Bear Island). Marine mammals are however more exposed further south along the Norwegian Coast.
Descriptors: Larus hyperboreus, Phoca hispida, Phoca vitulina Phocoena phocoena, pollutants, content, chemical pollution, chemical factors, organotins, Norway, organotin pollutant content.
Boer, J. de, P.G. Wester, E.H.G. Evers, and U.A.T. Brinkman (1996). Determination of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane in fish, marine mammals and sediment. Environmental Pollution 93(1): 39-47.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: sediment, pollution, dyes, pesticides, seals, Cetacea, gadiformes, anguilla genus, modiolus, cod, dolphins, mussels, eels, North Sea, residues, aquatic animals, mammals, aquatic mammals, fish, anguilloidei, animal products, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Atlantic Ocean, bivalvia, bony fishes, carnivora, Cetacea, diadromous fishes, Eastern Atlantic, fishery products, fishes, mammals, marine areas, mollusca, North Atlantic, northeast Atlantic, Pinnipedia, saltwater fishes, shellfish, otariidae, phocidae, phocoenidae, delphinidae, gadidae, marine mammals.
Boon, J.P., H.M. Sleiderink, M.S. Helle, M. Dekker, A. van Schanke, E. Roex, M.T.J. Hillebrand, H.J.C. Klamer, B. Govers, D. Pastor, D. Morse, P.G. Wester, and J. de Boer (1998). The use of a microsomal in vitro assay to study phase I biotransformation of chlorobornanes (toxaphene) in marine mammals and birds. Possible consequences of biotransformation for bioaccumulation and genotoxicity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 121(1-3): 385-403.
Descriptors: camphechlor, insecticides, side effects, aquatic animals, seals, physeter, experimentation, metabolism, agricultural chemicals, aquatic organisms, Carnivora, Cetacea, mammals, pesticides, Pinnipedia, whales, nontarget effects, marine animals, Phoca vitulina, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, Physeter catodon, Diomedea immutabilis, assays.
Notes: Forms and functions of cytochrome P450.
Casini, S., M.C. Fossi, K. Cavallaro, L. Marsili, and J. Lorenzani (2002). The use of porphyrins as a non-destructive biomarker of exposure to contaminants in two sea lion populations. Marine Environmental Research 54(3-5): 769-773. ISSN: 0141-1136.
NAL Call Number: QH545.W3M36
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, pollution assessment control and management, toxicology, meeting abstract, sea lions, biomarkers.
Notes: Meeting Information: Eleventh International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 11), Plymouth, UK, July 6-12, 2001.
Ciesielski, T., A. Wasik, I. Kuklik, K. Skora, J. Namiesnik, and P. Szefer (2004). Organotin compounds in the liver tissue of marine mammals from the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and Technology 38(5): 1415-20. ISSN: 0013-936X.
NAL Call Number: TD420.A1E5
Abstract: Butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) were determined in the livers of marine mammals found by-caught or stranded along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. During the investigation an original analytical method was developed. Butyltin compounds were detected in all the liver samples, whereas phenyltins were not detected in any of the samples. The total concentrations of BTs ranged from 43.9 to 7698 ng(Sn) x g(-1) dry weight. Age-related trends to accumulate BTs in immature porpoises were found. At the same time there were no male-female differences in BTs concentrations observed. No statistically significant spatial distribution differences were found between the locations corresponding to the open Baltic Sea waters and inside the Gulf of Gdansk, which is characterized by high maritime activity. In comparison to butyltin levels in marine mammals from other geographic regions, the samples analyzed indicate a significant degree of tributyltin pollution along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. On the basis of a literature review, higher BT levels are usually found in waters close to highly industrialized areas, such as Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States.
Descriptors: dolphins, organotin compounds pharmacokinetics, porpoises, seals, earless, water pollutants, chemical pharmacokinetics, age factors, environmental monitoring, geography, liver chemistry, organotin compounds analysis, Poland, water pollutants, chemical analysis.
Debier, C., P.P. Pomeroy, J.P. Thome, E. Mignolet, T. De Tillesse, and Y. Larondelle (2004). An unexpected parallelism between vitamin A and PCBs in seal milk. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 68(2): 179-183. ISSN: 0166-445X.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.W3A6
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, reproductive system, reproduction, toxicology, vitamin A, vitamin E, seal milk, PCBs, lactation.
Doroff, A.M. and J.L. Bodkin (1994). Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey. In: Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez, Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 193-208. ISBN: 0124561608.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, feeding, nutrition, pollution assessment, control, sea otter, toxicology, Exxon Valdez oil spill.
