National Agricultural Library Collections: Special Collections--Index to the Manuscript Collections, Search Results

Search Results

Printer Friendly




	Index to the Manuscript Collections--Search Results

155 record(s) found Collection Number: 12 Collection Name: Associates of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) Records Earliest Date: 1971 Latest Date: 1989 Linear Feet: 9.75 Collection Description: The Associates of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) Records consist of copies of the Journal of NAL Associates, newsletters, as well as other publications and promotional materials with which the Associates were involved. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Associates of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) was founded in 1970 to promote the development of the library by means of encouraging the donation of gifts and desirable collections, providing direct financial assistance for the purchase of unique items, aiding in public relations by informing the community about library services and challenges, and communicating the needs of the community to the library administration. In the 1990s, the organization dissolved. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Collection Number: 13 Collection Name: Bailey, Warren, Papers Earliest Date: 1933 Latest Date: 1976 Linear Feet: 7 Collection Description: The Warren Bailey Papers include correspondence and information on meetings attended, unpublished reports by various authors on topics such as food production and farms, published reports by Bailey and various authors, and hand written reports and notes from college classes he attended on economics. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Warren R. Bailey (1910-1984) joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1938 as an agricultural economist working in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Chicago, Illinois; and then Berkeley, California; before moving to Washington, D.C., in 1952. During the 1950s, he conducted research on farming problems in the western states. In the late 1960s he served as acting chief of the Production Adjustments Division of the Economic Research Service (ERS). Bailey worked at USDA for 36 years, retiring in 1974 as the deputy director of the Commodity Economics Division of ERS. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 17 Collection Name: Beaty, Layne R., Papers Earliest Date: 1926 Latest Date: 1979 Linear Feet: 11 Collection Description: The Layne R. Beaty Papers focus on the history of farm radio and television broadcasting in the United States and on the origins and development of the National Farm and Home Hour, the most popular radio program in the 20th century. There are a small number of documents relating to the Voice of America and Clear Channel Broadcasting. His papers include photographs, correspondence, reports, surveys, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, farm radio and television station promotional literature, annual directories, reports and yearbooks, annual convention literature, and professional newsletters. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Beaty (b. 1935) was chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Radio and Television Service from 1954-1980. He graduated from Southeastern Oklahoma State University in 1935. Between 1943 and 1951, he worked as farm editor of radio station WBAP in Fort Worth, Texas. In 1947, he served as president of the National Association of Radio Farm Directors (NARFD). Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals; Photographs Collection Number: 18 Collection Name: Bellinger, Lyle Frederick, Collection Earliest Date: 1897 Latest Date: 1902 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Lyle Frederick Bellinger Collection consists of 14 letters received from G. D. Brill while Brill was posted to China by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Brill was based at the confluence of the Yangtze and Han Rivers in order to establish a school of agriculture. There are eight black and white photographs, four of which have been colored by hand. All are pictures of Chinese scenery and people, except for a 1901 portrait of Brill. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 20 Collection Name: Bergland, Robert Selmer, Collection Earliest Date: 1976 Latest Date: 1977 Linear Feet: 3 Collection Description: The Robert Selmer Bergland Collection includes press clippings containing information about him during his tenure in the U.S. Congress (1971-1977); and his background, experience, nomination, and approval as Secretary of Agriculture under the Carter administration. There is a photograph album of a trip to the Philippines presented to Bergland from the National Grains Authority. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Bergland (b. 1928) was Secretary of Agriculture from 1977-1981 under President Jimmy Carter. A Democrat, he served as a U.S. Representative from Minnesota from 1971-1977, leaving Congress to head the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 21 Collection Name: Beyers, Herbert, Collection: American Poultry Historical Society Papers Collection Group: Poultry Science Collections Earliest Date: 1929 Latest Date: 1991 Linear Feet: 2.25 Collection Description: The Herbert Beyers Collection contains original issues or copies of Norbest News, Norbest Turkey News, and Norbest Market Letter. There are articles and reprints from trade journals and newspapers plus a brief biography highlighting Beyers’ accomplishments. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Beyers (b. 1903) was general manager of Norbest Turkey Growers Association, the nation's largest turkey marketing organization, from 1933-1967, and became president in 1967. He was known as "Mr. Turkey, U.S.A." because of his prominence in the turkey industry for more than 40 years and he served as a constant advisor to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) officials on many of the laws and USDA regulations on turkey grading and inspection. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Poultry; USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 22 Collection Name: Block, John R., Collection Earliest Date: 1980 Latest Date: 1981 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The John R. Block Collection includes press clippings containing information about John Block, Illinois; and his background, experience, nomination, and approval as Secretary of Agriculture under the Reagan administration. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Block (b. 1935) was Secretary of Agriculture from 1981-1986. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 23 Collection Name: Blomquist, Anton Gabriel, Letters Earliest Date: 1876 Latest Date: 1882 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Anton Gabriel Blomquist Letters consist of correspondence from Blomquist to Franklin B. Hough, forest commissioner and first chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Division of Forestry, about forestry and the Forest Institute at Evois, Finland. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Forestry; USDA History Collection Number: 26 Collection Name: Borthwick, Harry A., Papers Earliest Date: 1901 Latest Date: 1967 Linear Feet: 112 Collection Description: The Harry A. Borthwick Papers contain reprints, experiment results, correspondence, abstracts, manuscripts, photographs, negatives, positives, maps, graphs, tables, charts, slides, and notebooks. There are indexes to the reprints, abstracts, photographs, and negatives. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Borthwick (1898-1974), plant physiologist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA), is notable for heading the investigation on photoperiodism, which culminated in the discovery of phytochrome in plants. In 1995, he was named to the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Science Hall of Fame in recognition of contributions in elucidating the importance of photoperiodic mechanisms controlling flowering in plants. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs; Reprints Collection Number: 28 Collection Name: Breimyer, Harold F., Papers Earliest Date: 1958 Latest Date: 1970 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The Harold F. Breimyer Papers include correspondence produced during Breimyer’s association with the American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA) and the American Farm Economic Association (AFEA), programs of meetings, reprints, and newspaper clippings related to AAEA and AFEA. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Harold F. Breimyer (1914-2001) worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as an economist for 30 years and was an agent for the University of Missouri’s agricultural extension. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 29 Collection Name: Brewster, John Monroe, Papers Earliest Date: 1950 Latest Date: 1970 Linear Feet: 3 Collection Description: The John Monroe Brewster Papers include correspondence, research notes, photographs, and a manuscript of a book of Brewster's writings which was published posthumously. The book is titled: A Philosopher Among Economists [Selected Works of John M. Brewster]. Philadelphia: J. T. Murphy Co., [1970]. Historical or Biographical Sketch: John Monroe Brewster (1904-1965), an agricultural economist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), began his service in 1936 in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Land Use Planning Division. Throughout his career he continued to serve as an agricultural economist within many different USDA divisions including the Farm Security Administration, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Farm Security Administration, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Production and Marketing Administration, Agricultural Marketing Service, and the Production Economics Research Branch. Brewster’s last position at the USDA was as the leader of the Farm Size and Resource Requirements Investigations, Agricultural Adjustments Branch of the Farm Economics Division of the Economic Research Service. Some of his notable studies focused on oilseed processing, the relation of resources-to-income in family farming, the classification and structure of family and non-family farms, the effects of technological advance on American farming, and cultural attitudes as a factor in the economic growth of under-developed countries. In 1954 Dr. Brewster received the USDA Superior Service Award and the Agricultural Marketing Service Meritorious Award for his work with cottonseed oil mills. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 30 Collection Name: Brooks, Emerson Merlyn, Papers Earliest Date: 1913 Latest Date: 1972 Linear Feet: 17.5 Collection Description: The Emerson Merlyn Brooks Papers contain the original manuscript material, worksheets, photographs, and maps relating to the book The Growth of a Nation; A Pictorial Review of the United States from Colonial Days to the Present, 1956. There are also materials intended for use in a book called Pictorial Agriculture-USA. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Emerson Merlyn Brooks (1905-1982) was an agricultural statistician who began his U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) career in 1933 with the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE). In 1939 Brooks was transferred to Washington, D.C., to specialize in estimates of the tobacco, peanut, and sugar crops. From 1963-1967, he served as the deputy director of the Field Operations Division. Brooks completed his service with the USDA working with the Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) as a staff officer for career development and foreign programs, from 1967-1972. