Checklist of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi recorded from Michigan

Compiled by: Alan Fryday, John Fair, Moises Googe, Andrew Johnson and Elizabeth Bunting

Introduction

     A checklist is presented of all the known lichen species that occur in Michigan, compiled primarily from the collections at the Michigan State University Herbarium (MSC), with additions from the herbaria of the University of Michigan (MICH) and Minnesota (MIN).

The last complete list of the lichens recorded from Michigan was in the Lichens of the Straits Counties, Michigan (Harris, R.C. 1977; published by the author), which also provided keys to all the species. Harris only accepted records supported by herbarium specimens and was aware that many areas were under-recorded, in particular, the rich saxicolous flora of the Upper Peninsula. He recognized that his total of 610 taxa (of which c. 50 were undescribed) was too low and that 'the total for the state might be as high as 700'. In fact, even this has proved to be an under-estimate as the current list includes nearly 800 taxa. This far exceeds the c. 550 recorded from Minnesota (Wetmore unpublished) and the 662 from Wisconsin (Thomson 2003) and makes the lichen flora of Michigan the most extensive of any of the Great Lakes states.

    This current list has been compiled from three different sources:

 i) specimens held in the herbaria of Michigan State University (MSC), the University of Minnesota (MIN), and the University of Michigan (MICH)

 ii) species lists for the 3 National Parks in Michigan (Isle Royale, Pictured Rocks and Sleeping Bear Dunes) published on the internet by Drs C.M. Wetmore & J. Bennett.(http://www.ies.wisc.edu/nplichen)

 iii) recent published literature records

     This provisional checklist includes 184 genera of lichenized fungi, comprising 790 species, 6 subspecies, 2 varieties and 1 forma. Also included are 12 genera that include only non-lichenized taxa. These are either lichenicolous fungi (12 species), or non-lichenized fungi (21 species) that resemble lichenized taxa and are likely to be encountered by those studying lichens. The list is in no way definitive - many of the records included in the present list are in need of confirmation and we welcome comments and corrections. We acknowledge Award No DBI-9808735 (Alan Prather, PI) from the US National Science Foundation, and the help and assistance of Dr C.M. Wetmore, who also kindly made available to us data of all the lichen collections from Michigan held in MIN.

     Nomenclature mostly follows the last published Checklist of North American Lichens (Esslinger 1995), with synonyms given when a more recent name is used.

     Anyone wishing to identify lichens in Michigan would be well advised to consult Harris's publication mentioned above. Although it is now rather out of date, especially with regard to nomenclature, it is still by far the best and most comprehensive work available. Also worthy of mention are Julie Medlin's book Michigan Lichens (see references below), which is an excellent introduction with good color photographs but includes only a small percentage of the species present in the state, and John Thomson's Lichens of Wisconsin (see below). Also of use are Cliff Wetmore's unpublished Keys to the lichens of Minnesota. Other references to identifying N. American lichens in general can be found at http://www.huh.harvard.edu/collections/lichens/guide/index.html.

        A more detailed version of this list, containing details of voucher specimens for each taxon, has been published in Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium23: 145-223.  The current list also differs in containing details of additional taxa not included in the published list and will be updated at regular intervals.

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Michigan Lichen Checklist

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W

X

Y

Z

*Abrothallus De Not.
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold ¹

Absconditella Vezda
lignicola Vezda & Pisút

Acarosporsa A. Massal.
americana H. Magn. ¹
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr. ¹
canadensis H. Magn.
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber
immersa Fink
macrospora (Hepp) Bagl.
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.

Acrocordia A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris ¹
conoidea (Fr.) Körber ⁹
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal ¹
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris

Ahtiana Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane ¹

Allocetraria Kurokawa & Lai
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell ¹

Amandinea M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard (Sheard & May 1997) (syn. Rinodina d., R. finkii, R. inaequalis,R. pennsylvanica, R. subplumbea, R. subpyriniformis)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard (syn. Rinodina m.) ¹
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. ¹

Amygdalaria Norman
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo¹

Anaptychia Körber
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio¹
setifera Räsänen¹

Anisomeridium Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris¹
carinthiacum (Steiner) R.C. Harris
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr (syn. A. nyssaegenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris¹

Anzia Stizenb.
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.

Arctoparmelia Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale¹
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale¹

Arthonia Ach.
byssacea (Weigel) Almq.¹
caesia (Flotow) Körber¹
cytisi A. Massal. ¹⁴
didyma Körber¹
diffusa Nyl. ¹⁴
diffusella Fink¹
dispersa (Schrader) Nyl.¹
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow¹
*intexta Almq.¹
lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup ⁹
patellulata Nyl.¹
punctiformis Ach.¹
radiata (Pers.) Ach.¹
spadicea Leighton¹
vinosa Leighton
willeyi Tuck.

Arthopyrenia A. Massal.
?cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.

