If you want to grow an edible fig tree (Ficus carica), you need to live in plant zones 7a through 10b or have a conservatory or greenhouse. Fig trees grow best and produce the best quality fruit in Mediterranean and dryer warm-temperate climates. Fig trees, when dormant, are hardy to 12 degrees - 15 degrees F, but plants in active growth can be damaged at 30 degrees F.

More information on growing figs from the California Rare Fruit Growers Association is available here:
Fig (Ficus carica)
and another from Clemson University: Fig