Echarri, I., C. Nerin, D.E. Wells, C. Domeno, and J. Cacho (1998). Multivariate analysis applied to the study of the distribution of chlorobiphenyls (CBs), including the non-ortho-CBs, in fish and sea mammals. Analyst 123(3): 421-427.
NAL Call Number: 382 AN1
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, statistical methods, fish, chromatography, limanda, seals, Tursiops, Cetacea, pollution, toxicology, pleuronectoidei, biphenyl, analytical methods, animal products, aquatic organisms, aromatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, bony fishes, carnivora, Cetacea, dolphins, fishery products, fishes, hydrocarbons, mammals, methods, Pinnipedia, pleuronectoidei, marine mammals, principal component analysis, multivariate analysis, chlorobiphenyls, Phoceana phoceana, Limanda limanda, Phoca vitulina, Tursiops truncatus, phocoenidae, pleuronectidae, phocidae, odontoceti.
Fromberg, A., M. Cleemann, and L. Carlsen (1999). Review on persistent organic pollutants in the environment of Greenland and Faroe Islands. Chemosphere 38(13): 3075-3093. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: insecticide residues, organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, residues, body fat, man, marine fishes, whales, seals, wild birds, Odobenus rosmarus, phocoenidae, shellfish, literature reviews, Greenland, Faroe Islands.
Hall, A.J., O.I. Kalantzi, and G.O. Thomas (2003). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in grey seals during their first year of life - are they thyroid hormone endocrine disrupters? Environmental Pollution 126(1): 29-37. ISSN: 0269-7491.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: grey seals, pollutants, concentrations in blubber, dermis, blubber, hormones, PDBEs, thyroid hormone levels, chemical pollution, first year of life, North Sea, United Kingdom, England, Farne Islands, young, relations with thyroid hormone levels, thyroid hormone, endocrine disrupters.
Hastings, S.D.A., R. El Zein, and J.B. Ward Jr. (2001). Genotoxic response of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) lymphocytes to BPDE and h2o2 using the comet assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Supplement 37(32): 37. ISSN: 0893-6692.
Descriptors: genotoxic, genetics, pollution assessment, control, management, toxicology, comet assay, California sea lion, lymphocytes, meeting abstract, response.
Notes: Meeting Information: Thirty-Second Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagen Society: A Science Odyssey, San Diego, California, USA, March 16-21, 2001.
Hayteas, D.L. and D.A. Duffield (1997). The determination by HPLC of PCB and p,p'-DDE residues in marine mammals stranded on the Oregon coast, 1991-1995. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34(10): 844-848.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, measurement, HPLC, seals, sealions, DDT, analytical methods, aquatic organisms, Carnivora, Cetacea, chromatography, dolphins, mammals, organic halogen compounds, organochlorine compounds, Pinnipedia, marine mammals, determination, Grampus griseus, Phocoenoides dalli, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Delphinus delphis, Phoca vitulina, Zalophus californians, Eumetopias jubatus, Mirounga angustirostris, Phocoena Phocoena, Stenella coeruleoalba, Mesoplodon stejnegeri, DDE.
Himeno, S., C. Watanabe, T. Hongo, T. Suzuki, A. Naganuma, and N. Imura (1989). Body size and organ accumulation of mercury and selenium in young harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42(4): 503-509. ISSN: 0007-4861.
NAL Call Number: RA1270.P35A1
Descriptors: seals, mercury, body measurements, liver function, renal function, metal tolerance.
Hutchinson, J.D. and M.P. Simmonds (1994). Organochlorine contamination in pinnipeds. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 136: 123-167. ISSN: 0179-5953.
NAL Call Number: TX501.R48
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, seals, water pollution, organochlorine compounds, depot fat, composition, pesticide residues, sea lions, walruses.
Ikemoto, T., T. Kunito, Y. Anan, H. Tanaka, N. Baba, N. Miyazaki, and S. Tanabe (2004). Association of heavy metals with metallothionein and other proteins in hepatic cytosol of marine mammals and seabirds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23(8): 2008-16. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Abstract: Distribution of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag, Hg, and Se were determined in hepatocytosol of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), black-footed albatrosses (Diomedea nigripes), and Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Copper, Zn, and Cd were accumulated preferentially in metallothionein (MT) fraction and their contents in MT fraction increased with the amounts in the hepatocytosol. Silver was bound to both high-molecular-weight substances (HMWS) and MT in the hepatocytosol for all three species, whereas the distribution of Ag in the cytosol was different among the three species. In northern fur seals, Ag mainly was bound to MT, whereas it mainly was associated with HMWS in Dall's porpoises. In contrast, Ag was distributed almost equally in both HMWS and MT for black-footed albatrosses. Mercury content in HMWS and Se content in HMWS and low-molecular-weight substances (LMWS) increased with their contents in hepatocytosol for all the three species. A significant positive correlation was found between Se and Hg contents in high-molecular weight (HMW) fraction in cytosol. The molar ratio of Hg and Se was close to unity in HMW fraction of the specimens with high Hg concentration in cytosol, implying that the Hg-Se complex was bound to the HMWS. Analysis of metals in the hepatocytosol by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) suggests that multiple isoforms of MT are present in hepatocytosol of the three species and that the metal profiles in hepatocytosols are different among the species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of Ag with HMWS and MT in hepatocytosol of marine mammals and seabirds. Also, distribution and interaction of Hg and Se were investigated for the first time in hepatocytosol of the higher trophic marine animals.