Arthothelium A. Massal.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber ⁹
spectabile A. Massal¹

Arthrohaphis Th. Fr.
citrinella (Ach.) Poelt

Arthrosporum A. Massal.
populorum A. Massal.¹

Aspicilia A. Massal.
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold¹
cinerea (L.) Körber¹
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp.¹
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber¹
grisea Arnold
laevata (Ach.) Arnold¹
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson
supertegens Arnold

Bacidia De Not.
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta¹
circumspecta (Norrlin & Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme¹
diffracta S. Ekman ⁵
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. subsp. laurocerasi¹
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber¹
rosella (Pers.) De Not.¹
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.¹
schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider¹
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold ⁸
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider¹
trachona (Ach.) Lettau ⁸

Bacidina Vezda
inundata (Fr.) Vezda¹

Baeomyces Pers.
rufus (Hudson) Rebent.¹

Bellemerea Hafellner & Roux
cinereofuscens (Ach.) Clauzade & Roux

Biatora Fr.
albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner¹
botryosa Fr.
[carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins]
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen¹
[epixanthoides (Müll. Arg.) Diederich]
helvola (Körber) Hellbom¹
[sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber]
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl.¹
vernalis (L.) Fr.¹

Biatoropsis Räsänen
usnearum Räsänen

Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw.
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.¹
chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw¹
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.¹
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw.¹
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.¹
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes¹
trichodes subsp. americana (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.¹

Bryophagus Nitschke ex Arnold
gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold ⁴

Buellia De Not.
arnoldii Servít & Nádv.¹
dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck¹
disciformis (Fr.) Mudd¹
lauricassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg.¹
polyspora (Willey) Vainio
schaereri De Not.¹
spuria (Schaerer) Anzi¹
stillingiana J. Steiner¹
turgescens Tuck.¹

Calicium Pers.
abietinum Pers.¹
glaucellum Ach.¹
lenticulare Ach.
parvum Tibell¹
salicinum Pers.¹
trabinellum (Ach.) Ach.¹

Caloplaca Th. Fr.
ahtii Søchting
arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg.¹
atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr.¹
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) Dombr. ⁹
chrysophthalma Degel.¹
cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr. ²¹
citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
conversa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
discolor (Willey) Fink
epithallina Lynge¹
feracissima H. Magn. ⁹
ferruginea Huds.) Th. Fr.¹
flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon¹
flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth¹
fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier ¹⁴
grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier
holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) Wade
invadens Lynge ¹⁴
microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse ⁹, ¹⁴
obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.¹
oxfordensis Fink ²¹
parvula Wetmore ¹⁸
pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta¹
saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin ²¹
sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.¹
sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet¹, ⁹
stellata Wetmore & Kärnefelt ²¹
ulmorum (Fink) Fink¹
vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier¹
xanthotigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr.

Candelaria A. Massal.
concolor (Dickson) Stein¹
fibrosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.

Candelariella A. Massal.
aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlber.¹
efflorescens R.C. Harris & W.R. Buck¹
vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.¹
xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau¹

Canomaculina Elix & Hale
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix (syn. Rimeliella s.)¹

Catillaria A. Massal.
globulosa (Flörke) Th. Fr. ⁹
lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. ⁹
nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler¹
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold

Catinaria Vainio
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vezda & Poelt¹

Cetraria Ach.
arenarea Kärnefelt¹
ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum¹
ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Räsänen) Kärnefelt¹
islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica¹
islandica subsp. crispiformis (Räsänen) Kärnefelt¹

Cetrelia Culb. & C. Culb.
cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb.¹
chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb.¹
olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb.¹

Chaenotheca Th. Fr.
brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell¹
brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.¹
chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr.¹
cinerea (Pers.) Tibell¹
ferruginea (Turner & Borrer) Mig.¹
furfuracea (L.) Tibell¹
hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr.¹
laevigata Nádv.¹
phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.¹
stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.¹
trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.¹
xyloxena Nádv.¹

Chaenothecopsis Vainio
*consociata (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt¹
† debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell¹
† pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt¹
† pusiola (Ach.) Vainio (syn. C. lignicola) ⁹
† rubescens Vainio¹
† savonica (Räsänen) Tibell¹
* viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt¹
† viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt¹

Chromatochlamys Trevisan
 muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt

Chrysothrix Mont.
candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon¹
chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon ¹⁴

Cladina Nyl.
arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb.¹
mitis (Sandst.) Hustich¹
rangiferina (L.) Nyl.¹
stellaris (Opiz) Brodo¹
stygia (Fr.) Ahti¹

Cladonia P. Browne
acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin¹
amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaerer¹
bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück¹
botrytes (K. Hagen) Willd¹
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke¹
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel¹
carneola (Fr.) Fr.
caroliniana Tuck.
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer¹
cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis¹
cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti
chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel¹
coccifera (L.) Willd.¹
coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel¹
conista A. Evans ¹⁴
cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta¹
crispata (Ach.) Flotow¹
cristatella Tuck.¹
cryptochlorophaea Asah.¹
cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl.¹
cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans
dahliana Kristinsson
decorticata (Flörke) Sprengel¹
deformis (L.) Hoffm.¹
digitata (L.) Hoffm.¹
ecmocyna Leighton ¹⁴
farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans ¹⁴
fimbriata (L.) Fr.¹
floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke¹
furcata (Hudson) Schrader¹
gracilis (L.) Willd¹
grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst¹
humilis (With.) J.R. Laudon
incrassata Flörke ⁹
macilenta Hoffm.¹
macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth.) Schaerer¹
macrophylla (Schaerer) Stenh. ⁹
maxima (Asah.) Ahti¹
merochlorophaea Asah.¹
multiformis G. Merr.¹)
ochrochlora Flörke ¹⁴
parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm.¹
peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon¹
phyllophora Hoffm.¹
piedmontensis G. Merr.
pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer¹
pocillum (Ach.) Grognot¹
polycarpoides Nyl.¹
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm¹
ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon¹
rei Schaerer¹
robbinsii A. Evans
scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl¹
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio ⁹
squamosa Hoffm.¹
strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot
subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.¹
sulphurina (Michaux) Fr.¹
symphycarpa (Flörke) Fr.¹
turgida Hoffm.¹
uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg.
wainioi Savicz¹

