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USDA closely monitors markets for many commodities, including corn and soybeans—important feedstocks for ethanol and biodiesel, respectively. Below is a collection of data sources on production, consumption, prices, and trade in feedstocks, coproducts, and the biofuels themselves. Please note that, currently, cellulosic ethanol is not yet widely manufactured or commercially available in the United States. Therefore, only grain ethanol data are presented here.
Ethanol Production and Use
USDA, Agricultural Long-Term Projections. These annual reports include some specific features on bioenergy and explicit projections for corn ethanol and soybean-based biodiesel.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), alternative fuels reports.
- Fuels data. Use of ethanol as a fuel and oxygenate and U.S. ethanol production and consumption, as well as State-level and global ethanol production.
DOE, Energy Information Administration (EIA), historical energy data.
- Petroleum Navigator, Oxygenate Production. Annual and monthly data for production of fuel ethanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) for the United States and five regions. Historical data available back to 1992.
DOE, EIA, Forecasts and Analyses. Analyses and projections of energy information.
- Ethanol. Information, data, and analysis related to ethanol.
- Annual Energy Outlook. Long-term projections of renewable energy consumption (including ethanol) by sector.
- Renewables forecasts. Projected energy generation and consumption by sector is available for 'wood and other biomass,' which includes ethanol and biodiesel. The consumption-by-sector data have breakouts of ethanol and biodiesel. On the Forecasts and Analyses page, look for 'Renewables' in the left-hand column under 'U.S. Data Projections.' In that same section, price projections are listed under 'Energy Use (Demand).'
U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics. Quarterly statistics on the U.S. transportation system. Data on ethanol and biodiesel are available in Chapter 4 (Transportation, Energy, and the Environment), Section B (Transportation Energy Consumption by Mode), Table 4-10 - Estimated Consumption of Alternative and Replacement Fuels for Highway Vehicles.
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract, Energy and Utilities. Includes a variety of data on conventional and renewable energy.
International Energy Agency, Statistics, Renewables. Aggregate renewable energy production and consumption statistics by country. Specify the country or region of interest in the pull-down menus. Aggregated data are reported for 'primary solid biomass' and 'liquid biofuels,' among other categories.
European Commission, Eurostat, Environment and Energy. Consumption and price data on biofuels. On the 'Data' tab, follow the expanding menus to find the data of interest. For example, 'Environment and Energy > Energy > Energy Statistics - Quantities' contains supply, transformation, and consumption data on biofuels.
Ethanol Prices
USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), market news reports.
- Bioenergy Market News Reports. The ethanol plant reports and the ethanol corn and coproducts processing values reports include ethanol price and yield data.
DOE, EERE, Alternative Fuel Price Report. Reports prices for alternative transportation fuels in the United States, including different blends of biodiesel and ethanol, as well as petroleum fuels for comparison. Click on the publication date of interest and scroll through the document to find the fuel/location data.
Agricultural Marketing Resource, Renewable Energy. Ethanol, corn, and DDG prices are collected and updated monthly. In the left-hand column, click on 'Ethanol' and then 'Prices, Trends, and Markets.' The 'Ethanol, Corn, and DDGs Prices at Production Facility by State' spreadsheet includes data for ethanol, corn, and DDGs in several States. Futures prices are available by clicking on 'Ethanol Futures Prices, Cash Prices, and Basis by State.'
State of Nebraska, Nebraska Energy Office, Ethanol and Unleaded Gasoline Average Rack Prices. Ethanol and unleaded gasoline rack prices (wholesale truckload sales or smaller where title transfers at a terminal), f.o.b. (free on board) Omaha, monthly and annual average, 1982 to present.
Ethanol Imports and Exports
Note: due to different methods of calculation (e.g., levels of aggregation) and different sources, these sources of trade data will not always be consistent with one another.
USDA, ERS, Feed Grains Database. Trade data for ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
- For historical trade data, use the Feed Grains Custom Queries.
- In Step 1, select 'Exports and Imports.'
- In Step 2, select either 'Imports' or 'Exports and Shipments' if you want data for total U.S. trade. Or select 'Imports to U.S. from specified source' or 'Exports from U.S. to specified destination' if you want country-level data.
- In Step 3, select 'Ethyl Alcohol.'
- Then select your data frequency (market year, monthly, or quarterly), countries (for country-level data), and year(s).
USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), U.S. Trade Internet System. Searchable database that provides monthly or annual import and export data for ethyl alcohol for nonbeverage purposes by country.
- From the main page, select 'HS-10' from the Imports, Exports, or Re-Exports headings.
- On the subsequent page, select the countries or regions of interest.