Descriptors: birds physiology, environmental exposure, metallothionein metabolism, metals, heavy poisoning, porpoises physiology, seals, earless physiology, water pollutants poisoning, cytosol chemistry, liver chemistry, metallothionein analysis, tissue distribution.
Ikemoto, T., T. Kunito, H. Tanaka, N. Baba, N. Miyazaki, and S. Tanabe (2004). Detoxification mechanism of heavy metals in marine mammals and seabirds: Interaction of selenium with mercury, silver, copper, zinc, and cadmium in liver. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 47(3): 402-413. ISSN: 0090-4341.
NAL Call Number: TD172.A7
Abstract: Subcellular distribution of mercury, selenium, silver, copper, zinc, and cadmium was determined in the liver of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), black-footed albatrosses (Diomedea nigripes), and Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Mercury, selenium, and silver were preferentially accumulated in nuclear, lysosomal, and mitochondrial fraction with an increase in their hepatic concentrations, whereas copper, zinc, and cadmium were accumulated mainly in cytosol with an increase in the hepatic concentrations for all three species. To gain insight into the existing state of the metals, they were extracted with four extractants-sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS); 2-mercaptoethanol; 2-mercaptoethanol + guanidinium thiocyanate; and copper sulfate (CuSO4)-at several concentrations from nuclear, lysosomal, and mitochondrial fraction in liver from a specimen of northern fur seal. Extraction efficiencies of the metals for 2-mercaptoethanol + guanidinium thiocyanate and CuSO4 were much higher than those for SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol. Also, for all individuals of the three species, metals were extracted by the three extractants-2% SDS; 0.25 mol/L 2-mercaptoethanol + 5 mol/L guanidinium thiocyanate; and 0.1 mol/L CuSO4-from nuclear, lysosomal, and mitochondrial fraction of liver. In the northern fur seals with higher concentration of mercury, the molar ratio of selenium to mercury approached unity in the nonextractable fraction of 0.25 mol/L 2-mercaptoethanol + 5 mol/L guanidinium thiocyanate, suggesting the possible formation of mercuric selenide (HgSe) with increasing hepatic concentration. Because the nonextractable content of mercury and its distribution were larger for black-footed albatross than those for the other two species, it was suggested that the black-footed albatross has a stronger ability to form a stable compound(s) of mercury in the liver. It is notable that the existing state of silver was similar to that of mercury as judged by their subcellular distribution and the extraction tests, suggesting that silver also interacted with selenium in the liver of marine animals used in this study.
Descriptors: Diomedea nigripes, Callorhinus ursinus, Phocoenoides dalli, pollutants, heavy metals, liver detoxification mechanism, pollutant interactions, liver.
Ikemoto, T., T. Kunito, I. Watanabe, G. Yasunaga, N. Baba, N. Miyazaki, E.A. Petrov, and S. Tanabe (2004). Comparison of trace element accumulation in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica), Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Environmental Pollution 127(1): 83-97. ISSN: 0269-7491.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: northern fur seals, Caspian seals, Baikal seals, pollutants, musculature, hair, liver, kidney, chemical pollution, comparison, North Pacific, Japan, trace element accumulation.
Jenssen, B.M., J.U. Skaare, M. Ekker, D. Vongraven, and M. Silverstone (1994). Blood sampling as a non-destructive method for monitoring levels and effects of organochlorines (PCB and DDT) in seals. Chemosphere 28(1): 3-10. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: seals, Phocidae, DDT, insecticide residues, monitoring, blood sampling, water pollution, young animals, blood analysis, Norway, North Sea, Halichoerus grypus.
Jenssen, B.M., J.U. Skaare, M. Ekker, D. Vongraven, and S.H. Lorentsen (1996). Organochlorine compounds in blubber, liver and brain in neonatal grey seal pups. Chemosphere 32(11): 2115-2125. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: digestive system, assimilation, pollution, assessment, control, toxicology, grey seal, pups, neonatal, liver, brain, blubber, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, o,p' DDD, o,p' DDT, oxychlordane, p,p' DDD, p,p' DDE, p,p' polychlorinated biphenyls.