Clauzadea Hafellner & Bellem.
monticola (Ach. ex Schaerer) Hafellner & Bellem. ⁹

Cliostomum Fr.
griffithii (Sm.) Coppins¹

Collema F. H. Wigg.
bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. ⁹
coccophorum Tuck. ⁹
conglomeratum Hoffm.
furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz¹
fuscovirens (With.) J.R. Laundon
glebulentum (Nyl. ex Crombie) Degel.¹
limosum (Ach.) Ach.¹
nigrescens (Hudson) DC.¹
polycarpon Hoffm.¹
pulcellum Ach. var. leucopeplum (Tuck.) Degel.¹
subflaccidum Degel.¹
tenax (Sw.) Ach.¹
undulatum Laurer ex Flotow¹

Conotrema Tuck.
urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck.¹

Cresponea Egea & Torrente
chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente¹

Cyphelium Ach.
lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.¹
tigillare (Ach.) Ach.¹

Cystocoleus Thwaites
ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites

*Dactylospora Körber
*inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner ¹
†stygia (Berk. & Curt.) Hafellner

Dermatocarpon Eschw.
luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon ¹
miniatum (L.) W. Mann ¹
moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr. ¹

Dimelaena Norman
oreina (Ach.) Norman ¹

Dimerella Trevisan
lutea (Dickson) Trevisan ¹
pineti (Ach.) Vezda ¹

Diploschistes Norman
muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.
scruposus (Schreber) Norman ¹

Diplotomma Flotow
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow ¹
epipolium (Ach.) Arnold ¹
nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner ¹

Endocarpon Hedwig
pulvinatum Th. Fr. ¹
pusillum Hedwig ¹

Ephebe Fr.
lanata (L.) Vainio ¹
ocellata Hessen ¹

Evernia Ach.
mesomorpha Nyl. ¹
prunastri (L.) Ach. ¹

Farnoldia Hertel
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel ⁹

Flavocetraria Kärnefelt & Thell
cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell ¹

Flavoparmelia Hale
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale ¹⁴
caperata (L.) Hale ¹ (MSC 233)

Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale
flaventior (Stirton) Hale ¹ (MSC 37)
soredica (Nyl.) Hale ¹ (MSC 9)

Fuscopannaria P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. ¹
confusa (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg.
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. ¹
leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg.
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. ¹

Graphis Adans.
scripta (L.) Ach. ¹

Gyalecta Ach.
jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. ¹
truncigena (Ach.) Hepp ¹

Haematomma A. Massal
ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon var. porphyrium (Pers.) J. R. Laundon

Heterodermia Trevisan
hypoleuca (Muhl.) Trevisan ¹
leucomelos (L.) Poelt ¹
obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan ¹
speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan

Hymenelia Kremp.
epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni

Hyperphyscia Müll. Arg.
adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrh. & Poelt ¹

Hypocenomyce M. Choisy
friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider ¹
scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy ¹

Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl.
bitteri (Lynge) Ahti ¹
physodes (L.) Nyl. ¹
tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. ¹
vittata (Ach.) Parrique ¹⁴

Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale
revoluta (Flörke) Hale ¹

Icmadophila Trevisan
ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. ¹

*Illosporum Martius
*carneum Fr. ¹

Imshaugia F.S. Meyer
aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer ¹
placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer ¹

Ionaspis Th. Fr.
alba Lutzoni ¹³
lacustris (With.) Lutzoni ⁹
lavata H. Magn.

Julella Fabre
fallaciosa (Arnold) R.C. Harris ¹
†lactea (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris

†Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw.
†aethiops (Berk. & Curt.) D. Hawksw. (syn. Microthelia micula) ¹

Lasallia Mérat
papulosa (Ach.) Llano

Lecania A. Massal.
cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.
dubitans (Nyl.) Th. Fr. ¹
naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & v.d. Boom ¹

Lecanora (Ach.)
albella (Pers.) Ach. var. albella ¹
albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch ¹
allophana (Nyl.) ¹
argentata (Ach.) Malme ^{1 2}
caesiorubella Ach.¹
caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris
caesiorubella subsp. saximontana Imshaug & Brodo ¹
carpinea (L.) Vainio ¹
cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal. ¹
cenisia Ach. ¹
chlarotera Nyl. ²
chlorophaeodes Nyl ¹⁴,
cinereofusca H. Magn.²
circumborealis Brodo & Viitik ¹
conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie ¹⁴
crenulata Hook. ¹⁴
dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. ¹
expallens Ach.
fuscescens (Sommertf.) Nyl. ¹
garovaglii (Körber) Zahlbr. ¹
glabrata (Ach.) Malme
hagenii (Ach.) Ach.¹
hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo ¹
impudens Degel. ¹
imshaugii Brodo ²
intricata (Ach.) Ach. ¹
meridionalis H. Magn. ¹
muralis (Schreber) Rabenh ¹
opiniconensis Brodo ¹
piniperda Körber ¹
polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh. ¹
pseudistera Nyl. ⁹
pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. ¹
rugosella Zahlbr. ¹
rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. ¹
saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. ¹
sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. ¹
strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer ¹
subrugosa Nyl.
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. ¹
thysanophora R. C. Harris
varia (Hoffm.) Ach.
wisconsinensis H. Magn. ¹

