Center for Demography of Health and Aging

This page is designed to aid researchers in aging find cross-sectional studies, time series, contextual data, and other data relevant to their research. About 55 studies and datasets have been highlighted in order to provide easy access to some of the most well known and useful studies of the sociological, economic, and medical aspects of aging. This is a small selection of relevant studies, but the archives, government agencies and NGOs listed below will help serve as a gateway to hundreds more.

The best way to use this page is to either go directly to the studies of interest (listed in the Alphabetic index), or to click on any of the outline headings for a more in-depth discussion of the sources of data related to research in aging on the Internet. Again, the alphabetic index is only a subset of all the material on this page.

Data come in basically two flavors: 1) raw data that must be manipulated with statistical programs; 2) extractable data, summary statistics, or both, from websites or media (usually CD-ROMs).

Alphabetic Index of Data

I. Sources of Raw Data

A. Multi-Study Indexes
B. Government Agencies and NGOs
C. Selected Studies and Data Resources

II. Extractable Data from Web Sites or Media (Usually CD-ROMS)

I. Sources of Raw Data:

A.Multi-Study Archives

1. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)--University of
Michigan
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/)

ICPSR is the largest archive of social science data in the world, with thousands of studies in eighteen major subject areas. Holdings can be searched or browsed. The great power of ICPSR is not simply the availability of data sets (in compressed and uncompressed format), but the availability of ancillary information such as data definition statements, and exhaustive descriptive metadata about data sets. ICPSR also has subsets of subject specific data arranged into archives in the fields of education, aging, criminal justice, and substance abuse & metal health (see below). The archive can be browsed or searched by keyword (three fields or study number) at:

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ICPSR/access/index.html

Profitable places to browse for ICPSR data related to aging are:

A. Census Enumerations

B. Health Care Facilities

C. Social Institutions and Behavior--Age and the Life Cycle and Vital Statistics

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html

D. In addition, ICPSR maintains topical archives that are subsets of the main archive. The most useful of these are:

A. The National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA)
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/index.html)

ICPSR, in cooperation with the National Institute on Aging (NIA), provides this archive, which seeks "to advance research on aging by helping researchers to profit from the under-exploited potential of a broad range of data sets. NACDA acquires and preserves data relevant to gerontological research, processing as needed to promote effective research use, disseminates them to researchers, and facilitates their use." Studies are available in six categories: demographic characteristics of older adults; social characteristics of older adults; economic characteristics of older adults; psychological characteristics, mental health, and well-being of older adults; physical health and functioning of older adults; and health care needs, utilization, and financing for older adults. The NACDA Catalog (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/publications.html) is available at the site and is an essential tool for researchers in aging. The site also provides restricted access to selected microdata census samples from:

The Dynamics of Population Aging in ECE Countries
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/SERIES/dpa.html)

Studies of particular interest to aging researchers include:

RAND Aging Studies in the Developing World (Rand Family Life Surveys)
(http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/NACDA-SERIES/00109.xml)

Aging Veterans of the Union Army Studies
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/search-basic.html
(Search for study numbers 6837, 2877, 6836 and 9425)

Americans' Changing Lives: Waves I and II, 1986 and 1989
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/search-basic.html
(Search for study numbers 9267 and 6438)

National Health Interview Survey: Longitudinal Study of Aging, 70 Years and Over, 1984-1990 (#8719)
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/archive.html
(Search on study number)

NCHS has also done a Second Supplement on Aging, a part of the 1994 National Health Interview Survey.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1982-1984 (#8900)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1986 (#9466)
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1987 (#9854)
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/archive.html
(Search on study number)

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1992 is available by searching the main ICPSR archive for Study #6861
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/search-basic.html
(Search on study number)

National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), 1995-1996 (#2760)
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/archive.html)

Search for MIDUS in titles.

NACDA studies can be browsed or searched.

B. Health and Medical Care Archive
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/HMCA/)

While this Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored archive is not specifically related to aging research, it may contain some studies that have ancillary value.

2. Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA)
(http://www.nsd.uib.no/cessda/)

CESSDA is a metasite that allows users to connect to over 30 data archives around the world. It provides a browseable (viamaps) interface to these archives, and a searchable interface to eleven of them via its catalog, which can be searched by any offive fields. The availability of data is dependent upon the archive. CESSDA provides easy one stop shopping for worldwide data.