- Then in the drop-down box for 'Select From Chapters' underneath the big box for 'HS 10 digit codes,' select chapters 20-29. The list of codes in 'HS 10 digit codes' should change. Once they do, highlight codes 2207106000 (undenatured) and 2207200000 (denatured).
- For monthly data, specify the month and year of interest in the 'Ending Year Range' box on the right side of the page.
- Click 'Submit.'
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), Interactive Tariff and Trade DataWeb. International trade data for 1989-present on a monthly, quarterly, annual, or year-to-date basis. Provides ethanol import data and offers ability to extract ethanol imports destined for fuel transportation use based on rate provision codes from 1996 to June 2008 and new 10-digit Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes as of July 2008.
- Clicking on ITC Trade DataWeb and create a free account. For import data from 1996 to June 2008, follow the steps below for 8-digit HTS codes. For July 2008 and thereafter, use the new 10-digit HTS codes (2207106010 for undenatured ethanol and 22072010 for denatured ethanol); it is not necessary to distinguish between rate provision codes.
- First, on the Main Menu under 'Create a New Query/Report' and 'Select Classification System for List and Display,' select 'HTS Items' under the 'Advanced Searching' category. Leave the other defaults in place and select 'Proceed with New Query.'
- On the next screen (Query Design Page):
- In the 'Select the Data to Report' box (left side of page), choose 'First Unit of Quantity' and other desired variables. (Hold down your Ctrl key to select more than one item.)
- Under the 'Select Aggregate Level & Type' box (right side of page), be sure to select 'Aggregate all Commodities.'
- Click on the 'Create a New Commodity List' (left side of page). In the new box, choose 'HTS8Imports,' and click on 'Select Commodity Level.'
- On the next screen (HTS 8 Lists):
- Create a name (e.g. ethanol) and click on 'Make a New List.'
- Then, select '22 - Beverages, Spirits, and Vinegar' in the top box and click on 'Show Items.'
- Under the 'List of HTS8 Numbers for Selection,' pick 2207.10.60 and 2207.20.00 (hold down the Ctrl key to choose more than one item).
- To the left, click on the 'Copy Number.'
- Once the numbers appear in the 'Current list,' click on 'Return to Query Design Page.'
- On the Query Design Page:
- In the 'Select All Commodities or a Pre-Defined List' box, select the name you have given for your predefined list.
- To the right of that, in the 'Select Aggregate Level & Type' box, 'Aggregate all Commodities' should be the default.
- For full country detail, in the 'Select All Countries or a Pre-defined List' box, select 'All Countries.'
- In the 'Special Import Programs' box, select 'All Country Sub Codes.'
- In the 'Extended Special Import Programs (1997 to present)' box, select 'All Extended Country Sub Codes.'
- In the 'Rate Provision Codes' box, leave 'All Rate Provision Codes (default)' as the default.
- To the right of that, in the 'Select Rate Provision Code Aggregation' box, select 'Display Rate Provision Codes Separately.'
- In the 'District of Entry' box, select 'All Districts.'
- To the right of that, in the 'Select a District Aggregation' box, select 'Aggregate All Districts Together.'
- Click on 'Proceed to Next Step.'
- On the Query Layout Page, pick 'units,' 'country,' and, for data pior to July 2008, 'rate provision code' in that order and click 'Proceed to Next Step.'
- On the Sort Order Page, accept the defaults or revise your choices. Then click on 'Run Report.' Prior to July 2008, data associated with Rate Provision Codes 19, 69, and 79 are ethanol for fuel transportation use. The data does not include imports from U.S. insular possessions.
DOE, EIA, Petroleum Publications, Company Level Imports. Data on petroleum products, including ethanol, imported by companies into the United States. Click on 'Company Level Imports' for a spreadsheet with the most recent data.
European Commission, Eurostat, Environment and Energy. Import and export data on biofuels. On the 'Data' tab, follow the expanding menus to find the data of interest. 'Environment and Energy > Energy > Energy Statistics - Quantities' contains imports (by country of origin) and exports (by country of destination).
Ethanol Feedstocks
USDA, ERS, Feed Outlook. Monthly analyses of world and U.S. production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices for feed grains (focusing on corn). 'Table 1—Feed grains: Marketing year supply and disappearance' and 'Table 5—Corn: Food and industrial uses' include estimates for the current marketing year.
USDA, ERS, Feed Grains Database. Supply, disappearance, trade, and prices for corn.
- For historical data on corn used for fuel alcohol, use the Feed Grains Custom Queries.
- In Step 1, select 'Supply and Use.'
- In Step 2, select 'Utilization, in alcohol for fuel.'
- Corn is the only commodity available in Step 3.
- Select data frequency (market year or quarterly) and year(s).