Lecidea Ach.
albofuscescens Nyl. ¹
atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaerer ¹
carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink ¹
cyrtidia Tuck. ¹
erythrophaea Vainio ¹
fuscoatra (L.) Ach. ¹
lapicida (Ach.) Ach.¹
lapicida var. pantherina Ach. (syn. Lecidea lapicida) ¹
lithophila (Ach.) Ach. ¹
lurida (Ach.) DC. ¹
nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. ¹
plana (J. Lahm) Nyl. ¹
plebeja Nyl. ¹
tessellata Flörke ¹

Lecidella Körber
asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel ¹⁰
carpathica Körber ¹
elaeochroma (Ach.) Hazsl. ¹
euphorea (Flörke) Hertel ¹
patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert ¹⁰
stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert ¹

Lepraria Ach.
caesioalba (de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon
eburnea Laundon
incana (L.) Ach. ¹⁴
lobificans Nyl. ¹
neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen ¹

Leproloma Nyl. ex Crombie
membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio ¹
vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon ¹⁴

Leptogium (Ach.) Gray
arsenei Sierk ¹
burnetiae C.W. Dodge ¹
corticola (Taylor) Tuck. ¹
cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber ¹
gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon ¹
lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. ¹
milligranum Sierk.
plicatile (Ach.) Leighton ¹
pseudofurfuraceum P. M. Jørg. (syn. L. furfuraceum) ¹
saturninum (Dickson) Nyl. ¹
tenuissimum (Dickson) Körber ¹

Leptorhaphis Körber
atomaria (Ach.) Szat. ¹
†contorta Degel. ¹
†epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr ¹
†parmeca (A. Massal.) Körber ¹

Lichinella Nyl.
nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea ¹

Lithothelium Müll. Arg.
hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot ¹
macrosporum (R.C. Harris) Aptroot ⁹
phaeosporum (R.C. Harris) Aptroot ⁹
septemseptatum (R.C. Harris) Aptroot ⁹

Lobaria (Schreber) Hoffm.
pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. ¹
quercizans Michaux ¹
scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. ¹

Lobothallia (Clauzade & Roux) Hafellner
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner ¹

Lopadium Körber
disciforme (Flotow) Kullhem ¹

Loxospora A. Massal.
cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner
elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. ¹
ochrophaea (Tuck.) R.C. Harris
pustulata (Brodo & Culb.) R. C. Harris ¹

Massalongia Körber
carnosa (Dickson) Körber

Megalaria Hafellner
laureri (Th. Fr.) Hafellner (syn. Catinaria l.) ¹

Megalospora Meyen
porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris ⁹

Megaspora (Clauz. & Roux) Hafellner & V. Wirth
verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth

Melanelia Essl.
albertana (Ahti) Essl. ⁹
disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. ¹
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. ) ⁹
exasperata (De Not.) Essl. ¹
exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl ¹
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. ¹
hepatizon (Ach.) Thell ¹
infumata (Nyl.) Essl. ¹
olivacea (L.) Essl. ¹
panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. ¹
septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. ¹
sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti ¹
subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. ¹
subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. ¹
subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl. ¹
tominii (Oksner) Essl. ¹
trabeculata (Ahti) Essl. ¹

Melaspilea Nyl.
arthonioides (Fée) Nyl. ¹
deformis (Schaerer) Nyl.

Menegazzia A. Massal.
terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. ¹

Micarea Fr.
bauschiana (Körber) V. Wirth & Vezda ⁹
denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. ¹
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) R. C. Harris ⁹
erratica (Körber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann ¹
lignaria (Ach. )Hedl. ¹
melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. ¹
melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins ⁹
misella (Nyl.) Hedl. ⁹
peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. ¹
prasina Fr. ¹

Microcalicium Vainio
†ahlneri Tibell
†disseminatum (Ach.) Vainio ¹

Mycobilimbia Rehm.
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth ¹
[Biatora epixanthoides (Müll. Arg.) Diederich]¹
[Biatora carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins]¹
hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner ¹
[Biatora sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber] ¹⁴
tetramera (De Not.) W. Brunnbauer ¹

Mycoblastus Norman
affinis (Schaerer) Schauer ¹
sanguinarius (L.) Norman ¹

Mycocalicium Vainio
albonigrum (Nyl.) Fink ¹
†subtile (Pers.) Szat. ¹

†Mycoglaena Höhnel
†myricae (Nyl.) R.C. Harris ¹

Mycoporum Flotow ex Nyl.
compositum (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris

Myelochroa (Asah.) Elix & Hale
aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale ¹
galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale ¹
obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale ⁹

†Naetrocymbe Körber
†fraxini (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris (syn. Arthopyrenia f.) ⁸
†punctiformis (Ach.) R.C. Harris (syn. Arthopyrenia p.) ¹

Nephroma Ach.
bellum (Sprengel) Tuck
helveticum Ach. ¹
parile (Ach.) Ach. ¹
resupinatum (L.) Ach.

