Pinus strobus L.

White pine


Species recognized by Aljos Farjon, Conifer Database in 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC) external link Switch to common names

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Pinus strobus L.

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Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus strobus L.

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Literature References

Source and Additional Information

Baranec, T. 1979. A karyological study of some species of the genus Pinus L. Biologia 34: 3-13.

Burrows, G. E., and R. J. Tyrl. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

Critchfield, W. B. and E. L. Little Jr. 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. Misc. Publ. Pacific SouthW. Forest Range Exp. Sta. 991: i–v, 1–97.

Dirr, M. 1998. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants : Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses, ed. 5. Stipes Publishing Co., Champaign, Illinois.

Erdtman, H. 1959. Conifer chemistry and taxonomy of conifers. Pp. 1–27 in K. Kratzl and G. Billek, eds. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Biochemistry, vol. 2. Pergamon Press, Oxford, Great Britain.

Farjon, A. 2005. Pines: Drawings and Descriptions of the Genus Pinus, 2nd ed. Brill, Leiden.

Farjon, A., J. A. Perez de la Rosa, and B. T. Styles. 1997. A Field Guide to the Pines of Mexico and Central America (English version). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England.

Grenandt, D. S., G. Geada López, S. Ortiz García and A. Liston. 2005. Phylogeny and classification of Pinus. Taxon 54: 29-42.

Harrington, T. C. and M. J. Wingfield. 1998. Diseases and the ecology of indigenous and exotic pines. Pp. 381–404 in D. M. Richardson, ed. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.

Hindáková, M., and T. Schwarzov. 1987. Karyological study of the Slovak flora XX. Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Bot. 34: 21-25l.

Hizume, M. 1988. Karyomorphological studies in the family Pinaceae. Mem. Fac. Education, Ehime Univ., Ser e, Natural Sci. 8: 1-108.

Kartesz, J. T. and C. A. Meacham. 1999. Synthesis of the North American Flora, ver. 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. [CD-ROM].

Kral, R. 1993. Pinus Linnaeus. Pp. 373–398 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York.

Kowarik, I. 2003. Biologische Invasionen: Neophyten und Neozoen in Mitteleuropa. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany.

Krüssman, G. 1985. Manual of Cultivated Conifers (English edition). Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Krüssmann, G. 1985. Manual of Cultivated Conifers, English translation (by M. E. Epp). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Linnaeus, C. von. 1753. Species Plantarum : Exhibentes Plantas Rite Cognitas, Ad Genera Relatas, cum Differentiis Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Synonymis Selectis, Locis Natalibus, Secundum Systema Sexuale Digestas, 2 vols. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Sweden.

MacDonald, G. M., L. C. Cwynar and C. Whitlock. 1998. The late Quaternary dynamics of pines in northern North America. Pp. 122–136 in D. M. Richardson, ed. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.

Martínez, M. 1940. Pinaceas Mexicanas. Descripción de algunas especies y variedades nuevas. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 11: 57-84.

Mielke, J. L. 1943. White pine blister rust in western North America. Bull. Yale Univ. School Forest. 52: 1-155.

Miller, C. N., Jr. 1977. Mesozoic conifers. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 43: 217-280.

Mirov, N. T. 1961. Composition of gum turpentines of pines. Tech. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1239: i–v, 1–158.

Mirov, N. T. 1967. The Genus Pinus. Ronald Press, New York.

Moerman, D. E. 1998. Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Norin, T. 1972. Some aspects of the chemistry of the order Pinales. Phytochemistry 11: 1231-1242.

Peattie, D. C. 1948. White pine; once king of the primeval forests from Maine to Minnesota, the noble conifer has exerted a powerful influence in American history. Sci. Amer. 178(6): 48-53.

Price, R. A. 1989. The genera of Pinaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 70: 247-305.

Price, R. A., A. Liston and S. H. Strauss. 1998. Phylogeny and systematics of Pinus. Pp. 49–68 in D. M. Richardson, ed. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.

Saylor, L. C. 1983. Karyotype analysis of the genus Pinus subgenus Strobus. Silvae Genet. 32: 119-124.

Von Rudloff, E. 1975. Volatile leaf oil analysis in chemosystematic studies of North American conifers. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2: 131-167.

Zerbe, S. 2007. Chapter 15. Non-indigenous plant species in central European forest ecosystems. Pp. 235–252 in S.-K. Hong, N. Nakagoshi, B.J. Fu and Y. Morimoto, eds. Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas: Linking Man and Nature Systems. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.