CARACEO1 (3-05) Operators by Race Special Reports Part 1 AC-02-SR-1 Revised April 2005 U.S. Department of Agriculture Mike Johanns, Secretary Dr. Joseph J. Jen, Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE R. Ronald Bosecker, Administrator Update Alert: The following data have been changed on page 2. Rhode Island has no Black or African American Operators. It no longer appears in the table. South Carolina had 1,929 Black or African American operators in 2002, 1,949 in 1997, and 1,412 in 1997 (not adjusted for coverage). South Dakota has been added to the table. It had 9 Black or African American operators in 2002, 8 in 1997, and 7 in 1997 (not adjusted for coverage). Contents Page Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV TABLES Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 American Indian or Alaska Native. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 More than One Race Reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Other Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Operators Reporting More than One Race, by U.S. and State, 2002 . . . . . 8 APPENDIX OMB Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Introduction PURPOSE AND SCOPE This is the first in a series of special reports based on data from the 2002 Census of Agriculture. This report serves two major purposes. It pulls together the relevant U.S. and State level 1997 and 2002 principal operator counts formerly found in separate publications. The report also provides, for the first time, information on the race combinations most commonly reported in the 2002 collection by those operators who indicated they were of multiple races. The report reproduces the coverage adjusted numbers of principal operators by race for 1997, first published in the February 3, 2004 preliminary release of the 2002 Census of Agriculture. It also includes the final 2002 numbers for principal operators by race, published in the June 3, 2004 final release of the 2002 Census of Agriculture. For comparison purposes, the numbers of principal operators by race that were originally published in the 1997 Census of Agriculture are also included. Spanish, Hispanic or Latino origin is considered an ethnicity and not a race. Data on the numbers of operators of Spanish, Hispanic or Latino origin are not shown in this report. Those data are shown in Volume 1, Table 49, 2002 Census of Agriculture. BACKGROUND Censuses of agriculture before 2002 collected information only for the principal operator of each farming operation. For the first time, the 2002 Census of Agriculture collected the total number of operators for each operation. Up to three of the operators could report their race and other demographic information. The numbers of minority farm operators in the 2002 Census of Agriculture and the coverage adjusted 1997 numbers are much higher than the original 1997 Census published numbers. The increases are due to the fact that minority operated farms have historically been missing from the census mail list at higher percentages than other farms in general. This was often because their farms are small, both in terms of acres and value of agricultural products sold, and do not appear on lists of farmers used for creating the census mail list (refer to Appendix C, Table G of the 1992 and 1997 Census of Agriculture, not attached). With the new coverage adjustment methodology used in the 2002 Census of Agriculture (refer to Appendix C of the 2002 Census of Agriculture, not attached), the numbers of minority farm operators shown now reflect the actual total numbers. Data on American Indian or Alaska Native operators in this report includes only those identified on individual reports. The data do not include the number of operators who were counted on a supplemental report form from American Indian reservations. Data for all American