Jenssen, B.M., J.U. Skaare, S. Woldstad, A.T. Nastad, O. Haugen, B. Kloven and E.G. Sormo (1995). Biomarkers in blood to assess effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in free-living grey seal pups. In: Developments in Marine Biology; Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.: Amsterdam, Netherlands; New York, New York, USA, p. 607-615. ISBN: 0444820701.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: ecology, marine ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, pollution, assessment, grey seal, pups, biomarkers, blood, toxicology, meeting paper, polychlorinated biphenyls, retinol, thyroxine, vitamin A.
Notes: Meeting Information: International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway; November 29-December 1, 1994.
Joiris, C.R. (1997). Ecotoxicology of stable pollutants: organochlorines and heavy metals in seabirds and marine mammals. Bulletin De La Societe Royale Des Sciences De Liege 66(1-3): 51-59. ISSN: 0037-9565.
Descriptors: North Sea, waterfowl, stenella, delphinus, Phocoena, toxicology, pollutants, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, bioaccumulation, Atlantic Ocean, Cetacea, contamination, dolphins, Eastern Atlantic, elements, mammals, marine areas, metallic elements, North Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, organic halogen compounds.
Kalantzi, O.I., A.J. Hall, G.O. Thomas, and K.C. Jones (2005). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and selected organochlorine chemicals in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the North Sea. Chemosphere 58(3): 345-354. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: Halichoerus grypus, seals, pesticide residues, organochlorine pesticides, DDT pesticide, DDE pesticide, chemical residues, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, North Sea.
Kannan, K., J. Koistinen, K. Beckmen, T. Evans, J.F. Gorzelany, K.J. Hansen, P.D. Jones, E. Helle, M. Nyman, and J.P. Giesy (2001). Accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in marine mammals. Environmental Science and Technology 35(8): 1593-8. ISSN: 0013-936X.
NAL Call Number: TD420.A1E5
Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a perfluorinated molecule that has recently been identified in the sera of nonindustrially exposed humans. In this study, 247 tissue samples from 15 species of marine mammals collected from Florida, California, and Alaskan coastal waters; and northern Baltic Sea; the Arctic (Spitsbergen); and Sable Island in Canada were analyzed for PFOS. PFOS was detected in liver and blood of marine mammals from most locations including those from Arctic waters. The greatest concentrations of PFOS found in liver and blood were 1520 ng/g wet wt in a bottlenose dolphin from Sarasota Bay, FL, and 475 ng/mL in a ringed seal from the northern Baltic Sea (Bothnian Sea), respectively. No age-dependent increase in PFOS concentrations in marine mammals was observed in the samples analyzed. The occurrence of PFOS in marine mammals from the Arctic waters suggests widespread global distribution of PFOS including remote locations.
Descriptors: alkanesulfonic acids pharmacokinetics, fluorocarbons pharmacokinetics, liver chemistry, alkanesulfonic acids blood, carnivora, dolphins, fluorocarbons blood, geography, seals, earless, seawater, species specificity, whales.
Kannan, K., N. Kajiwara, M. Watanabe, H. Nakata, N.J. Thomas, M. Stephenson, D.A. Jessup, and S. Tanabe (2004). Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, organochlorine pesticides, and butyltins in southern sea otters and their prey. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23(1): 49-56. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: pollutants, butyltins, organochlorine pesticides, PCB congeners, sea otter, predators, Enhydra lutris nereis, profiles in predator and prey, chemical pollution, fertilizer and pesticide pollution, prey, North Pacific, USA, California, concentrations, biomagnification, diet, intake.
Kawano, M., T. Inoue, H. Hidaka, and R. Tatsukawa (1986). Chlordane residues in krill, fish and Weddell seal from the Antarctic. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 11(2): 137-145. ISSN: 0277-2248.
NAL Call Number: QD241.T6
Descriptors: chlordane, insecticide residues, krill, fishes, seals, water pollution, toxicity, Antarctica.
Kim, G.B., J.S. Lee, S. Tanabe, H. Iwata, R. Tatsukawa, and K. Shimazaki (1996). Specific accumulation and distribution of butyltin compounds in various organs and tissues of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus): comparison with organochloride accumulation pattern. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32(7): 558-563. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: pollution, assessment, control, skeletal system, blubber, butyltin, lipophilicity, accumulation, organochlorine, pollution, Japan, protein binding, Steller sea lion, organs, blubber, liver.