*Nesolechia A. Massal.
*oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal. ¹

Normandina Nyl.
pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. ¹

Ochrolechia A. Massal.
androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold ¹
arborea (Kreyer) Almb. ¹
mexicana Vainio
pseudopallescens Brodo
trochophora (Vainio) Oshio¹
trochophora var. pruinirosella Brodo

Opegrapha Ach.
niveoatra (Borrer) J. R. Laundon ¹
prosodea Ach. ¹ (MSC 1)
varia Pers. ¹ (MSC 7)
viridis (Pers. ex Ach.) Behlen & Desberger ¹

Pachyphiale Lönnr.
fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh ¹

Pannaria Delise
conoplea (Ach.) Bory ¹
pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan ¹
rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory ¹

Parmelia Ach.
fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. ¹
omphalodes (L.) Ach. ¹
saxatilis (L.) Ach. ¹
squarrosa Hale ¹
sulcata Taylor ¹

Parmeliella Müll. Arg.
triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. ¹

Parmelina Hale
quercina (Willd.) Hale ¹

Parmeliopsis Nyl.
ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. ¹
capitata R. C. Harris ⁹
hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold

Parmotrema A. Massal.
arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale ¹
chinense (Osbeck) Hale ¹
crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy ¹
hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale ⁹
margaritatum (Hue) Hale
perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal.
stuppeum (Taylor) Hale
tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale

Peltigera Willd.
aphthosa (L.) Willd. ¹
canina (L.) Willd. ¹
collina (Ach.) Schrader ¹
degenii Gyelnik
didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon ¹
elisabethae Gyelnik ¹
evansiana Gyelnik ¹
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. ¹
lepidophora (Vainio) Bitter ¹
leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik ¹
malacea (Ach.) Funck ¹
membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. ¹
neckeri Hepp ex Müll. Arg. ¹
Peltigera neopolydactylon (Gyelnik) Gyelnik
polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm. ¹
ponojensis Gyelnik
praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf ¹
rufescens (Weiss) Humb. ¹
scabrosa Th. Fr. ⁹
venosa (L.) Hoffm. ¹

Pertusaria DC.
alpina Hepp ex Ahles ¹
amara (Ach.) Nyl. ¹
consocians Dibben (inc P. cupressi Dibben in sched.) ¹
dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. ¹
leioplaca DC. ¹
macounii (Lamb) Dibben ¹
multipunctoides Dibben ¹
neoscotica Lamb ¹
oculata (Dickson) Th. Fr. ¹
ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. ¹
propinqua Müll Arg.
pustulata (Ach.) Duby ¹
rubefacta Erichsen ¹
sommerfeltii (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Fr. ¹
trachythallina Erichsen ¹
velata (Turner) Nyl. ¹
waghornei Hulting ¹

†Phaeocalicium A. F. W. Schmidt
†compressulum (Nyl. ex Szat.) A. F. W. Schmidt ¹
†curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell ¹
†polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell ¹
†populneum (Brond. ex Duby) A. F. W. Schmidt ¹

Phaeographis Müll Arg.
dendritica (Ach.) Müll Arg.
sericea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.

Phaeophyscia Moberg
adiastola (Essl.) Essl. ¹
cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl ¹
ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg ¹
constipata (Norrlin & Nyl.) Moberg ¹
decolor (Kashiw.) Essl.
endococcina (Körber) Moberg ¹
endococcinodes (Tuck.) Essl. ¹
erythrocardia (Tuck.) Essl.
hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. ¹
hirtella Essl. ¹
hispidula (Ach.) Essl. ¹
orbicularis (Necker) Moberg ¹
pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. ¹
rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. ¹
sciastra (Ach.) Moberg ¹
squarrosa Kashiwandani (syn. P. imbricata sensu Essl.) ¹

Phlyctis Wallr.
argena (Sprengel) Flotow ¹

Physcia (Schreber) Michaux
adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier ¹
aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. ¹
americana G. Merr. ¹
caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. ¹
dubia (Hoffm.) Lattau ¹
millegrana Degel. ¹
phaea (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson ¹
stellaris (L.) Nyl. ¹
subtilis Degel. ¹
tenella (Scop.) DC. ¹
wainioi Räsänen

Physciella Essl.
chloantha (Ach.) Essl. ¹

Physconia Poelt
detersa (Nyl.) Poelt ¹
leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl. ¹⁴
muscigena (Ach.) Poelt ¹
perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg

Placidium A. Massal.
lachneum (Ach.) Breuss (syn. Catapyrenium l.)
michelii (A. Massal.) Breuss (syn. Catapyrenium m.) ¹

Placynthiella Elenkin
dasaea (Stirton) Tønsberg
icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James ¹
oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James ¹
uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James ¹

Placynthium (Ach.) Gray
asperellum (Ach.) Trevisan
nigrum (Hudson) Gray ¹

Platismatia Culb. & C. Culb.
glauca (L.) Culb. & C. Culb. ¹
tuckermanii (Oakes) Culb. & C. Culb. ¹

Polyblastia A. Massal.
cupularis A. Massal. ¹
theleodes (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. ¹

Polychidium (Ach.) Gray
muscicolum (Sw.) Gray

Polysporina Vezda
simplex (Davies) Vezda ⁹

Porpidia Körber
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph ¹
calcarea Gowan ^{1, 7}
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph ¹
diversa Gowan ^{1, 7}
herteliana Gowan ^1,7
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Knoph ¹
speirea (Ach.) Kremp.
superba (Körber) Hertel & Knoph
thomsonii Gowan ⁷