Indian or Alaska Native operators appears in Volume 1, Appendix B, 2002 Census of Agriculture. RACE CATEGORY CHANGES Changes were also made to the report form between the 1997 and 2002 censuses that might affect historical comparability. Relevant sections of the report form are reproduced in Figures 1 and 2. In the 2002 Census, operators were given the opportunity to mark more than one race category. Without detailed re-interview studies, it is uncertain what race those respondents would have chosen if limited to one category. Since respondents in 2002 were given the opportunity to list and provide demographic information on up to three operators per farm, it is not clear whether some respondents listed as the principal (and only operator) in 1997 might have been listed in operator columns two or three on the 2002 Census form. The 2002 Census also dis-aggregated the former Asian or Pacific Islander race group. That single category became two categories: Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. There are two other changes in the 2002 Census that might affect comparability. The Office of Management and Budget mandated asking ethnicity before race. In addition, the racial category "Other," which was listed in 1997, was eliminated from the racial category choices. HIGHLIGHTS Overall, very few operators in the 2002 Census of Agriculture reported more than one race (0.4% of all United States operators). The most commonly reported combination of races was White and American Indian or Alaska Native. In fact, this was the most reported combination in every state but Hawaii and Delaware. (Only 6 operators reported more than one race in Delaware.) The next most commonly reported combination was White and Black or African American. White and Asian was the third most commonly reported combination. Many of these operators were in Hawaii and California. Hawaii differs from other states in both percentage of operators reporting more than one race and the most frequently reported race combinations. In Hawaii, 12.5% of all operators reported more than one race. The most common combinations were White and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and Asian; and White, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, and Asian. Since the OMB guidelines include reporting combinations that represent more than one percent of the population in a jurisdiction, additional combinations of races are shown in this report because the Hawaii counts of operators exceed one percent. This report includes two types of tables: Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997; and Operators Reporting More than One Race: 2002. Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 White -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 : adjusted for State : : : Coverage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 2,067,379 2,154,284 1,864,201 : Alabama : 42,176 47,298 39,658 Alaska : 572 512 512 Arizona : 6,855 7,893 5,617 Arkansas : 45,555 48,419 44,208 California : 74,044 80,418 67,566 Colorado : 30,873 29,513 27,640 Connecticut : 4,165 4,879 3,672 Delaware : 2,333 2,626 2,419 Florida : 42,063 44,257 33,481 Georgia : 46,966 47,652 39,005 Hawaii : 2,148 2,143 2,143 Idaho : 24,705 25,184 21,962 Illinois : 72,808 78,854 72,836 Indiana : 60,048 66,486 57,744 Iowa : 90,472 96,545 90,669 Kansas : 63,926 65,094 61,241 Kentucky : 85,489 90,394 81,567 Louisiana : 25,332 28,681 22,657 Maine : 7,150 7,381 5,790 Maryland : 11,837 12,981 11,837 Massachusetts : 5,997 7,259 5,538 Michigan : 52,795 53,134 45,708 Minnesota : 80,595 78,536 73,171 Mississippi : 36,862 38,103 29,094 Missouri : 105,702 110,303 98,313 Montana : 26,837 26,745 23,608 Nebraska : 49,223 54,332 51,265 Nevada : 2,865 3,021 2,672 New Hampshire : 3,317 3,922 2,931 New Jersey : 9,743 9,890 8,963 New Mexico : 14,614 15,623 11,962 New York : 