Kleivane, L., O. Espeland, K.I. Ugland and J.U. Skaare (1995). Seasonal variation of organochlorine concentrations in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica). In: Developments in Marine Biology; Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. Amsterdam, Netherlands; New York, New York, USA, p. 599-605. ISBN: 0444820701.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: environmental sciences, marine ecology, metabolism, pollution, assessment, harp seal, organochlorine, concentrations, toxicology, Arctic Sea, Barents Sea, blubber, seasonal variation, chlordane, DDT, HCB, HCH, meeting paper, polychlorinated biphenyls.
Notes: Meeting Information: International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway, November 29-December 1, 1994.
Klobes, U., W. Vetter, B. Luckas, K. Skirnisson, and J. Plotz (1998). Levels and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-HCH, oxychlordane, and PCB 149 in blubber of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Iceland and further species. Chemosphere 37(9/12): 2501-2512. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: HCH, insecticide residues, chlordane, metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls, enantiomers, body fat, Phoca vitulina, Halichoerus grypus, seals, Iceland, northeast Atlantic, Siberia, Antarctic Ocean, Leptonychotes weddelli.
Notes: In the special issue: Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds 1996 edited by R.E. Clement, H. Fiedler, P. Fuerst, O. Hutzinger, L.L. Needham, M. Oehme, K. Olie, C. Rappe, S.H. Safe and M. van den Berg. Meeting Information: Proceedings of an international symposium held August 12-16, 1996, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Krahn, M.M., P.R. Becker, K.L. Tilbury, and J.E. Stein (1997). Organochlorine contaminants in blubber of four seal species: integrating biomonitoring and specimen banking. Chemosphere 34(9-10): 2109-2121. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Descriptors: ecology, metabolism, pollution, assessment, accumulation, harbour seal, bearded seal, northern fur seal, ringed seal, biomonitoring, blubber, organochlorine contaminants, pollution, specimen banking.
Kubota, R., T. Kunito, and S. Tanabe (2003). Occurrence of several arsenic compounds in the liver of birds, cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sea turtles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22(3): 1200-1207. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: arsenates, arsenic, arsenicals, arsenites, liver, marine environment, marine mammals, poisoning, sea birds, toxicity, wild animals, wild birds, birds, Caretta caretta, Cetacea, Chelonia mydas, Corvus, Larus, Phoca, Phocoenidae, Pinnipedia, Procellariiformes, seals, turtles, whales.
Kubota, R., T. Kunito, and S. Tanabe (2002). Chemical speciation of arsenic in the livers of higher trophic marine animals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45(1-12): 218-23. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Abstract: Concentrations of total arsenic and individual arsenic compounds were determined in livers of cetaceans (Dall's porpoise and short-finned pilot whale), pinnipeds (harp and ringed seals), sirenian (dugong), and sea turtles (green and loggerhead turtles) to characterize arsenic accumulation profiles in higher trophic marine animals. Hepatic arsenic concentrations in sea turtles were highest among the species examined. Chemical speciation of arsenic revealed that arsenobetaine was the major arsenic compound in almost all the species. In contrast, arsenobetaine was a minor constituent in dugong. Dimethylarsinic acid, methylarsonic acid, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, arsenite, and an unidentified arsenic compound were also detected as minor constituents. However, the composition of arsenic compounds was different among these species. These results might reflect the differences in the metabolism of arsenic and/or the compositions of arsenic compounds in their preys. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the large variation in the composition of arsenic species in liver of marine mammals and sea turtles.
Descriptors: arsenic chemistry, dugong, food chain, liver chemistry, porpoises, seals, earless, turtles, water pollutants pharmacokinetics, whales, arsenic pharmacokinetics, chromatography, high pressure liquid, spectrum analysis, mass, tissue distribution.
Kumar, K.S., M. Yamamuro, S. Pitaksintorn, and S. Masunaga (2003). Dioxins/furans and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dugongs from the Thailand coast. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70(2): 198-204. ISSN: 0007-4861.
NAL Call Number: RA1270.P35A1
Descriptors: polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, pollutants, Dugong dugon, coastal areas, Thailand, bioaccumulation.
Law, R.J., C.F. Fileman, A.D. Hopkins, J.R. Baker, J. Harwood, D.B. Jackson, S. Kennedy, A.R. Martin, and R.J. Morris (1991). Concentrations of trace metals in the livers of marine mammals (seals, porpoises and dolphins) from waters around the British Isles. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22(4): 183-191.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: seals, sea pollution, British Isles, porpoises, dolphins, mercury, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, residues, carnivora, Cetacea, elements, Europe, heavy metals, mammals, metallic elements, Pinnipedia, pollution, transition elements, water pollution, western Europe.
Lind, P.M., A. Bergman, M. Olsson, and J. Orberg (2003). Bone mineral density in male Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Ambio 32(6): 385-388. ISSN: 0044-7447.