Protoblastenia Zahlbr.) J. Steiner
rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner ¹
siebenhaariana (Körber) J. Steiner

Protoparmelia M. Choisy
badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner ¹

Pseudevernia Zopf
consocians (Vainio) Hale & Culb. ¹

Pseudocyphellaria Vainio
crocata (L.) Vainio ¹

Pseudoparmelia Lynge
cubensis (Nyl.) Elix & Nash (syn. Pseudparmelia leucospora)

Psilolechia A. Massal.
lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy ¹

Psora Hoffm.
decipiens (Hedwig) Hoffm.
globifera (Ach.) A. Massal. ¹

Psorula Gotth. Schneider
rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider ¹

Punctelia Krog
bolliana (Müll. Arg.) Krog ¹
borreri (Sm.) Krog ¹
hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog ¹
rudecta (Ach.) Krog ¹
stictica (Duby) Krog ¹
subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog

Pyrenocollema Reinke
tichothecioides (Arnold) R.C. Harris ⁹

Pyrenopsis (Nyl.) Nyl.
phaeococca Tuck.

Pyrenula A. Massal.
laevigata (Pers.) Arnold ¹
pseudobufonia (Rehm.) D.C. Harris ¹

Pyrrhospora Körber
elabens (Fr.) Hafellner ¹
varians (Ach.) R.C. Harris ¹

Pyxine Körber Fr.
sorediata (Ach.) Mont. ¹

Ramalina Ach
americana Hale ¹
calicaris (L.) Fr. ¹
culbersonianum LaGreca ¹¹
dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. ¹
farinacea (L.) Ach. ¹
fraxinea (L.) Ach. ¹
geniculata Hook. f. & Taylor ¹
intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. ¹
obtusata (Arnold) Bitter ¹
pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. ¹
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Hue ¹
sinensis Jatta ¹
thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. ¹

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC.
badioatrum (Flörke ex Sprengel) Th. Fr. ¹
cinereonigrum Vainio
cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Vainio ¹
disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. ¹
distinctum Th. Fr. ¹
eupetraeum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. ¹
geminatum Körber
geographicum (L.) DC. ¹
grande (Flörke ex Flotow) Arnold ¹
hochstetteri (Körber) Vainio ¹
lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl.
lecanorinum Anders ¹
lindsayanum Räsänen (possibly a subsp of R. geographicum)
macrosporum Lynge ¹
petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal.
polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr. ¹
reductum Th. Fr. (syn. R. obscuratum) ¹
submodestum (Vainio) Vainio
umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey

Rhizoplaca Zopf
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf ¹
melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt ¹
subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant.

Rimelia Hale & Fletcher
cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher ¹
reticulata (Taylor) M. Choisy

Rimularia Nyl.
caeca (Lowe) Rambold & Printzen ¹
insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel ¹

Rinodina (Ach.) Gray
adirondackii H. Magn.
archaea (Ach.) Arnold ⁹
ascociscana Tuck. ¹
colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr. ¹
confragosa (Ach.) Körber ¹
degeliana Coppins
efflorescens Malme
excrescens Vainio
exigua (Ach.) Gray ¹
degeliana Coppins
efflorescens Malme
halei H. Magn ⁹
metaboliza Vainio ¹
milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.
oxydata (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
papillata H. Magn.
polyspora Th. Fr.
populicola H. Magn. ¹
pyrina (Ach.) Arnold
subminuta H. Magn. ¹
tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre ¹
turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körber ¹

Ropalospora A. Massal.
chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman ⁶

Sarcogyne Flotow
regularis Körber ¹

†Sarea Fr.
†difformis (Fr.) Fr.
†resinae (Fr.) Kuntze

Schismatomma Flotow & Körber ex A. Massal.
decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauz. & Vezda
pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup) ⁹

Sclerophora Chevall.
nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell ⁹

Scoliciosporum A. Massal.
chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vezda ¹
umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold ¹

Solorina Ach.
saccata (L.) Ach. ¹
spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi ¹

*Sphinctrina Fr.
*anglica Nyl. ¹
*leucopoda Nyl. (MSC 2)
*turbinata (Pers.) De Not. ¹

Spilonema Bornet
revertens Nyl. ¹

Staurothele Norman
areolata (Ach.) Lettau ¹⁴
clopimoides (Arnold) J. Stein.
drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck. ¹
fissa (Taylor) Zwackh ¹
monicae (Zahlbr.) Wetmore

Steinia Körber
geophana (Nyl.) Stein

†Stenocybe (Nyl.) Körber
†major (Nyl.) Körber ¹
†pullatula (Ach.) Stein ¹

Stereocaulon Hoffm.
condensatum Hoffm. ¹⁴
dactylophyllum Flörke ¹
glaucescens Tuck.
paschale (L.) Hoffm. ¹
pileatum Ach. ¹
saxatile H. Magn. ¹
subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl.
tomentosum Fr. ¹

Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach. ¹
beauvoisii Delise ^{9, 15}

Strangospora Körber
microhaema (Norman) R. Anderson ⁹
ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson ⁹

Strigula Fr.
stigmatella (Ach.) R.C. Harris ¹
submuriformis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris ⁹

Teloschistes Norman
chrysophthalmus (L.) Fr.
flavicans (Sm.) Norm. ⁹

Tephromela M. Choisy
atra (Hudson) Hafellner ¹

Thelidium A. Massal.
minutulum Körber
olivaceum (Fr.) Körber ⁹
papulare (Fr.) Arnold