3. The Center for Electronic Records--National Archives and Records Administration
(NARA)
(http://www.archives.gov/research_room/center_for_electronic_records/center_for_electronic_records.html)

NARA's CER contains electronic records arranged by agencies of the US government. The title list (http://www.archives.gov/research_room/center_for_electronic_records/list_of_electronic_records.html) is the easiest means of access to its holdings. Data are on various media (mostly 9-track and 3480 tapes, CD-ROMS or diskettes). Almost all data from NARA is made available in uncompressed format. Users must order the data they are interested in, the media it is to be delivered on, and the accompanying documentation. Data is available from eighteen major agencies in the three branches of government. Holdings can be browsed but not searched. There is little descriptive information about the data. Note that the title list is only a partial listing of all CER's holdings. Users should contact the center for more information. Contact information is available at the bottom of the title list. NARA is an agency to search for data when you cannot find it anywhere else. Since its catalog is arranged by agency, some relevant agencies to browse are:

Bureau of the Census, which is highlighted by Public Use Samples (PUS ) and Summary Tape Files (STF) from 1940 - 1990
(http://www.archives.gov/research_room/center_for_electronic_records/commerce_department.html#census)

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), which includes CDC (Centers for Disease Control), NIH (National Institutes of Health), AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) , and HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration).
(http://www.archives.gov/research_room/center_for_electronic_records/health_and_human_services.html)

Social Security Administration
(http://www.archives.gov/research_room/center_for_electronic_records/miscellaneous_government_electronic_records.html#ssa)

4. Institute for Social Research (ISR) Survey Research Center (SRC) Projects--University of Michigan
(http://www.isr.umich.edu/src/projects.html)

Of the four major studies residing at the ISR SRC three are relevant to researchers in aging. They are:

Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD)
(http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/)

"The Health and Retirement Study is intended to provide data for researchers, policy analysts, and program planners who are making major policy decisions that affect retirement, health insurance, saving and economic well-being. It is a national panel study with an initial sample of over 12,600 persons in 7,600 households. The AHEAD study provides data to address a broad range of scientific questions focused on the interplay of resources and late life health transitions. Among these issues are: the costs of illness borne by the family; differences in how resources are used to offset cognitive, physical, and functional losses; the effectiveness of various care arrangements in preserving function and delaying institutionalization; the extent to which transfers from kin buffer the assets of older persons and slow transitions to late life impoverishment; and the extent and mechanisms for dissaving and Medicaid spend down." Data, documentation, and bibliographies from both studies are available. In addition, there is a HRS/AHEAD Dynamic Concordance (http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/concord/index.html), an extraction system that allows for cross-referencing questions across time. Users pick the waves of the studies they are interested in, subject sections from those waves, and how the output is sorted. Question text can be searched.

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID)
(http://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/)

"The PSID is a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of US individuals and the families in which they reside. It has been ongoing since 1968. The data are collected annually, and the data files contain the full span of information collected over the course of the study. PSID data can be used for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intergenerational analysis and for studying both individuals and families." Data, documentation, and a bibliography are available. In addition the PSID Subsetting System (http://simba.isr.umich.edu/) allows the user to pick years (final or early release from 1968 on), variables (with or without conditions), and type of output. Multiple data definition file statement types are supported.

5. Socionet--Sociometrics
(http://www.socio.com/)

Sociometrics provides a Data Archive of Social Research On Aging (http://www.socio.com/data_arc/dasra_0.htm), which contains three studies at this time. It also provides a Contextual Data Archive (http://www.socio.com/data_arc/contex_0.htm), which contains "data that describe the population, social, and economic characteristics of geographic areas, from census tracts to states, in which people reside or work...."