Descriptors: Halichoerus grypus, grey seal, bone density, effect of organochlorine contamination, bone, bone mineral density, chemical pollution, chemical factors, organochlorine contamination, Baltic Sea, bone mineral density related to organochlorine contamination.
Lipscomb, T.P. and Charles Louis Davis (1996). Histopathologic lesions in sea otters caused by oil spills. Foundation for the Advancement of Veterinary and Comparative Pathology: [Gurnee, Ill.]: The Foundation. 1 videocassette: sd., col. 56 min.
NAL Call Number: Videocassette no. 3157
Abstract: A lecture with slides illustrating the effects of oil spills on sea otters.
Descriptors: sea otter, histopathology, effect of oil spills on.
Lund, B.O. (1994). In vitro adrenal bioactivation and effects on steroid metabolism of DDT, PCBs and their metabolites in the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13(6): 911-917. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: seals, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticide residues, metabolites, adrenal glands, adverse effects, toxicity, mitochondria, cytochrome P 450, enzyme inhibitors, glucocorticoids, pollutants, water pollution, nontarget organisms, nontarget effects.
Miyazaki, N., K. Itano, M. Fukushima, S. Kawai, and K. Honda (1979). Metals and organochlorine compounds in the muscle of dugong from Sulawesi Island. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute (31): 125-128. ISSN: 0549-5717.
Descriptors: organochlorine, metals, muscle, dugong.
Language of Text: English summary.
Mulcahy, D.M. and B.E. Ballachey (1994). Hydrocarbon residues in sea otter tissues. In: Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez, Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 313-330. ISBN: 0124561608.
Descriptors: digestive system, ingestion, marine ecology, muscular system, sea otter, pollution, assessment, control, toxicology, urinary system, hydrocarbon residues, Exxon Valdez oil spill, kidney, liver, muscle, petroleum, Prince William Sound.
Ponce, R.A., G.M. Egeland, J.P. Middaugh, and P.R. Becker (1998). Twenty years of trace metal analyses of marine mammals in Alaska: evaluation and summation. International Journal of Circumpolar Health 57(Suppl. 1): 576-81. ISSN: 1239-9736.
Abstract: The compilation of existing data on contaminants in the marine food chain is essential in addressing concerns regarding the magnitude of potential human exposures and in the evaluation of subsistence food safety. This paper presents a summary of studies on trace metals in tissues of Alaska marine mammals from the 1970s to the present, along with derived mean tissue trace metal concentrations. The derived mean can serve as a norm against which future monitoring results may be compared, and may be used to estimate human exposure to trace metals through the consumption of marine mammals. Additionally, the variation among studies in the reported mean tissue concentrations has been described through a derived standard deviation. Sufficient analytical and methodological details were available to derive means and standard deviations for tissues in bearded seal, bowhead whale, beluga whale, fur seal, harbor seal, Pacific walrus, and ringed seal. A high concordance between trace metal values reported in tissues (i.e., liver, kidney, muscle) was observed despite significant differences in reported sampling and analytical methodologies. Consistent with other reviews of trace metal concentrations in marine species, the standard deviation of tissue metal concentrations was generally < or = 100% of the reported mean. Significant gaps in available information remain, particularly for muscle tissues and for methylmercury, despite the considerable efforts to monitor marine mammal species in Alaska.
Descriptors: arsenic analysis, cadmium analysis, environmental monitoring statistics and numerical data, food chain, mercury analysis, selenium analysis, Alaska, environmental monitoring methods, liver chemistry, marine biology, muscle, skeletal chemistry, risk assessment, seals, earless metabolism, sensitivity and specificity, ursidae metabolism, whales metabolism.
Ross, P.S. (2004). Organochlorine contaminant exposure and associations with haematological and humoral immune functional assays with dam age as a factor in free-ranging northern fur seal pups - Response to Beckmen et al. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48(7-8): 806-807. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: northern fur seal, pups, Callorhinus ursinus, age, maternal age, pollutants, contaminant, exposure, immunotoxicity, criticism, blood, hematology, humoral immune function, response, chemical pollution, chemical factors, organochlorines.
Rudneva, N.A. and N.M. Pronin (1996). Microelement composition in seal organs. Ekologiia (Moscow) (4): 313-315. ISSN: 0367-0597.
NAL Call Number: QH540.E3
Descriptors: toxicology, seal organs, composition, aluminum, beryllium, blood, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, digestive system, environmental monitoring, fat, gallium, iron, lithium, liver, magnesium, maximum permissible concentration, molybdenum, muscles, muscular system, nickel, pollution, silver, trace element composition, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc.
Shibata, Y., M. Morita, and K. Fuwa (1992). Selenium and arsenic in biology: their chemical forms and biological functions. Advances in Biophysics 28: 31-80. ISSN: 0065-227X.