Thelocarpon Nyl. ex Hue
epibolum Nyl. ¹
†impressellum Nyl.
laureri (Flotow) Nyl. ¹

Thelopsis Nyl.
melathelia Nyl. ¹

Thelotrema Ach.
lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. ¹⁴

Thermutis Fr.
velutina (Ach.) Flotow ¹

Thrombium Wallr.
epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr. ¹

Toninia A. Massal.
ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre ¹
sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal ¹
squalida (Ach.) A. Massal. ¹
superioris Timdal ¹⁷

Trapelia M. Choisy
coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy
involuta (Taylor) Hertel ¹
placodioides Coppins & P. James ¹)

Trapeliopsis Hertel & Gotth. Schneider
flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James ¹
gelatinosa (Flörke) Coppins & P. James ¹
granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch ¹
viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James ¹

Trichithelium Müll. Arg.
aeneum (Wallr.) R. C. Harris ⁹

Trypethelium Sprengel
virens Tuck. ex Michner

Tuckermannopsis Gyelnik
americana (Sprengel) Hale ¹
ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik ¹
fendleri (Nyl.) Hale ¹
orbata (Nyl.) M.J. Lai ¹
sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale ¹

Umbilicaria Hoffm.
americana Poelt & T. Nash ¹⁴
deusta (L.) Baumg. ¹
hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. ¹
mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. ¹
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. ¹
phaea Tuck. ¹
polyphylla (L.) Baumg. ¹
torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader ¹
vellea (L.) Hoffm. ¹
virginis Schaerer ¹⁴

Usnea Dill. ex Adans.
angulata Ach. ⁹
cavernosa Tuck. ¹
ceratina Ach. ¹
cornuta Körber
diplotypus Vainio
filipendula Stirton (syn. U dasypoga for N. America) ¹)
fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen
glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio
hirta (L.) F.H. Wigg. ¹
lapponica Vainio ¹
longissima Ach. ¹
mutabilis Stirton ⁹
rubicunda Stirton
subfloridana Stirton ¹
subfusca Stirton
subscrabosa Mot.
substerilis Mot.
wasmuthii Räsänen

Verrucaria Schrader
aethiobola Wahlenb. ¹
elaeomelaena (A. Massal.) Arnold ⁹
funckii (Sprengel) Zahlbr. ¹
glaucovirens Grummann ¹
macrostoma forma furfuracea B. de Lesd.
margacea (Wahlenb) Wahlenb. ¹
muralis Ach. ¹
nigrescens Pers. ¹
rheitrophila Zschacke
viridula (Schrader) Ach. ¹

Vulpicida J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai
pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai ¹

Xanthoparmelia (Vainio) Hale
angustiphylla (Gyelnik) Hale
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale ¹
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale ¹
hypomelaena (Hale) Hale ⁹
lineola (E. C. Berry) Hale ¹⁴
mexicana (Gyelnik) Hale ¹
plittii (Gyelnik) Hale
somloënsis (Gyelnik) Hale ¹⁴
tasmanica (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hale ¹

Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr.
candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. ¹
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. ¹
fallax (Hepp) Arnold ¹
fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig ¹²
hasseana Räsänen ¹²
polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber ¹
sorediata (Vainio) Poelt ¹
ulophyllodes Räsänen ¹²

Xylographa (Fr.) Fr.
disseminata Willey ¹
parellela (Ach. & Fr.) Behlen & Desberger ¹
vitiligo (Ach.) J.R. Laundon ¹
 

KEY
* lichenicolous fungi
† non-lichenized fungi

Notes
Added to list
Arthonia vinosa Leighton - the specimen in MICH provisionally determined as A. helvola is better placed here as the ascospores are mostly (1-)2 septate with only a few 3-septate.
Arthopyrenia ?cinereopruinosa (Schaerer)A. Massal.  - a specimen in MICH from Isle Royale NP (Keweenaw Co.) described as ‘like A. lapponica, but smaller in all respects’ by Harris is probably this species.
Aspicilia grisea Arnold - a specimen in MICH collected from Isle Royale NP (Keweenaw Co.) is referable to this taxon.  This is the first record from N. America.
Caloplaca ahtii Søchting - several specimens in MSC were referred to this taxon by Dr. Søchting.
Caloplaca xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr. - several specimens in MSC have been referred to this taxon by Dr Wetmore.
Fuscopannaria confusa (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. - The Bryologist 103(4): 670-704.
Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris - The Bryologist 103(4): 790-793.
Sclerophora nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell - inadvertently omitted from the published list.  The species is reported by Harris (1997).
Verrucaria macrostoma Dufour ex DC. f. furfuracea B. de Lesd. - a specimen in MSC from Baker Woodlot on the MSU campus, previously identified as Endocarpon pusillum, is refered here.  It is the sorediate morph of V. macrostoma and apparently new to N. America.

Removed from List
Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd – most Michigan records appear to be referable to A. contorta (C. Wetmore pers. comm.).
Usnea glabrata (Ach.) Vainio - Michigan specimens previously referred to U. sorediifera are U. lapponica.

Other Changes
Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr. (syn. R.obscuratum) - Fryday (2000) showed that the name R. obscuratum had been mis-applied and that the species usually known by that name was better called R. reductum.

Appendix - Excluded Taxa

Collections of the following taxa have been recorded from Michigan but have not been included in the current Checklist.