6. Murray Research Data Archive--Radcliffe College
(http://www.radcliffe.edu/murray/index.php)

Murray Research Center is "a center for research on the changing lives of American women. The center's primary purpose is to promote the use of existing social science data to explore human development and social change. To this end the Center has established a national archive of over 200 studies that it makes available for new research." Each study contains extensive descriptive metadata and is available in SPSS portable format. Study sizes range from one (Monica Study--one individual and her family) to over 1,000 (American Couples). Most study sizes are small. Studies of possible interest to researchers in aging include: Coping and Adaptation in Older Black Women 1980; Coping and Health Among Older Urban Widows 1984-1986; Factors Influencing Women to Return to School and the School Experience 1972; Faith Development, Moral Development, and Old Age 1978; Friendships of Older Women: Changes Over Time 1992; Grant Study of Adult Development 1938-; Health and Personal Styles 1989; Intergenerational Studies 1932-1982; Intergenerational Study of Puerto Rican Families in New York City 1976-1978; Kelly Longitudinal Study 1935-1955; Follow-up of the Kelly Longitudinal Study 1979-1981; Life Patterns Survey 1980--Radcliffe College Class of 1943; Longitudinal Study of Generations and Mental Health 1971-1997; Longitudinal Study of Moral Development 1955-1977; McBeath Institute Aging Women Project 1978-1979; Ohio Longitudinal Study; 1975-1995; Widowhood in an American City 1968; and Women in the Middle Years 1980, among others.

7. International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)--Central Archive for Empirical Social Research (Germany)
(http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/index.htm)

ISSP is dedicated to cross-national social science research. To this end, the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research provides access to multiple surveys in areas such as "Role of Government," "Family and

Changing Sex Roles," "Religion," "Social Inequality," and "National Identity." Surveys were done in different years from 1985 onward and in different countries (mostly European and North American). ISSP makes available a CD-ROM with all surveys and documentation.

8. Panel Study of Income Dynamics Inventory of National Studies Using Long-Term Panel Data--University of Michigan Institute for Social Research
(http://www.isr.umich.edu/src/psid/panelstudies.html)

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics maintains a links page to other national studies using long-term panel data. At present, there is information and/or Internet links to over 20 other national studies.

B. Government Agencies and NGOs

A. AgingStats.gov
(http://www.agingstats.gov/links.html)

The Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics (Forum)" provides this page of links to statistical resources available from member agencies.

B. Directory of Health and Human Services Data Resources--Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation of the Department of Health and Human Services
(http://aspe.hhs.gov/datacncl/DataDir/index.shtml)

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation of the Department of Health and Human Services has produced a Directory of Data Resources within the Department. "The HHS Directory of Health and Human Services Data Resources is a compilation of information about virtually all major data collection systems sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Directory was developed under the auspices of the HHS Data Council, which serves as the department's senior internal data policy body and advises the Secretary on a variety of data policy issues. The directory updates and expands upon the 1995 HHS Directory of Minority Health and Human Services Data. Additional data systems are included in this update, and more extensive information about each data system is provided." Agencies covered include the Administration on Aging, Health Care Financing Administration (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services), Agency for HealthCare Research and Policy , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Health Resources and Services Administration, National Institutes of Health, and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

Government Agency and NGO Data:

1. US Census Bureau
(http://www.census.gov)

The Census Bureau is one of the largest distributors of data in the world. A fair proportion of that data is either directly relevant or of ancillary value to researchers in aging. Data from the 2000 and 1990 Censuses and international data is available via three extraction systems (see below), as well as data from the Bureau's major surveys via extraction system (see also below). Most data is available through the American Factfinder (http://factfinder.census.gov/). The Bureau conveniently links to all of its age related data from one page: AGE DATA (http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/age.html). Here can be found links to estimates and projections from as far back as 1970 to the present (depending on the geography) for various geographies.

2. Data Warehouse--National Center for Health Statistics
(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh.htm)

NCHS Data Warehouse is a veritable gold mine of public health data and information. The key links from this site are the links to the mortality tables (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs.htm), Adobe Acrobat .pdf tables for each cause of death by age group (tables that are hundreds, and sometimes thousands of pages long); and links to the public use data files (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/ftpserv/ftpdata/ftpdata.htm), which contain machine readable data and documentation for the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Health Interview Survey, NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, and data from the National Vital Statistics System. For data that is available only in media, there are links to information about media and costs. Other National Center for Health Statistics relevant datasets include the National Nursing Home Survey (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nnhsd/nnhsd.htm), National Sruvey of Ambulatory Surgery (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nsascol.htm), the National Hospital Discharge Survey (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nhds.htm), and the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA II) Wave 2 Survivor Interview(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/aging/w2sf.htm), an ongoing development of the LSOA II supplement to the 1994 NHIS discussed above in the ICPSR section.

3. National Death Index--Centers for Disease Control
(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/ndi/ndi.htm)

"The National Death Index (NDI) is a central computerized index of death record information on file in the State vital statistics offices. Working with these State offices, NCHS established the NDI as a resource to aid epidemiologists and other health and medical investigators with their mortality ascertainment activities."