36,937 38,042 31,581 North Carolina : 51,524 56,079 47,295 North Dakota : 30,388 32,131 30,305 Ohio : 77,213 78,347 68,272 Oklahoma : 76,603 79,116 69,827 Oregon : 38,973 39,293 33,511 Pennsylvania : 57,846 60,032 45,331 Rhode Island : 856 990 732 South Carolina : 22,441 23,764 18,701 South Dakota : 30,997 32,643 30,771 Tennessee : 86,008 90,061 75,735 Texas : 220,440 216,453 186,439 Utah : 15,119 15,681 14,067 Vermont : 6,521 7,032 5,801 Virginia : 45,706 47,764 39,854 Washington : 34,960 38,789 28,290 West Virginia : 20,705 21,441 17,702 Wisconsin : 76,846 79,221 65,418 Wyoming : 9,229 9,327 9,120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 Black or African American -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 : adjusted for State : : : Coverage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 29,090 26,785 18,451 : Alabama : 2,350 2,251 1,467 Alaska : 1 1 1 Arizona : 41 23 14 Arkansas : 982 780 679 California : 278 396 277 Colorado : 47 39 32 Connecticut : 5 7 3 Delaware : 22 9 8 Florida : 1,068 807 643 Georgia : 1,988 1,487 1,175 Hawaii : 12 8 8 Idaho : 8 22 16 Illinois : 59 123 100 Indiana : 55 61 50 Iowa : 31 40 35 Kansas : 116 122 110 Kentucky : 687 593 523 Louisiana : 1,856 1,580 1,045 Maryland : 239 219 201 Massachusetts : 23 22 15 Michigan : 184 133 110 Minnesota : 16 36 29 Mississippi : 5,145 3,925 2,145 Missouri : 205 219 155 Montana : 5 8 6 Nebraska : 9 73 65 Nevada : 7 3 2 New Hampshire : 2 - - New Jersey : 66 46 41 New Mexico : 56 27 19 New York : 70 62 50 North Carolina : 1,686 2,212 1,515 Ohio : 168 165 135 Oklahoma : 840 889 722 Oregon : 28 32 21 Pennsylvania : 62 46 32 South Carolina : 1,929 1,949 1,412 South Dakota : 9 8 7 Tennessee : 1,054 1,201 893 Texas : 5,979 5,561 3,462 Utah : 4 4 3 Vermont : 2 7 6 Virginia : 1,583 1,456 1,127 Washington : 43 58 34 West Virginia : 37 31 26 Wisconsin : 27 31 21 Wyoming : 6 3 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 American Indian or Alaska Native -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 : adjusted for State : : : Coverage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 15,494 12,911 10,638 : Alabama : 349 288 229 Alaska : 32 19 19 Arizona : 291 321 264 Arkansas : 424 213 186 California : 977 676 524 Colorado : 256 156 136 Connecticut : 5 13 8 Delaware : 9 10 10 Florida : 317 168 135 Georgia : 180 102 73 Hawaii : 30 18 18 Idaho : 160 139 122 Illinois : 61 65 56 Indiana : 93 105 77 Iowa : 61 66 50 Kansas : 203 174 158 Kentucky : 168 143 123 Louisiana : 106 103 75 Maine : 17 13 10 Maryland : 56 26 20 Massachusetts : 19 8 5 Michigan : 146 120 98 Minnesota : 111 123 109 Mississippi : 78 74 46 Missouri : 450 354 297 Montana : 924 836 632 Nebraska : 83 70 64 Nevada : 85 123 112 New Hampshire : 17 2 2 New Jersey : 23 20 18 New Mexico : 403 448 412 New York : 85 49 39 North Carolina : 455 707 513 North Dakota : 205 208 192 Ohio : 192 145 116 Oklahoma : 4,546 3,982 3,630 Oregon : 410 247 184 Pennsylvania : 70 65 41 South Carolina : 83 54 45 South Dakota : 639 530 496 Tennessee : 236 185 127 Texas : 1,501 952 657 Utah : 91 43 41 Vermont : 18 9 8 Virginia : 112 61 47 Washington : 426 377 197 West Virginia : 43 40 31 Wisconsin : 102 153 82 Wyoming : 146 108 104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 1/ : adjusted for State : : : Coverage 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 983 (NA) (NA) : Alabama : 5 (NA) (NA) Arizona : 2 (NA) (NA) Arkansas : 4 (NA) (NA) California : 218 (NA) (NA) Colorado : 6 (NA) (NA) Connecticut : 1 (NA) (NA) Florida : 15 (NA) (NA) Georgia : 13 (NA) (NA) Hawaii : 424 (NA) (NA) Idaho : 7 (NA) (NA) Illinois : 6 (NA) (NA) Indiana : 5 (NA) (NA) Iowa : 2 (NA) (NA) Kansas : 2 (NA) (NA) Kentucky : 11 (NA) (NA) Louisiana : 4 (NA) (NA) Maine : 1 (NA) (NA) Massachusetts : 1 (NA) (NA) Michigan : 13 (NA) (NA) Minnesota : 2 (NA) (NA) Mississippi : 3 (NA) (NA) Missouri : 15 (NA) (NA) Montana : 7 (NA) (NA) Nebraska : 3 (NA) (NA) Nevada : 4 (NA) (NA) New Jersey : 2 (NA) (NA) New Mexico : 3 (NA) (NA) New York : 2 (NA) (NA) North Carolina : 1 (NA) (NA) Ohio : 8 (NA) (NA) Oklahoma : 12 (NA) (NA) Oregon : 51 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania : 6 (NA) (NA) South Carolina : 6 (NA) (NA) South Dakota : 4 (NA) (NA) Tennessee : 7 (NA) (NA) Texas : 67 (NA) (NA) Utah : 1 (NA) (NA) Vermont : 7 (NA) (NA) Virginia : 6 (NA) (NA) Washington : 21 (NA) (NA) West Virginia : 1 (NA) (NA) Wyoming : 4 (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander was not a separate category in the 1997 Census of Agriculture. These operators were included in the Asian Category. Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 Asian -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 1/ : adjusted for State : : : Coverage 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 8,375 9,620 8,731 : Alabama : 22 26 22 Alaska : 2 - - Arizona : 47 44 42 Arkansas : 68 40 33 California : 3,562 3,746 3,408 Colorado : 65 87 82 Connecticut : 2 3 2 Delaware : 23 17 15 Florida : 466 276 271 Georgia : 79 53 44 Hawaii : 2,090 3,212 3,212 Idaho : 79 112 99 Illinois : 15 34 28 Indiana : 21 22 19 Iowa : 25 30 22 Kansas : 15 23 24 Kentucky : 27 43 38 Louisiana : 28 25 20 Maine : 8 6 6 Maryland : 35 19 18 Massachusetts : 19 13 11 Michigan : 30 35 27 Minnesota : 44 45 43 Mississippi : 36 32 22 Missouri : 57 58 51 Montana : 13 19 15 Nebraska : 11 37 35 Nevada : 4 2 2 New Hampshire : 9 1 1 New Jersey : 51 68 60 New Mexico : 20 8 7 New York : 55 64 50 North Carolina : 94 78 52 North Dakota : 2 2 1 Ohio : 32 43 36 Oklahoma : 52 41 35 Oregon : 273 261 211 Pennsylvania : 33 49 33 South Carolina : 19 19 15 South Dakota : 7 4 4 Tennessee : 61 59 41 Texas : 290 244 179 Utah : 35 63 55 Vermont : 6 1 1 Virginia : 46 53 43 Washington : 303 395 226 West Virginia : 5 9 7 Wisconsin : 76 93 57 Wyoming : 13 5 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The 1997 data include Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders. Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 More than One Race Reported -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 : 1997 1/ : adjusted for State : : : Coverage 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 7,661 (NA) (NA) : Alabama : 224 (NA) (NA) Alaska : 2 (NA) (NA) Arizona : 58 (NA) (NA) Arkansas : 450 (NA) (NA) California : 552 (NA) (NA) Colorado : 122 (NA) (NA) Connecticut : 13 (NA) (NA) Delaware : 4 (NA) (NA) Florida : 152 (NA) (NA) Georgia : 85 (NA) (NA) Hawaii : 694 (NA) (NA) Idaho : 58 (NA) (NA) Illinois : 78 (NA) (NA) Indiana : 74 (NA) (NA) Iowa : 64 (NA) (NA) Kansas : 152 (NA) (NA) Kentucky : 159 (NA) (NA) Louisiana : 87 (NA) (NA) Maine : 20 (NA) (NA) Maryland : 31 (NA) (NA) Massachusetts : 16 (NA) (NA) Michigan : 147 (NA) (NA) Minnesota : 71 (NA) (NA) Mississippi : 62 (NA) (NA) Missouri : 368 (NA) (NA) Montana : 84 (NA) (NA) Nebraska : 26 (NA) (NA) Nevada : 24 (NA) (NA) New Hampshire : 18 (NA) (NA) New Jersey : 39 (NA) (NA) New Mexico : 74 (NA) (NA) New York : 106 (NA) (NA) North Carolina : 170 (NA) (NA) North Dakota : 24 (NA) (NA) Ohio : 184 (NA) (NA) Oklahoma : 1,247 (NA) (NA) Oregon : 298 (NA) (NA) Pennsylvania : 88 (NA) (NA) Rhode Island : 2 (NA) (NA) South Carolina : 63 (NA) (NA) South Dakota : 80 (NA) (NA) Tennessee : 229 (NA) (NA) Texas : 649 (NA) (NA) Utah : 32 (NA) (NA) Vermont : 17 (NA) (NA) Virginia : 153 (NA) (NA) Washington : 186 (NA) (NA) West Virginia : 21 (NA) (NA) Wisconsin : 80 (NA) (NA) Wyoming : 24 (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Operators could report only one race in 1997. Principal Operators by Race: 2002 and 1997 Other Race -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : : 1997 not And : 2002 1/ : 1997 : adjusted for State : : : Coverage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : (NA) 12,276 9,838 : Alabama : (NA) 9 8 Alaska : (NA) 16 16 Arizona : (NA) 226 198 Arkansas : (NA) 41 36 California : (NA) 2,755 2,351 Colorado : (NA) 402 378 Connecticut : (NA) 3 2 Delaware : (NA) 9 8 Florida : (NA) 300 269 Georgia : (NA) 49 37 Hawaii : (NA) 92 92 Idaho : (NA) 133 115 Illinois : (NA) 36 31 Indiana : (NA) 33 26 Iowa : (NA) 24 16 Kansas : (NA) 63 60 Kentucky : (NA) 25 22 Louisiana : (NA) 36 26 Maine : (NA) 2 2 Maryland : (NA) 9 8 Massachusetts : (NA) 5 5 Michigan : (NA) 97 84 Minnesota : (NA) 15 15 Mississippi : (NA) 16 11 Missouri : (NA) 52 44 Montana : (NA) 24 18 Nebraska : (NA) 27 25 Nevada : (NA) 49 41 New Hampshire : (NA) 3 3 New Jersey : (NA) 21 19 New Mexico : (NA) 1,770 1,694 New York : (NA) 47 37 North Carolina : (NA) 44 31 North Dakota : (NA) 1 1 Ohio : (NA) 37 32 Oklahoma : (NA) - - Oregon : (NA) 142 103 Pennsylvania : (NA) 30 20 Rhode Island : (NA) 1 1 South Carolina : (NA) 21 16 South Dakota : (NA) 6 6 Tennessee : (NA) 30 22 Texas : (NA) 4,963 3,564 Utah : (NA) 19 15 Vermont : (NA) 14 12 Virginia : (NA) 32 24 Washington : (NA) 494 264 West Virginia : (NA) 10 6 Wisconsin : (NA) 43 24 Wyoming : (NA) - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ This category was eliminated in the 2002 Census of Agriculture. Operators Reporting More than One Race: by U.S. and State, 2002 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : American : : American : : : Indian U.S. : : Indian : : Black or : or Alaska And : Total 1/ : or Alaska : Asian and : African :Native and State : : Native : White : American : Black or : : and White : : and White : African : : : : : American -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 12,005 8,791 711 783 275 : Alabama : 376 276 18 59 6 Alaska : 8 7 - - - Arizona : 92 76 - 1 5 Arkansas : 580 536 3 16 10 California : 899 639 105 22 15 Colorado : 228 178 8 6 6 Connecticut : 24 15 2 - - Delaware : 6 1 4 - 1 Florida : 223 152 45 7 2 Georgia : 125 101 7 - 6 Hawaii : 978 52 233 4 1 Idaho : 74 61 6 - - Illinois : 109 85 4 9 2 Indiana : 126 106 4 12 - Iowa : 86 73 6 3 1 Kansas : 234 194 11 10 7 Kentucky : 260 221 5 18 5 Louisiana : 110 74 - 16 7 Maine : 28 26 - 1 - Maryland : 57 35 5 10 - Massachusetts : 31 26 3 1 - Michigan : 265 221 5 23 8 Minnesota : 97 77 5 8 1 Mississippi : 118 78 - 29 8 Missouri : 607 470 31 61 10 Montana : 140 133 2 3 - Nebraska : 42 37 3 - - Nevada : 34 22 1 - 3 New Hampshire : 26 20 - - - New Jersey : 55 39 6 2 6 New Mexico : 114 84 6 13 - New York : 158 119 7 18 10 North Carolina : 280 175 6 37 18 North Dakota : 39 29 4 2 - Ohio : 260 178 12 33 6 Oklahoma : 1,924 1,795 15 25 49 Oregon : 441 356 15 16 11 Pennsylvania : 186 140 4 27 6 Rhode Island : 3 2 - - - South Carolina : 101 54 - 32 12 South Dakota : 131 105 8 7 1 Tennessee : 389 293 16 45 7 Texas : 1,081 820 29 136 22 Utah : 63 59 1 1 - Vermont : 26 23 - 3 - Virginia : 242 131 23 36 13 Washington : 307 228 27 9 10 West Virginia : 54 42 2 8 - Wisconsin : 119 95 7 12 - Wyoming : 49 32 7 2 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data were collected for a maximum of three operators per farm. Operators Reporting More than One Race: by U.S. and State, 2002 (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Native : Native : Native : : Hawaiian : Hawaiian : Hawaiian : Balance of U.S. : or Other : or Other : or Other : individuals And : Pacific : Pacific : Pacific : reporting State : Islander : Islander : Islander : more than : and White : and Asian : and Asian : one race : : : and White : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : United States : 335 275 160 675 : Alabama : 1 - - 16 Alaska : - - - 1 Arizona : - - - 10 Arkansas : 1 - - 14 California : 36 19 5 58 Colorado : 4 2 - 24 Connecticut : 3 - - 4 Delaware : - - - - Florida : 1 1 3 12 Georgia : - - - 11 Hawaii : 183 195 131 179 Idaho : 1 - - 6 Illinois : 2 1 - 6 Indiana : 