NAL Call Number: QH505.A1A3
Abstract: Based on the recent development of analytical methods, sensitive systems for the analysis and speciation of selenium and arsenic have been established. A palladium addition technique was developed for the accurate determination of selenium in biological samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption analysis. For the speciation of the elements, combined methods of HPLC either with ICP-AES or with ICP-MS were found to work well. These systems were applied to the elucidation of the chemical form of the elements in natural samples. Some chemical properties of the selenium-mercury complex in dolphin liver were elucidated: i.e., it was a cationic, water-soluble, low molecular weight compound containing selenium and mercury in a 1:1 molar ratio, and was shown to be different from a known selenium-mercury complex, bis(methylmercuric)selenide. The major selenium compound excreted in human urine was revealed to be other than any of those previously identified (TMSe, selenate, and selenite). TMSe, a suspected major metabolite in urine, was found, if at all, in low levels. The major water-soluble, and lipid-soluble arsenic compounds in a brown seaweed, U. pinnatifida (WAKAME), were rigorously identified, and the results were compared with other data on marine algae and animals. The major organic arsenic compounds (termed "arseno-sugars") in marine algae commonly contain 5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinyl-ribofuranoside moiety. There are various kinds of arseno-sugar derivatives containing different side-chains attached to the anomeric position of the sugar, and the distribution of each arsenic species seems to be related to algal species. The arseno-sugar (A-XI) is present in every alga so far examined, is metabolized to lipids, and possibly may play some specific role in the algal cells. On the other hand, the major arsenic compound in fish, crustacea and molluscs has been identified as arsenobetaine, which is an arseno-analog of glycinebetaine, a very common osmo-regulator in living organisms. Arsenobetaine is not detected in marine algae while arseno-sugars are not present in marine animals except for some molluscs which contain both compounds in considerable amounts. Arsenobetaine is present in the urine of human beings who have eaten foods derived from marine animals.
Descriptors: arsenic metabolism, selenium metabolism, arsenic analysis, arsenic toxicity, chromatography, high pressure liquid methods, selenium chemistry, selenium toxicity, spectrum analysis methods, spectrum analysis, mass methods.
Simms, W., S. Jeffries, M. Ikonomou, and P.S. Ross (2000). Contaminant-related disruption of vitamin A dynamics in free-ranging harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups from British Columbia, Canada, and Washington state, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19(11): 2844-2849. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: development, harbour seals, pups, pollution, assessment, environmental contaminants, growth, milk derived contaminants, nursing differences, reproduction, Canada, Washington, vitamin A, retinol.
Smillie, R.H. and J.S. Waid (1987). Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39(2): 358-364. ISSN: 0007-4861.
NAL Call Number: RA1270.P35A1
Descriptors: seals, fur bearing animals, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, Australia.
Sormo, E.G., I. Jussi, M. Jussi, M. Braathen, J.U. Skaare, and B.M. Jenssen (2005). Thyroid hormone status in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups from the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in relation to organochlorine pollutants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(3): 610-616. ISSN: 0730-7268.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E58
Descriptors: gray seal, pups, Halichoerus grypus, pollutants, dermis, blubber, hormones, thyroid hormones, plasma concentrations, organochlorine pollutants, Baltic Sea, North Atlantic, chemical pollution, thyroid hormone status, young.
Teramitsu, I., Y. Yamamoto, I. Chiba, H. Iwata, S. Tanabe, Y. Fujise, A. Kazusaka, F. Akahori, and S. Fujita (2000). Identification of novel cytochrome P450 1A genes from five marine mammal species. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 51(2): 145-53. ISSN: 0166-445X.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.W3A6
Abstract: Marine mammals, being endangered by the chronic exposure of hydrophobic environmental contaminants as an assorting result of global pollution, are especially focused as indicators for organochlorine pollution. The use of contaminant-induced xenobiotic metabolizers, particularly P450 (CYP) 1A, in marine mammals can be effective as potential biomarkers of the contaminant exposure and/or toxic effects. In this study, we identified the first marine mammalian CYPs. Six novel CYP1A cDNA fragments were cloned from the livers of marine mammal species, minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), largha seal (Phoca largha), and ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) by the method of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR); two distinct fragments were from steller sea lion and one fragment each was obtained from the other species. Five of the fragments, one from each species, were classified in the subfamily of CYP1A1, and the other fragment cloned from steller sea lion was designated CYP1A2. Degenerate PCR primers were used to amplify the fragments from liver cDNAs. The deduced amino acid sequences of these fragment CYP1As showed identities ranging from 50.0 to 94.3% with other known vertebrate CYPs in the subfamily of CYP1A, including those from fish, chicken, and terrestrial mammals. The isolated fragments were used to construct a molecular phylogeny, along with other vertebrate CYP1A cDNAs cut down in size to the corresponding region of 265 bp in which those newly determined fragments were cloned. This phylogenetic analysis by the maximum parsimony method using the PHYLIP program suggests two distinct evolutional pathways for aquatic mammalian CYP1As, compatible to a conservative taxonomy. Pinniped genes are clustered together with dog gene, forming a carnivore group, and cetaceans form another branch. Identification of CYP1A genes in marine mammals will be an introductory step to provide new insights into the metabolic or toxicological functions of CYP1As in these animals.