4. Social Security Death Index--Social Security Administration
(http://www.ssa.gov/pubs/deathfile.htm)

The Social Security Administration has a Master Death Index file that can be purchased on media (3480 cartridge or "magnetic discs") for approximately $1,700. Some Internet sites such as Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/vital/ssdi/main.htm) and Genealogy.com (http://www.genealogy.com/gen_ssdisearch.html) provide public access to searches for individual records but these are extremely cumbersome if multiple searches are necessary.

5. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Studies
(http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/)

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, a part of the National Institutes of Health, produces many studies, two of which may be of particular interest to researchers in aging. They are:

The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/deca/descriptions/nlms.htm). "The NLMS is a national study of mortality over time among selected Census Bureau samples numbering about 1.3 million persons. The main objectives of the study are to analyze socio-economic, demographic and occupational differentials in mortality within the United States. The basic procedure involves matching a number of Current Population Surveys (CPS) and other Census files to the National Death Index (NDI) every other year to obtain deaths occurring among these cohorts. Death certificates are then purchased from the states. Causes of death and other data on the death certificate are coded. Mortality rates by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, occupation, industry, income, education, state of residence and other factors may then be obtained. The follow-up period begins with 1979, the first year covered by the NDI, and ends with 1989. The total number of deaths in the cohorts for these years is estimated to be about 100,000." The study can be obtained only by contacting Dr. Paul Sorlie of the NHLBI. Contact information can be found in the NIH Staff Directory (http://directory.nih.gov/)

Framingham Heart Study (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/framingham/index.html). More information, including contact information, about this famous 50 year old study can be found at this site.

6. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Public Use Files
(http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MedicareProgramRatesStats/)

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provides access to selected public use files from this site. Files have brief abstracts that explain their contents. Most files are DOS/Windows compressed and record layouts are in various formats.

7. New Beneficiaries Data System--Social Security Administration
(hhttp://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/microdata/nbds/)

The NDBS contains "extensive information on the changing circumstances of aged and disabled beneficiaries," taken from a "national cross-sectional survey of new beneficiaries in 1982," and supplemented with administrative data and a follow-up survey in 1991.

8. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Public Use Files --Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(http://www.meps.ahcpr.gov/)

"The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is a nationally representative survey of health care use, expenditures, sources of payment, and insurance coverage for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, as well as a national survey of nursing homes and their residents. MEPS is co-sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). This survey is designed to yield comprehensive data that estimate the level and distribution of health care use and expenditures, monitor the dynamics of the health care delivery and insurance systems, and assess health care policy implications. MEPS is the third in a series of national probability surveys conducted by AHRQ on the financing and utilization of medical care in the United States. The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES, also known as NMES-1) was conducted in 1977, the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES-2) in 1987. Beginning in 1996, the MEPS continues this series with design enhancements and efficiencies that provide a more current data resource than in previous surveys. MEPS comprises four component surveys: the Household Component (HC), the Medical Provider Component (MPC), the Insurance Component (IC), and the Nursing Home Component (NHC). The HC serves as the core survey from which the MPC sample and part of the IC sample are based. Data are collected through a combination of computer-assisted in-person interviews, telephone interviews, and mailed surveys."

9. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program 1973-1999 Public-Use CD-ROM and downloadable data--National Cancer Institute
(http://seer.cancer.gov/publicdata/)

This is, according to SEER, the most authoritative source of information on cancer incidence and survival in the United States. Also on a separate CD-ROM is SEER-STAT, an extraction program to access the same data.

10. WHO Mortality Database
(http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis,mort&language=english)

The World Health Organization provides data sets broken out by sex and age group in files organized by ICD number (7-10). The ICD number of the file basically indicates the chronological coverage. Documentation is provided. This data goes back to the 1950s. WHO also provides an extractor for recent years:WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) (http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis,whsa&language=english ).