2 - - 2 Iowa : - - - 3 Kansas : 2 1 - 9 Kentucky : 5 - - 6 Louisiana : 8 3 - 2 Maine : 1 - - - Maryland : - - - 7 Massachusetts : - - 1 - Michigan : - - - 8 Minnesota : 1 - - 5 Mississippi : - - - 3 Missouri : 5 5 1 24 Montana : 1 - - 1 Nebraska : - - - 2 Nevada : - - - 8 New Hampshire : - - - 6 New Jersey : - - - 2 New Mexico : 3 - - 8 New York : 1 - - 3 North Carolina : 2 2 - 40 North Dakota : 3 - - 1 Ohio : 10 5 8 8 Oklahoma : 12 - - 28 Oregon : 11 6 5 21 Pennsylvania : 5 2 - 2 Rhode Island : - 1 - - South Carolina : - - - 3 South Dakota : 3 3 - 4 Tennessee : 4 3 - 21 Texas : 6 8 1 59 Utah : 1 1 - - Vermont : - - - - Virginia : 9 4 4 22 Washington : 2 13 1 17 West Virginia : - - - 2 Wisconsin : 3 - - 2 Wyoming : 3 - - 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix A. OMB GUIDELINES March 9, 2000 1. OMB BULLETIN NO. 00-02 TO THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISHMENTS SUBJECT: Guidance on Aggregation and Allocation of Data on Race for Use in Civil Rights Monitoring and Enforcement 1. Purpose: This Bulletin establishes guidance for agencies that collect or use aggregate data on race. It also establishes guidance for the allocation of multiple race responses for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement. 2. Background: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced revisions to the standards for classification of Federal data on race and ethnicity in a Federal Register Notice of October 30, 1997 (62 FR 58782-58790). Revisions to these standards followed a lengthy process that included considerable public involvement and active participation from more than 30 Federal agencies. The revised standards require, among other things, that agencies offer individuals the opportunity to select one or more races when reporting information on race in Federal data collections. The five minimum race categories are American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White. Census 2000 will be the first nationwide implementation of the revised standards. Data from Census 2000 will capture more accurately the increasing diversity of the Nation's population. Results from Census 2000 will display the full range of single and multiple race reporting by the American people. As the revised standards for collecting and presenting data are implemented, we must ensure that we maintain our ability to monitor compliance with laws that offer protections for those who historically have experienced discrimination. In addition, we must minimize reporting burden for institutions such as schools and businesses that report aggregate data on race to Federal agencies. In response to requests from agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing civil rights laws, OMB has led an interagency group to develop guidance. This guidance addresses the collection of aggregate data when agencies request information from businesses, schools, and other entities. The guidance also addresses the allocation by agencies of responses, whether individual or aggregate, for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement. 3. Guidance for aggregation and allocation of multiple race responses for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement: The attached guidance is designed to be straightforward and easy to implement. It provides consistency across agencies responsible for enforcing civil rights laws, and does not preclude the use of more detailed data if an agency chooses to do so. The guidance does not involve methods that require either fractional or double counting of individuals, or arbitrary allocation of responses to one minority group versus another. 