USDA, ERS, Agricultural Baseline Database. Longrun, 10-year projections for major field crops and livestock from USDA's annual baseline report, which is published annually in February. Customized projections for ethanol can be created by selecting 'Corn' in 'Commodity' box and Ethanol for fuel' in the 'Attribute' box.
USDA, AMS, Bioenergy Market News Reports. The corn and corn coproducts processing values reports include weekly data on corn prices and coproduct values.
Ethanol Coproducts
USDA, ERS, Feed Yearbook. Trade data for brewers' and distillers' dregs and wastes (the distillers' dried grains from ethanol plants). See Table 34—U.S. exports of brewers' and distillers' dregs and waste by selected destinations and Table 35—U.S. imports of brewers' and distillers' dregs and waste by selected sources.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Ethanol Co-Products Used For Livestock Feed. Survey of beef, dairy, and hog producers in 12 Midwestern States to determine usage of distillers grains, essential feed characteristics, and concerns keeping producers from using distillers grains. Data on feed per animal and average price per ton are in the 'Co-Products Fed by Type' table on pages 3 and 4.
USDA, AMS, market news reports.
- Bioenergy Market News Reports.
- The ethanol corn and coproducts processing values reports provide weekly yield and price data for distillers dried grains (DDGs) and the difference between the corn price and coproduct value.
- Ethanol plant reports quote offers for dried, wet, and modified wet distillers' grains.
- National Weekly Ethanol Summary.
 Synthesizes DDGs prices into one report.
U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Census Bureau; Manufacturing, Mining, and Construction Statistics; Current Industrial Reports.
- M311J Fats and Oils: Oilseed Crushing. Data on corn use for meal, feed, and aggregate reported distillers grains.
- In the monthly reports, corn product data are in Table 4b.
- In the monthly summaries, corn product data are reported in Table 4.
Biodiesel Production and Use
USDA, ERS, Oil Crops Outlook. Monthly and annual U.S. disappearance of methyl esters from soybeans (a proxy for soybean-oil based biodiesel production) are in Table 3—Soybean oil: U.S. supply and disappearance.
USDA, ERS, Agricultural Long-Term Projections. These annual reports include some specific features on bioenergy and explicit projections for corn ethanol and soybean-based biodiesel.
U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Census Bureau; Manufacturing, Mining, and Construction Statistics; Current Industrial Reports.
- 311K Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks. After 2005, methyl esters produced from different categories of oils, fats, and greases are broken out as a separate category under 'inedible products' in the monthly and annual reports.
- Table 3a contains data on total quantity consumed.
- Table 4 (Table 4a in the annual report) contains data on production, consumption, and stocks.
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract, Energy and Utilities. Includes a variety of data on conventional and renewable energy.
DOE, EERE, alternative fuels reports.
- Fuels data. U.S. biodiesel production estimates. Under the 'Trends' heading, click on 'U.S. Biodiesel Production.'
DOE, EIA, Annual Energy Review. Historical annual energy statistics. Section 10 is Renewable Energy. The 'Fuel Ethanol and Biodiesel Overview' is Section 10.3.
International Energy Agency, Statistics, Renewables. Aggregate renewable energy production and consumption statistics by country. Specify the country or region of interest in the pull-down menus. Aggregated data are reported for 'primary solid biomass' and 'liquid biofuels,' among other categories.
Biodiesel Prices
USDA, AMS, market news reports.
DOE, EERE, alternative fuel reports. Semi-annual data on biodiesel prices.
- Alternative Fuel Price Report. Reported prices for alternative transportation fuels in the United States, including different blends of biodiesel and ethanol, as well as petroleum fuels for comparison. Click on the publication date of interest and scroll through the document to find the fuel/location data.
- Fuels data. U.S. biodiesel price estimates. Under the 'Trends' heading, click on 'Average Retail Fuel Prices in the U.S.'
Biodiesel Feedstocks
USDA, ERS, Oil Crops Outlook. Supply, disappearance, trade, and prices of soybean oil, the primary feedstock for U.S. biodiesel.
University and Commercial Sources
Sun Grant BioWeb. The Sun Grant Initiative is a federally funded initiative among universities and Federal laboratories to coordinate research efforts related to a 'biobased economy.' The initiative is comprised of representatives from five Regional Centers, including many universities. Click on the regional center of interest to learn more about participating institutions and the data they offer.
Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). Current and historical ethanol prices, as well as the CBOT Ethanol Chartbook, which contains information regarding ethanol trading.
Renewable Fuels Association. Information on U.S. and global ethanol production, U.S. ethanol capacity, plant locations, and other indicators.
National Biodiesel Board. Articles and reports on biodiesel-related topics, including estimates of U.S. biodiesel operating capacity and use.
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