C. Selected Studies and Data Resources

1. The Berkeley Mortality Database--University of California-Berkeley and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Human Mortality Database--Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Human Life Table Database
http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/~bmd/
http://www.mortality.org/
http://www.lifetable.de/

This Berkeley data is provided by Professor John R. Wilmoth of the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley. It contains some or all of the following data: birth, death, exposure rates, population estimates, census data, and life tables by age and sex for France, Japan, Sweden, and the United States. Time periods vary, with some Swedish data available back to 1749. Selected data are available in Lexis triangles, 1x1, 1x5, 5x5, and 5x10 year/age increments. All available documentation can be found at the website. The MPIDR database, provided by Prof. Wilmoth, in conjunction with Vladimir Shkolnikov, expands the concept to 17 countries, in Europe, North America, and Asia. Note: The MPIDR database requires user registration before providing data. The MPIDR Human Life Table Database "is a collection of population life tables covering a multitude of countries and many years. Most of the HLD life tables are life tables for national populations, which have been officially published by national statistical offices. Some of the HLD life tables refer to certain regional or ethnic sub-populations within countries. Parts of the HLD life tables are non-official life tables produced by researchers." At present, life tables for varying years for over 30 countries are available.

2. 1990 Census Subject Summary Tape Files--University of California, Berkeley Social Science and Government Data Archive
(ftp://goldrush.berkeley.edu:4021/pub/SSTF/index.html)

The UC-Berkeley Social Science and Government Data Archive provides a large set of its collection of US Census Bureau data files holdings via FTP (File Transfer Protocol). While most of these files have age parameters, and might therefore be useful to researchers in aging, of particular interest is the Subject Summary Tape File (SSTF) collection from the 1990 Census. Data is available from 19 of 22 subject summary tape files. The other three are directly accessible via a web extraction interface. Included among these are SSTF8--Housing of the Elderly, and SSTF19--Older Population of the US. The data are accompanied by an extraction system ("Go") and technical documentation. Note that because of the size of some of the files, users may want to use anonymous FTP rather than the web interface provided. For those who do this, make sure to download all the files, along with the documentation directory, to a folder or subdirectory already created on your machine. Note that if the UC-Berkeley subdirectory you are interested in doesn't appear in a generic FTP listing, it should be available by using the "cd" command. Use the directory structure available via the web interface as your guide. Note also that if you are going to use ftp to transfer the files, transfer them binary and open a session to port 4021. Using generic ftp, this call should work:

ftp goldrush.berkeley.edu 4021

In Windows ftp click on "advanced" to change the port number before you connect.

3. Current Population Survey Data--National Bureau of Economic Research
(http://www.nber.org/cps/)

NBER provides access to an extensive set of data and documentation from CPS monthly data, supplements, and the merged outgoing rotations, among others. The strength of this collection is its historical coverage.

4. National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS)--Bureau of Labor Statistics
(http://www.bls.gov/nls/home.htm)

Data can be purchased or downloaded from:
http://www.chrr.ohio-state.edu/nls-info/ordering/display_db.php3

To use CHRR data, you must also download and install the NLS Database Investigator:
http://www.nlsinfo.org/dbgator/index.php3

"The National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS), sponsored and directed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, gather detailed information about the labor market experiences and other aspects of the lives of six groups of men and women. The first set of surveys, initiated in 1966, consisted of four cohorts. These four groups are referred to as the "older men," "mature women," "young men," and "young women" cohorts of the NLS, and are known collectively as the "original cohorts." In 1979, a longitudinal study of a cohort of young men and women aged 14 to 22 was begun. This sample of youth was called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). In 1986, the NLSY79 was expanded to include surveys of the children born to women in that cohort and called the NLSY79 Children." Data and profuse documentation can be purchased from Ohio State University. Data is distributed on CD-ROM. Selected data is also available for direct download.

5. National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS)--Duke University
(http://www.cds.duke.edu/)

"The 1982, 1984, 1989, 1994, and 1999 National Long Term Care Surveys (NLTCS) are surveys of the entire aged population with a particular emphasis on the aged who are functionally impaired. The samples drawn from aged Medicare beneficiary enrollment files are nationally representative of both community and institutional residents. The 1982, 1984, 1989 and 1994 NLTCS are designed to measure the point prevalence of chronic (90 days or more) disability in the U.S. elderly Medicare enrolled population and changes (both improvement and incidence) in chronic disability (and institutionalization) over time." The 1999 release of the survey began in March, 2001. A data request letter is required in order to receive the data and documentation on CD-ROM. A standardized version of all variables is available at Unicon (http://www.unicon.com/)

6. National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH)--University of Wisconsin-Madison
(http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/nsfh/)

"The National Survey of Families and Households includes interviews with 13,007 respondents from a national sample. The sample includes a main cross-section of 9,637 households plus an oversampling of blacks, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, single-parent families, families with step-children, cohabiting couples and recently married persons. NSFH2 reinterviewed the original NSFH sample in 1992-94, five years after the original interview." Data, documentation, working papers, and a bibliography are available. A third wave of NSFH interviews is now being conducted.