Mis-identifications for N. America
Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körber (for North America = A . setifera) MSC (38)
Arthopyrenia rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. MICH (1)
Bacidia incompta (Borrer ex Hook.) Anzi, National Park
Bacidia sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau (syn. Mycobilimbia s.) National Park,  MSC (41)
Eopyrenula leucoplaca (Wallr.) R.C. Harris, National Park
Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. (L. frustulosa for N. America) National Park, MSC (16)
Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal.MICH (1)
Pertusaria pertusa (for North America = P. consocians), reported in Medlin 1996
Physconia distorta (With.) J.R. Laundon, National Park, MSC (3)
Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt, MSC (1)
Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach., MICH (1)
Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. (probably = R. americana) MSC (38)
Sticta wiegelii (Ach.) Vainio, MICH (1)
Usnea plicata (L.) Weber, MICH (1)
Rhizocarpon plicatile (Leighton) A.L. Smith (possibly R. rubescens), National Park
Xanthoparmelia hypopsila (Müll. Arg.) Hale (most specimens are X. angustiphylla), National Park, MSC (4)
Xanthoparmelia taractica (Kremp.) Hale (eastern N. A. specimens are mostly X. somloënsis), National Park, MSC (26)

Uncertain Identification
Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., MSC (2)
Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw., National Park, MSC (30)
Calicium italicum nomen confusum MSC (1)
Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culb., MSC (1)
Dermatocarpon reticulatum H. Magn., National Park, MSC (2)
Lasallia pustulata (L.) Mérat, MSC (3)

Dubious Locality
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa - One specimen in MSC from 'Chatham MI' (UP) is probably mislabelled (I.M. Brodo)

Taxa not on N. American Checklist (Esslinger 1998)
Arthonia helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. MICH (1)
Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr., annotated by U. Søchting (June 1999) MSC (41)
Cladonia cristatella forma ramosa Tuck., reported in Manierre 1999
Cladonia cristatella forma squamosissima Robb., reported in Manierre 1999
Heterodermia boreale Imsh. in ed., MSC (33)
Heterodermia spathulata Imsh. H. galactophylla sensu Kurokawa, MSC (14)
Ramalina cainii H. Magn., annotated by Magnusson MSC (2)
Ramalina confusa H. Magn., annotated by Magnusson MSC (6)
Ramalina michiganensis H. Magn., annotated by Magnusson MSC (2)
Rinodina magnussonii Sheard, MICH (6)
Rinodina verrucosa Sheard in ed., MSC (1)

References
¹ Wetmore, C.M. 1997. The Midwest National Parks Project (MNPP), Checklists of lichens. http://www.ies.wisc.edu/scripts/brd/lichpal.idc
² Brodo, I.M. 1984. The North American species of the Lecanora subfusca group. Beiheft Nova Hedwigia79: 63-185.
³ Esslinger, T. L. & Egan, R. S. 1995. A sixth checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist 94 (4): 467-549.
⁴ Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Update 15 May 2000), Fargo, North Dakota.
⁵ Ekman, S. 1993. A taxonomic study of Ropalospora chlorantha, and a comparison between Ropalospora and Fuscidea. The Bryologist 96: 582-591.
⁶ Ekman, S. 1996. The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America. Opera Botanica 127:1-148.
⁷ Gowan, S.P 1989. The lichen genus Porpidia (Porpidiaceae) in North America. The Bryologist 92: 25-59.
⁸ Harris, R.C. 1973. The corticolous pyrenolichens of the Great Lakes region. The Michigan Botanist 12 (1): 3-68.
⁹ Harris, R.C. 1977 Lichens of the Straits Counties, Michigan. Published by the author.
¹⁰ Knoph, J.G. & Leuckert, C. 1994. Chemotaxonomic studies in the saxicolous species of the lichen genus Lecidella (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae) in America. Nova Hedwigia 59 (3-4): 455-508.
¹¹ LaGreca, S. 1999. A phylogenetic evaluation of the Ramalina americana chemotype complex Lichenized-fungi, (Ascomycotina, Ramalinaceae) based on rDNA ITS sequence data. Bryologist102: 602-618.
¹² Lindblom, L. 1997. The genus Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in North America. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 83: 75-172.
¹³ Lutzoni, F. 1994. Ionaspis alba (Ascomycotina, Hymeneliaceae), a new lichen species from eastern North America. The Bryologist 97: 393-295.
¹⁴ Manierre, W.R. 1999. Bryophytes and lichens of the Huron Mountain Club. Evansia 16 (4): 153-166.
¹⁵ Medlin, J.J. 1996. Michigan Lichens. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 60. Bloomfield Hills: Cranbrook Institute of Science.
¹⁶ Thomson, J.W. (2003) Lichens of Wisconsin. Madison: Wisconsin State Herbarium.
¹⁷ Timdal, E 1992: A monograph of the genus Toninia (Lecideaceae, Ascomycetes). Opera Botanica110: 1-137.
¹⁸ Wetmore, C.M. 1994. The lichen genus Caloplaca in North and Central America with brown or black apothecia. Mycologica 86 (6): 813-838.
¹⁹ Wetmore, C.M. 1996. The Caloplaca sideritis group in North and Central America. The Bryologist 99: 292-314.
²⁰ Wetmore, C.M. unpublished. Keys to the lichens of Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota: University of Minnesota.
²¹ Wetmore, C.M. & E. I. Kärnefelt. 1998. The lobate and subfruticose species of Caloplaca in North and Central America. The Bryologist 101: 230-255.

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