Descriptors: cytochrome P 450 enzyme system genetics, porpoises physiology, seals, earless physiology, whales genetics, amino acid sequence, base sequence, conserved sequence, isoenzymes metabolism, molecular sequence data, oligonucleotides chemistry, RNA biosynthesis, RNA isolation and purification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Thomas, G.O., S.E. Moss, L. Asplund, and A.J. Hall (2005). Absorption of decabromodiphenyl ether and other organohalogen chemicals by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Environmental Pollution 133(3): 581-586. ISSN: 0269-7491.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, pollutants, organohalogen, absorption, accumulation, dietary exposure, experimental study, dermis, blubber, chemical pollution.
Vetter, W., U. Klobes, and B. Luckas (2001). Distribution and levels of eight toxaphene congeners in different tissues of marine mammals, birds and cod livers. Chemosphere 43(4-7): 611-21. ISSN: 0045-6535.
NAL Call Number: TD172.C54
Abstract: Levels and distribution of eight compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) were determined in different marine species (seals, cetaceans, birds, and fish). The eight CTTs included six commercially available and two chlorobornanes prepared in our lab. These congeners were present in all investigated samples. In agreement with earlier studies, the octachlorobornane B8-1413 (P-26) and the nonachlorobornane B9-1679 (P-50) were the most abundant congeners in most of the samples. In seal blubber, B8-1413 (P-26) and B9-1679 (P-50) contributed with up to approximately 80% (Weddell seal) to the sum of the eight CTTs. In seals from the northern hemisphere the nonachlorobornane was more abundant while in those from the southern hemisphere (Antarctic and Namibia), the octachlorobornane B8-1413 (P-26) usually appeared at higher concentrations. Depending on the species the contribution of the other congeners varied significantly. B9-1025 (P-62) ranged from 2-20%, B8-1412 was found at 4-25% with highest contribution in birds, and B8-2229 (P-44) was found at 5-15%. The remaining three congeners B7-1453, B8-1414 (P-40), and B8-1945 (P-41) were lower abundant except B8-1414 (P-40) which was found at high contribution in liver and kidney of birds. The sum of the eight CTTs ranged from 4 microg/kg to 1.4 mg/kg, depending on the species and region. In most of the seal blubber samples, PCBs and DDT were more abundant (factor 2-20) but Antarctic Weddell seals showed higher CTT levels than PCBs and DDT.
Descriptors: birds, fishes, insecticides pharmacokinetics, seals, earless, toxaphene pharmacokinetics, whales, adipose tissue chemistry, Antarctic regions, environmental monitoring, insecticides analysis, tissue distribution, toxaphene analogs and derivatives, toxaphene analysis.
Ylitalo, G.M., J.E. Stein, T. Hom, L.L. Johnson, K.L. Tilbury, A.J. Hall, T. Rowles, D. Greig, L.J. Lowenstine, and F.M.D. Gulland (2005). The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(1): 30-39. ISSN: 0025-326X.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, pollutants, neoplastic diseases, organochlorine tissue burdens, mortality, chemical pollution, North Pacific, California, neoplasms, associated mortality.
Zeisler, R., R. Demiralp, B.J. Koster, P.R. Becker, M. Burow, P. Ostapczuk, and S.A. Wise (1993). Determination of inorganic constituents in marine mammal tissues. Science of the Total Environment 139-140: 365-86. ISSN: 0048-9697.
NAL Call Number: RA565.S365
Abstract: Analyses of selected tissues from the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) have provided comprehensive information related to levels of 36 trace elements and methyl-mercury in marine mammal tissues. Liver, kidney and muscle tissues from two northern fur seals, four ringed seals and six belukha whales were analyzed. The bulk of the investigated tissues and additional tissues from a total of 65 marine mammals are banked in the AMMTAP. The results are compared to literature values for trace element concentrations in marine mammal tissues and their relevance to environmental studies is discussed.
Descriptors: environmental monitoring, environmental pollutants analysis, seals, earless, trace elements analysis, whales, alaska, kidney chemistry, liver chemistry, muscles chemistry, neutron activation analysis, organ specificity, species specificity, specimen handling, tissue banks.