7. PUMS Census Data from Michigan
(http://micda.psc.isr.umich.edu/data.html)

The University of Michigan provides two 1990 PUMS aging related files on demand: the 3% elderly file released by the Census Bureau (also available via the ICPSR NACDA archive (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/archive.html) (search for study #6219); and a file "combining households with a respondent 60+ or older from the 5% PUMs with the 3% PUMs. This allows for an 8% sample of elderly households from the 1990 PUMS. The weights have been readjusted."

8. Rand Corporation Contextual Data Library
(http://www.rand.org/centers/aging/dataprod/cdl/index.html)

This site, funded by the RAND Population Research Center and the RAND Center for the Study of Aging, provides 20 datasets at this time that are intended to be "used in analyses to characterize a time and/or place." Datasets may include any or all of the following: SAS data set; SAS format definition; STATA data file; tab-delimited file; and readme file. Data are bundled in compressed PC and UNIX formats. Among currently available data are: Remaining Life Expectancy; US Federal Minimum Wage; Divorce Rate; Annual Social Security Contribution Base; Average Poverty Thresholds by Family Size and Elderly/NonElderly; and State and U.S. Population by Gender, Race, Age.

9. The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS)--University of Wisconsin Data and Program Library Service
(http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wls/l)

"The WLS is a long-term study of a random sample of 10,317 men and women who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957. Survey data were collected from the original respondents or their parents in 1957, 1964, 1975, and 1992 and a selected sibling in 1977 and 1993." Data, documentation, and a bibliography are included. Users must register for the data before acquiring it.

II. Extractable data from web sites or media (usually CD-ROMS)

1. FERRET--Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau
(http://ferret.bls.census.gov:80/)
Data Ferrett downloadable browser:
(http://dataferrett.census.gov/TheDataWeb/index.html)

FERRET provides interactive access to all major CPS (Current Population Surveys) and supplements as far back as 1992 (years vary by supplements), the 1992, 1993, and available 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), the 1997 Survey of Program Dynamics, the 1993 National Health Interview Survey, the 1988-1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, the 1994 Mortality - Underlying Cause-of-Death file, the 1996 National Ambulatory Care Survey, and the 1996 National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey. Selected data (raw or SAS data sets) or descriptive statistics can be accessed. Download options are available. Users must login before using the system. In addition, FERRET provides direct downloading of data files for selected CPS and SIPP files from its FTP (http://www.bls.census.gov/ferretftp.htm) site.

2. CDC Wonder--Centers for Disease Control
(http://wonder.cdc.gov/)

WONDER provides statistical tables from the data it covers. Among the useful statistical data sets WONDER provides extraction for are: SEER (Cancer Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) (users can pick geographies, demographics, time periods and disease codes); ICD9 and 10 Finder (disease by classification number) (users can search by keyword); State Injury Mortality Data (users can pick geographies and injury type); and Mortality (users can pick geographies, demographics, and time periods); Note that time periods covered vary by database. Download options are available. Wonder also hosts many bibliographic databases. Users must login at the main site before accessing data.

3. NACDA DAS--ICPSR NACDA
(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACDA/das.html)

ICPSR's National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging contains an extraction system that allows users to "subset variables or cases for analyzing or downloading and produce crosstabulations, descriptive statistics, and frequencies for selected studies." Key studies covered include: Longitudinal Study of Aging, 70 Years and Over, 1984-1990; National Health Interview Survey, 1994, Second Supplement On Aging; National Survey Of Self-Care And Aging: Follow-Up, 1994; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II: Mortality Study, 1992; and several National Hospital Discharge Surveys.

4. IPUMS--University of Minnesota History Department
(http://www.ipums.org/)

IPUMS contains "high precision" samples drawn from the 1850-1990 censuses. It assigns uniform codes across the samples. Users can pick geographies, variables, sample sizes, and cases. Output can be accessed in raw or compressed form, with a customized codebook and SPSS data definition statements. Note that free registration is required to use the extraction system.

5. American Factfinder--Census 2000 and 1990 Lookup (Extractor)
(http://factfinder.census.gov/)

This extraction system contains data from STF1 (100% count of basic demographic variables), STF2 (2000 only) and STF3 (sample count of all socioeconomic and demographic variables). Users can pick both geographies and variables. Download, as well as mapping options are available.