4. Implementation process: OMB will continue to work closely with the enforcement agencies and the civil rights community to assess these methods as they are implemented over the next few years and to consider the need for future modifications. The guidance provided in this Bulletin will be reflected in the Provisional Guidance on the Implementation of the 1997 Standards for Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that will be available from OMB later this year. 5. Inquiries: Inquiries concerning the information in this Bulletin should be directed to Katherine K. Wallman, Chief Statistician (202-395-3093). Jacob J. Lew Director Attachment Guidance on Aggregation and Allocation of Multiple Race Responses for Use in Civil Rights Monitoring and Enforcement I. Aggregation Guidance: Census 2000 will provide 63 categories of data on the population by race; these data will be available by April 1, 2001, at the national, state, local, and census tract levels. Data collected by Federal enforcement agencies often are provided by businesses and institutions in aggregate form. To facilitate agency efforts to work with data on race, an aggregation method is presented below. This method keeps intact the five single race categories, and includes the four double race combinations most frequently reported in recent studies. The method also provides for the collection of information on any multiple race combinations that comprise more than one percent of the population of interest. Based on data from Census 2000, responsible agencies will determine which additional combinations meet the one percent threshold for the relevant jurisdictions. A balance category is provided to report those individual responses that are not included in (1) one of the five single race categories or four double race combinations or (2) other combinations that represent more than one percent of the population in a jurisdiction. The following example illustrates this guidance. 1 American Indian or Alaska Native 2 Asian 3 Black or African American 4 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 5 White 6 American Indian or Alaska Native and White 7 Asian and White 8 Black or African American and White 9 American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American 10 > 1 percent: Fill in if applicable(1)______________________ 11 > 1 percent: Fill in if applicable_________________________ 12 Balance of individuals reporting more than one race 13 Total II. Allocation Guidance: Federal agencies will use the following rules to allocate multiple race responses for use in civil rights monitoring and enforcement. Responses in the five single race categories are not allocated. Responses that combine one minority race and white are allocated to the minority race. Responses that include two or more minority races are allocated as follows: If the enforcement action is in response to a complaint, allocate to the race that the complainant alleges the discrimination was based on. If the enforcement action requires assessing disparate impact or discriminatory patterns, analyze the patterns based on alternative allocations to each of the minority groups. Allocation for enforcement purposes should not be confused with various allocation methods under consideration for "bridging" to past data collections as described in OMB's Provisional Guidance on the Implementation of the 1997 Standards for Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. These bridging methods would take advantage of information being gleaned from Census 2000 and other experimental work being carried out by the statistical agencies. The principal purpose of allocation for bridging is to conduct trend or time series analysis. 1. Based on Census 2000 data, agencies will determine the race combinations that meet the one percent threshold. For example, in Hawaii there may well be combinations of race groups that meet this threshold such as Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and White, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and Asian and White.