6. International Data Base (IDB)--Census Bureau
(http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html)

IDB allows the user to pick basic demographic and socio-economic variables for any or all of 227 countries around the world. Summary or detailed data is available from as early as 1950 to projections as late as 2050. In addition, static or "active" population pyramids are available. Users can aggregate selected countries into chosen regions. Countries can be ranked by population for any year from 1950-2050. Download options are available. IDB can also be downloaded and used locally on the PC.

7. Healthy Women: State Trends in Health and Mortality --National Center for Health Statistics
(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthywomen.htm)

Trends in Health and Aging contains over 100 interactive tables with age group information on various demographic topics. The system is driven by the "Beyond 20/20" data browser.

8. CPS Utilities CPS on Web--Unicon Research Corporation
(http://www.unicon.com/cpsonweb.html)

An offshoot of Unicon's CPS Utilities, this extraction system allows the user to choose from any of nearly 1,100 variables from the Census Bureau's March and June Current Population Survey Supplement. Users can choose variables and years, and create custom variables. Download options are available. Note: This extraction system works only on Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or above. CPS on the Web is presently free during the "development" stage.

9. Luxembourg Income and Employment Studies (LIS and LES)--Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Center for Population, Poverty and Policy Studies (CEPS)
(http://www.lisproject.org/)

"The Luxembourg Income Study, begun in 1983, is a database of social and economic household survey microdata from 25 countries in Europe, North America, the Far East, and Australia." Data are directly taken from household surveys or administrative records in the countries involved. Microdata are standardized and become part of the database. Researchers in member countries have access to this data, after registration. LIS can process SAS, SPSS, or STATA jobs via email. Available datasets and documentation can be found at the site. The Luxembourg Employment Study, a project associated with the Luxembourg Income Study, began in 1994. Its aim is to "construct a databank containing Labour Force Surveys from the early nineties from countries with quite different labour market structures. These surveys provide detailed information on areas like job search, employment characteristics, comparable occupations, investment in education, migration, etc. The LES team has harmonised and standardised the micro data from the labour force surveys in order to facilitate comparative research." After registering, users may submit statistical program jobs to the LES in order to analyze data. The "User Information" section provides links to available electronic documentation needed to set up program statements. LES can process SAS, SPSS, or STATA jobs via email.

10. General Social Survey (GSS)--National Opinion Research Center (NORC)--University of Chicago

Extraction systems
University of Michigan--ICPSR (http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/GSS)
University of California-Berkeley (http://sda.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/hsda?harcsda+gss06)

The General Social Survey, one of the best known "almost annual omnibus personal interview surveys of US households," is conducted by the National Opinion Research Center. Users may use any of the above extraction systems to get subsets of raw data, conversions to other file specifications, and/or descriptive statistics and crosstabs. Queens College's system requires downloading and installation of the Extract extraction system, as well as the compressed files the user is interested in.

Raw Data can be purchased from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at the University of Connecticut.
http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/gss.html

It is also available in the main ICPSR archive.
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/search-basic.html
Search "General Social Survey Series", as a phrase, in title.

11. CANQUES on the Web--Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)--National Cancer Institute
(http://srab.cancer.gov/prevalence/canques.html)

NCI's Cancer Query System on the Web (CANQUES, available only to browsers that support Java 1.1) "allows the user to access over 10 million pre-calculated cancer statistics. Statistics are available from SEER Cancer Statistics Reviews, 1973-1999. Users can retrieve data related to: SEER Incidence and Mortality rates and trends. Users can pick demographics, types of cancers, and time periods. Download options are available.

12. WISQARS: Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (Centers for Disease Control)
(http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/)

This is an interactive system that provides customized injury-related mortality data useful for research and for making informed public health decisions.

13. CiteHealth:
http://citehealth.com/

Citehealth is an easy to use system to locate information about "hospitals, nursing homes, rehab centers, home care agencies and other (health care) providers." Citehealth reports include data from government and private sources, as well as reviews by member.

Questions, comments, additions, please contact:
Jack Solock
Data Librarian--Center for Demography and Ecology and Center for Demography of Health and Aging
University of Wisconsin-Madison
jsolock@ssc.wisc.edu

Data Sources for Research in Aging

Alphabetic Index of Data

I. Sources of Raw Data:

II. Extractable data from web sites or media (usually CD-ROMS)