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Economics; Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 31 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Dairy Industry Records Collection Group: Dairy Science Collections Earliest Date: 1908 Latest Date: 1983 Bulk Dates: 1960-1967 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Dairy Industry Records include clippings of articles by or about Ollie E. Reed, chief of the Bureau of Dairy Industry from 1928-1953; historical information on the Dairy Division as part of the Bureau of Animal Industry as well as the Bureau of Dairy Industry; publications of the Dairy Cattle Research Branch (1956-1957); speeches of Carl W. Larson, former Chief of the Bureau of Dairy Industry and Reed's predecessor; certificates of Ralph E. Hodgson, former chief, Dairy Husbandry Research (1957); and black and white photographs of Beltsville dairy buildings and animals, and dairy personnel. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace, a dairy specialist, supported the expansion of the Dairy Division into the Bureau of Dairying on July 1, 1924. Two years later the name changed to the Bureau of Dairy Industry and five major divisions formed: Division of Dairy Research Laboratories; Division of Market Milk Investigations; Division of Breeding, Feeding, and Management; Division of Dairy Herd Improvement Investigations; and Division of Dairy Manufacturing Investigations and Introduction. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Collection Number: 32 Collection Name: Capron, Horace, Memoirs Earliest Date: 1884 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Horace Capron Memoirs [ca. 1884] describe Capron's activities as an operator of mills in New York and Maryland and as a plantation owner and livestock breeder in Maryland and Illinois. In addition, Capron details his service in the Union Army during the Civil War and his tenure as the third Commissioner of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Finally, he discusses his pioneering work for Japan in the development of the island of Hokkaido. This two-volume autobiography is a copy of the original. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Horace Capron (1804-1885) was the third Commissioner of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1867-1871). Capron decided to start a career in the cotton manufacturing business in his youth. He became a superintendent of a cotton factory in Baltimore County, Maryland in 1829. Capron started his own factory in Laurel, Maryland, 1836. It was built on land that his wife, Louisa, had inherited upon her father’s death in 1831. Louisa died in 1848, and four years later, Capron received a commission from President Millard Fillmore as special agent for native tribes in the Southwest. He held this post through the end of 1853. Capron remarried in early 1854, and he resettled on farmland in northern Illinois. He also served in the Civil War. In 1867 Capron was appointed by President Andrew Johnson to be the Commissioner of the USDA. In this capacity, Capron commenced on plans for several new USDA buildings, and he also formed the grounds for an arboretum. Capron resigned this post in 1871 to take a similar role in the Kaitakushi Department of Japan, where he primarily advised on the development of the island of Hokkaido. Capron returned to the United States in 1875, and lived his remaining years in Washington, D.C. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Text Available in NALDR: http://naldr.nal.usda.gov/NALWeb/Agricola_Link.asp... Subjects: Agricultural History; Animal Science; Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 34 Collection Name: Early Extension Service Miscellaneous Materials Earliest Date: 1916 Latest Date: 1980 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: Early Extension Service Miscellaneous Materials contain reference materials from the early U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) extension services including publications, glass slides, photographs, and film. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Materials were gathered by Helen Strow (1904-1999) and Beatrice Judkins (d. 2003), who were employed by the USDA Extension Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals; Photographs Collection Number: 38 Collection Name: Cardon, Phillip V., Papers Earliest Date: 1910 Latest Date: 1961 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The Phillip V. Cardon Papers include correspondence, articles, poems, photographs, and material relating to his work in the areas of soil research, forage crop improvements, land use policy, and the USDA Graduate School. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Among the many positions which Cardon (1889-1965) held with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) were agronomist for the Bureau of Plant Industry (1909-1919) and director of the USDA Graduate School (1950-1952). Beginning in 1953, he served as director general of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Plant Science; Natural Resources; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 42 Collection Name: Bereskin, Ben, Papers Earliest Date: 1954 Latest Date: 1988 Linear Feet: 18.75 Collection Description: The Ben Bereskin Papers include papers, photographs, publications and reports by Bereskin and others (H.O. Hetzer) as well as data, notes, correspondence, drafts, abstracts, and other manuscripts. Materials cover subjects such as livestock, poultry, and swine. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Ben Bereskin (b. 1922) began working at U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1965 as a research geneticist (animal) with USDA’s Agricultural Research Service, Animal Husbandry Research Division, Swine Research Branch. Bereskin’s swine research objectives included selection for lean growth on low protein diets; comparing responses of pigs to selection under different dietary regimes; monitoring and evaluating physiological traits in the selected lines; evaluating the genetic X nutritional interaction effects and evaluating responses to reverse selection. In 1975 he was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and in 1985-1986 he was the sole winner of the National Swine Improvement Federation’s Distinguished Service Award. Bereskin retired in 1988 as a research geneticist at the USDA Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Animal Science Institute. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; Poultry; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 45 Collection Name: Cram, Eloise, Papers Earliest Date: 1853 Latest Date: 1991 Linear Feet: 4.5 Collection Description: The Eloise Cram Papers contain correspondence, photographs, scientific articles, and various ephemera relating to the professional lives and work of several scientists employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) and by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The scientists included are Eloise B. Cram, Maurice C. Hall, Brayton H. Ransom, Charles W. Stiles, Albert Hassell, and Daniel E. Salmon. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Parasitologist Eloise Cram (1897-1957) entered government service as a zoologist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), where she became noted as a world authority on the parasites of poultry, and eventually rose to be Head, Parasites of Poultry and Game Birds, USDA. When she took a position at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), she contributed to the study of pinworm and researched the curbing of the helminthic disease Schistosomiasis. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 47 Collection Name: Poster Collection Earliest Date: 1877 Latest Date: 1950 Bulk Dates: 1915-1950 Linear Feet: 74.25 Collection Description: The Poster Collection contains approximately 470 posters relating to World Wars I and II, poultry, cattle, dairy, food, and farming. Most of the posters are not dated. There are approximately 300 World War I- and World War II-era posters. Although many of these posters are not dated, the known date-range runs from 1917-1919 and 1940-1946. The posters display government information relating to wartime agricultural programs and educate and encourage Americans to participate in the war effort through increased food production and conservation. Homemakers are asked to Win the War in the Kitchen by planting war gardens and canning vegetables, while farmers are told that Your Farm Can Help, and encouraged to plant particular crops, construct storage silos, and eliminate plant diseases to help the war effort. Additional World War II posters highlight the various important uses of cotton by U.S. soldiers and encourage Americans to Make America Strong by promoting community education and involvement in proper meal preparation and food preservation. The collection also includes approximately 100 poultry posters and promotional advertisements. Most materials are not dated. The poultry-related advertisements and educational posters provide information about poultry processing, production, and standards of quality; and encourage the consumption of eggs, chicken, and turkey. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Animal Science; Economics; Farms and Farming Systems; Human Nutrition; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Posters Collection Number: 48 Collection Name: Darrow, George McMillan, Papers Earliest Date: 1835 Latest Date: 1980 Bulk Dates: 1925-65 Linear Feet: 19.25 Collection Description: The George McMillan Darrow Papers contain materials related to Darrow's scientific career and the literature he contributed to the field. There is correspondence, manuscripts, galley proofs, a book, publications such as articles and reports, photographs, field notes, papers related to physiology, and miscellaneous items. Historical or Biographical Sketch: George McMillan Darrow (1889-1983), who was known as the foremost American authority on strawberries, worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture for 46 years (1911-1957) as a pomologist and small fruits breeder. Among Darrow's contributions to pomology were the domestication and introduction of the Darrow blueberry. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 49 Collection Name: Davis, John Herbert, Papers Earliest Date: 1905 Latest Date: 1984 Bulk Dates: 1938-78 Linear Feet: 41 Collection Description: The John Herbert Davis Papers consist of an autobiography, correspondence, speeches, broadcast text, reports, congressional testimony, photographs, periodical publications, term papers, school notes, masters degree thesis, Ph.D. thesis draft, programs, newspaper clippings, certificates signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, oral history tapes, Middle East material, and books authored by Davis. Historical or Biographical Sketch: John Herbert Davis (1904-1988) worked as an agricultural economist with several U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administrations beginning in 1936, including the Resettlement Administration, the Farm Security Administration, and the Farm Credit Administration. From 1942-1944, he served as the chief of the Wheat Section, Grain Division of the Commodity Credit Corporation. After working outside of USDA for several years, Davis returned to USDA in 1953 as the president/director of the Commodity Credit Corporation. In June 1953 he became the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, initially responsible for commodity marketing and adjustment activities, and then responsible for the Foreign Agricultural Service and Agricultural Marketing Service. From 1957-1959 he served as a consultant in the Foreign Agricultural Service, the commissioner general of the United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) and as vice chairman of the Board of Trustees and director of the New York Office of the American University of Beirut (dates unknown). Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals; Photographs Collection Number: 50 Collection Name: Dodge, Jacob Richards, Clippings Earliest Date: 1878 Latest Date: 1902 Linear Feet: 0.75 Collection Description: The Jacob Richards Dodge Clippings Collection contains five bound volumes of clippings of agricultural articles written by and about Dodge. Historical or Biographical Sketch: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) statistician Jacob Richards Dodge (1823-1902) was chief of the USDA's Statistical Division for 27 years. Dodge was born in New Boston, New Hampshire, learned the art of printing, and engaged in teaching, first in New Hampshire and afterwards in Mississippi, where he successfully conducted an academy. In 1849 he redirected his career path to the field of journalism, studying rural economy and statistical information. When the new Department of Agriculture was established in 1862, he became engaged in editorial work and statistical investigation. At the same time, he chronicled the events of the Civil War for the Associated Press. In 1866 he assumed charge of the Statisitical Division, which he retained through the changing administrations until 1874. He accepted a temporary commission for investigation of commercial agriculture in the Treasury Department, and the charge of the statistics of agriculture of the 10th Census in 1879. Commissioner George Bailey Loring compelled him to take his former position as statistician in 1881, the duties of which performed until his retirement in 1893. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; USDA History Collection Number: 51 Collection Name: Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition CollectionDorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition Collection Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1914 Latest Date: 1945 Linear Feet: 31.5 Collection Description: The Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition Collection consists of seven photograph albums of the 1929-1931 Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition illustrating plant varieties and uses, landscapes, and Asian cultural practices. In addition to the photographs, the collection contains diaries created by Palemon Howard Dorsett and William Joseph Morse so that they would have a complete report of their work. Combining memoranda, expense reports, itineraries, maps, correspondence, ship logs, invoices, and photographs, the two explorers created 17 books dating from 1928-1932. The photographs in the diaries are from the same trip as the ones in the photograph albums. In 2002, the Arnold Arboretum donated 300 to 500 black and white photographs and negatives from plant expeditions of Palemon Howard Dorsett and other USDA plant explorers. Some of these photographs were taken during the Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition and can be found in this collection. The remainder of the photographs and negatives are located in the Collection of Expedition Photographs from the Office of Plant Exploration. In June 2004, Morse's daughter donated a scrapbook of Dorsett and Morse's expeditions in Asia during 1930. There are 32 black and white photographs (two of which are hand-colored) with captions. The photographs in the scrapbook have negative numbers that correspond to the numbers on the negatives from the Arnold Arboretum. Morse's daughter donated more materials to Special Collections in July 2004. This donation included 9 pamphlets on Japan; a scrapbook of black and white photographs (unlabeled) depicting damage from the 1923 Tokyo earthquake; 86 loose black and white photographs taken while Morse was in Japan; packages of postcards depicting Japanese scenery and social life; a blank stationary set; local Japanese restaurant menus; and holiday cards, some of which are personalized to the Morse family. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1929, Palemon Howard Dorsett (1862-1943) and William Joseph Morse (1884-1959) embarked upon a plant exploration trip officially know as the Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition. Dorsett was the veteran plant explorer for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Section of Plant Introduction, and Morse was a soybean specialist from the USDA Office of Forage Crops. This expedition was initiated in response to the growing importance of the soybean as a food crop during the first quarter of the 20th century. The purpose was primarily to collect soybean germplasm, and also seeds and propagating materials for other crops of interest. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Exploration; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 53 Collection Name: Edwards, Everett Eugene, Papers Earliest Date: 1926 Latest Date: 1951 Linear Feet: 9 Collection Description: The Everett Eugene Edwards Papers include his writings, speeches, bibliographies, administrative information related to his position at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), materials for courses he taught, and historical materials that he may have used for research. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Everett Eugene Edwards (1900-1952) was an agricultural economist and historian in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Division of Statistical and Historical Research from 1927-1952. He was the editor of Agricultural History from 1931-1952. Edwards made notable contributions to agricultural history through his work as an author, editor, bibliographer, and critic. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural History; Economics; USDA History Collection Number: 54 Collection Name: Eisenbeiss, Gene, Papers Earliest Date: 1974 Latest Date: 1996 Bulk Dates: 1974-96 Linear Feet: 13.75 Collection Description: The Gene Eisenbeiss Papers include administrative files such as correspondence regarding registration of cultivar names, location of cultivars for purchase, and information requested about the Ilex genus. There are also miscellaneous publications and literature on plants as well as engraving blocks of holly used for publications and given to Eisenbeiss by Harry William Dengler, Extension Service, USDA, at the University of Maryland. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Gene Eisenbeiss (1926-97), a horticulturist, was employed by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for more than 30 years, 26 of which he spent at the U.S. National Arboretum. He was the international registrar of cultivated Ilex (holly) for more than 20 years. He was involved with the publication of authoritative and comprehensive cultivar checklists (with more than 200 publications on hollies), and was responsible for the introduction of at least 14 cultivars. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 57 Collection Name: Estabrook, Leon Moyer, Manuscript Earliest Date: 1869 Latest Date: 1937 Linear Feet: 3.5 Collection Description: The Leon Moyer Estabrook Manuscript is an unbound typescript titled “Life of One American; Memoirs of Leon M. Estabrook.” It contains Estabrook’s account of his life and work as statistician and chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bureau of Statistics and Crop Estimation. The typescript includes descriptions of the work done in early years of the Bureau of Plant Industry and of USDA scientists such as B. T. Galloway and Walter Swingle. There is information relating to crop reporting, and some observations on agricultural conditions during Estabrook's travel abroad. He also provided information about USDA buildings. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1905, Leon Moyer Estabrook (1869-1937) organized and became the first Chief of the Office of Records, which centralized the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Plant Industry’s accounting systems. He became the Chief of the Office of Seed Distribution in 1909, then Chief Clerk of USDA. In 1913, Estabrook became Chief of the Bureau of Statistics (changed to Bureau of Crop Estimates in 1914). He represented USDA at the General Assembly meeting of the International Institute of Agriculture in Rome in 1920. Estabrook became Associate Chief of the new Bureau of Agricultural Economics in 1921. From 1925 to 1929, he traveled all over the world collecting data and writing reports for the first World Census of Agriculture (1930), for which he was highly commended. In 1930, he organized the first Inter-American Conference of Agriculture. In 1931, Estabrook retired. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 58 Collection Name: Evans, Frank L., Manuscript Earliest Date: 1906 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Frank L. Evans Manuscript [ca. 1906] is titled "Reminiscences Covering Personal Characteristics of Several Executive Heads of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1871-1906." Though containing neither table of contents nor index, Evans’s manuscript is divided into three sections. In the first portion, he lists and describes the Commissioners/Secretaries of Agriculture under whom he served and his opinion of each of them. The executives covered are Frederick Watts, 1871-1877; William LeDuc, 1877-1881; George Loring, 1881-1885; Norman Colman, 1885-1889; Jeremiah Rusk, 1889-1893; J. Sterling Morton, 1893-1897; and James Wilson, 1897-1913. The manuscript also includes William Saunders, who served as horticulturist and superintendent of the grounds from 1862-1900, and whom Evans considered a remarkable individual and unsung hero. The second portion of the manuscript describes the occasion of Evans’s retirement. The third and final portion details Evans’s career with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the inner workings of the department. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1875, Frank L. Evans was hired by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to work in the mailing room of the Seed Division; within a few months, he was promoted to the Statistical Division. In 1890, Evans was appointed cashier. In 1893, he was appointed disbursing officer and chief, Division of Accounts, a position which he held until his resignation in 1906. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; USDA History Collection Number: 59 Collection Name: USDA Fiber Collection Earliest Date: 1902 Latest Date: 1982 Linear Feet: 189 Collection Description: The USDA Fiber Collection contains documents relating to more than 300 genera of plants used for fiber. The materials cover the subject of natural plant fiber crops other than cotton and include information on cordage, textiles, and miscellaneous fibers as well as the products made from them. There are reprints and photocopies of fiber articles with an extensive card index, manuscripts, foreign and domestic publications, promotional brochures, reports, newspaper clippings, glass and acetate negatives, slides, black and white photographs, and fiber specimens. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In the early 1900s, Lyster H. Dewey, U.S. Department of Agriculture botanist in charge of fiber plant investigations, created the collection. The collection was begun in the early 1900s by Lyster H. Dewey and was called the "Dewey Index." A separate set of reference materials, mainly on hard or cordage fibers, was started when Harry Edwards took over the hard fiber work in 1915. After he retired, all references were filed in the Dewey Index as they came in. The Dewey Index grew unchanged to thousands of index cards and thousands of indexed publications and reprints. Fiber specialists researched, traveled, and observed commercial production of fiber and research projects around the world. When research work began at Arlington Farms, fiber plants were included and research gradually became a greater part of the activity. Later, cooperative research was expanded to other parts of the United States, especially in Michigan, Wisconsin, Oregon, California, Florida, and Maryland, but was not limited to those states. In 1943, the fiber office was moved from the Administration Building in Washington, D.C., to Beltsville in Buildings 003 and 001 where it continued (in 001) until moved to the National Agricultural Library in 1984. In 1965, the research on plant fibers other than cotton was discontinued and the employees on fiber research were transferred to other work. However, the reference material was kept partially current by those interested in the project and who were assigned elsewhere. In 1970, a former employee (Nelson) retired and came back as a volunteer to review literature, make index cards, and accumulate reference material. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 60 Collection Name: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), Veterinary Services Earliest Date: 1947 Latest Date: 1974 Bulk Dates: 1960-69 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) cover animal inspection and quarantine memoranda, procedures, forms, letters, and reports. Topics include export livestock; domestics, ruminations, and swine; organisms and vectors; restricted meat; restricted byproducts; and virus-serum control. There are materials related to the Animal Quarantine Station in Clifton, New York, 1949. Additionally, there are records on the Foreign Animal Diseases Advisory Committee, 1974; the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Industry Advisory Committee on Foot-and-Mouth Disease, 1947-1972; and files of court case involving George C. Bump and his failure to permit the depopulation of his poultry flock exposed to Exotic Newcastle Disease. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The goals of the Veterinary Services (VS) program of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) are to properly manage cases of animal disease, and to advocate methods for maintaining healthy and productive animals. VS began as the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), which was established under the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1884. The BAI set out to deal with livestock problems, most notably diseases. The bureau established several divisions, including those for dairy, animal husbandry, inspection, and quarantine. The organization of the BAI remained virtually unchanged for almost 70 years (the exception being its grouping with other bureaus under the Agricultural Research Administration from 1942-1953). In 1953 the BAI was abolished. Its functions were assigned to various branches of the new Agricultural Research Service, mostly to Animal Disease Eradication and Animal Inspection and Quarantine. These two branches merged in 1970 to form Veterinary Services, ARS. VS was transferred to APHIS in 1972, and remained when APHIS was reorganized and superceded by an organization of the same name. Throughout its history, Veterinary Services has eradicated several diseases from the United States, including foot-and-mouth disease, cattle fever ticks, screwworms, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, exotic Newcastle disease, and hog cholera. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 64 Collection Name: Friant, Julian N., Papers Earliest Date: 1933 Latest Date: 1941 Linear Feet: 14 Collection Description: The Julian N. Friant Papers include correspondence with many U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) officials such as Henry A. Wallace (1933-1939), Paul Appleby (1933-1938), Chester Davis (1933-1937), and Rex Tugwell (1933-1935). There is also substantial correspondence with James Farley (1933-1937) and others. The material spans activities related to personnel work of the USDA, the Roosevelt administration, the Democratic Party, and congressional relations. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Julian Friant (1888-1939) served as a special assistant to Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace (1933-1939). A Democrat and leader in the fight for national assistance to farmers, Friant was instrumental in developing a successful program of patronage within the USDA. His duties involved the review and recommendation of thousands of qualified applicants for jobs under the New Deal. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 65 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Plant Industry Horticultural and Pomological Investigations Records Earliest Date: 1892 Latest Date: 1960 Bulk Dates: 1902-49 Linear Feet: 51.25 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Plant Industry Horticultural and Pomological Investigations Records contain black and white photographs, acetate and glass negatives, glass slides, drawings, note cards, project reports, research records, and correspondence related to small fruits and nuts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Fruit Laboratory. Examples of topics include experimental fruits, varieties, plant anatomy, breeding, crossing, diseases, insects, irrigation, handling, pruning, harvesting, and marketing. Many photographs were taken in Beltsville and Glenn Dale, Maryland. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1913 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bureau of Plant Industry combined the functions of its Offices of Horticultural Investigations, Pomological Investigations, and Field Investigations in Pomology, and named the new unit the Office of Horticultural and Pomological Investigations. This office did research in the areas of breeding, growing, physiology, pathology, and disease, with a specific focus on crops. The office changed its name to the Office of Horticulture in 1926, and then merged with several other offices in 1928 to form the Office of Horticultural Crops and Diseases (later the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases). In 1951, the division was split into the Division of Fruit and Nut Crops and Diseases; and the Division of Vegetable Crops and Diseases, both coming under the Horticultural Crops Group. In the USDA reorganization in 1953, the Horticultural Crops Group became the Horticultural Crops Research Branch. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 66 Collection Name: Galloway, Beverly Thomas, Papers Earliest Date: 1891 Latest Date: 1933 Linear Feet: 7.75 Collection Description: The Beverly Thomas Galloway Papers consist of biographical information, correspondence, speeches, memoranda, notebooks, photographs, scrapbooks, and published and unpublished articles. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Beverly Thomas Galloway (1863-1938) was appointed as plant pathologist in 1887 for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The following year he became Chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. In 1900, he became chief of the Division of Gardens and Grounds, was the leader in planning the consolidation of several divisions into what soon became the Bureau of Plant Industry, and moved into position of Chief of this new bureau. For two years (1913-1914), he served as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture and later returned to research work, particularly investigations of the pathological aspects. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs; Reprints Collection Number: 70 Collection Name: Beagle, Eldon C., Papers Earliest Date: 1939 Latest Date: 1983 Bulk Dates: 1960's - early1980's Linear Feet: 56.25 Collection Description: The Eldon C. Beagle Papers are composed of correspondence; government and United Nations publications; bibliographies on rice hull and furfural research, articles, studies, research papers and personal journals. Some records relate to international projects in the Philippines, India, Egypt, Thailand, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Australia, and Japan. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Eldon Beagle (b. 1923) was a consultant to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Agricultural Industries Service, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States/United Nations, the UN Industrial Development Organization, and the U.S. Agency for International Development from 1970-1982. Beagle’s agricultural expertise centered on rice and rice hulls (with a few references to straw and almonds); post-harvest processing, milling, and utilization; marketing-distribution of agricultural by-products; biomass energy; and conversion technologies, processes and equipment. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; Human Nutrition; USDA History Collection Number: 75 Collection Name: Harding, Thomas Swann, Manuscripts Earliest Date: 1943 Latest Date: 1949 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Thomas Swann Harding Manuscripts include three typewritten documents: "110 Years of Federal Aid to Agriculture," 1949; "Our First World War Secretary of Agriculture," 1943; and "The Scientific Achievements of the U.S. Department of Agriculture," 1943. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Thomas Swann Harding (b. 1890) was a chemist, editor, and writer for USDA for more than 37 years. He received a bachelor of science degree in agricultural chemistry at the Maryland Agricultural College in 1910. After a short period of employment in chemical research work at the Maryland Experiment Station and Agricultural College, he began research on the preparation of rare sugars and carbohydrates for the USDA Bureau of Chemistry in 1910. In 1918 he joined a pharmaceutical firm (Digestive Ferments Company), but returned to work on dairy cattle nutrition experiments in the laboratories of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry in 1922. Six years later, he became editor of scientific publications, Office of Information, and shortly thereafter assumed charge of the employee news bulletin. His interest in the history and growth of USDA led to numerous articles and publications about USDA. He retired in 1951. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 81 Collection Name: Hodgson, Ralph Edward, Papers Collection Group: Dairy Science Collections Earliest Date: 1929 Latest Date: 1975 Linear Feet: 5 Collection Description: The Ralph Edward Hodgson Papers consist of autobiographical and biographical information, writings, studies, papers, speeches, trip reports, bulletins, reprints, and publications. Of significance to those interested in Hodgson's early years is his 1970 autobiographical work titled "From the Sands of Mazomanie: A Story of a Wisconsin Farm Boy." Historical or Biographical Sketch: Ralph Edward Hodgson (1906-1990) worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) from 1930-1973 and held progressively more responsible positions in professional, scientific, and administrative work in connection with dairy and animal husbandry, focusing on dairy cattle breeding, feeding, and management. His notable positions within USDA include Assistant Chief, Bureau of Dairy Industry, 1945-1953; Chief, Dairy Husbandry Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, 1953-1957, and Director, Animal Science Research Division, 1957-1973. He was associated with virtually every important international activity involving the dairy or livestock industry during his career. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 88 Collection Name: Janick, Jules and Moore, James N., Manuscripts Earliest Date: 1971 Latest Date: 1983 Linear Feet: 6.75 Collection Description: The Jules Janick and James N. Moore Manuscripts consist of the authors' manuscripts and correspondence. Janick and Moore determined a need for updating the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 1937 Yearbook of Agriculture (Better Plants and Animals). They served as editors for Advances in Fruit Breeding, published in 1975 by Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana, and considered the monograph a standard reference for fruit breeding throughout the world. Each chapter was written by a world-recognized authority, and the book includes all major fruits and nuts, temperate as well as tropical. The manuscript materials include the authors’ manuscripts and correspondence between the individual chapter authors and editors. Janick and Moore also edited a companion volume to Advances in Fruit Breeding, the monograph Methods in Fruit Breeding, published in 1983 by Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana. The editors provided updates to the literature and information on new advances in plant science. The manuscript materials include correspondence and rough drafts for the book. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Jules Janick (b. 1931) was a professor of horticulture at Purdue University, and James N. Moore (b. 1931) was a professor of horticulture and forestry at the University of Arkansas. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 90 Collection Name: Jump, William Ashby, Papers Earliest Date: 1938 Latest Date: 1949 Linear Feet: 6 Collection Description: The William Ashby Jump Papers consist primarily of correspondence, budgetary data, and reports relating directly to his work and professional interests. It also includes 27 volumes of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Budgetary Material, 1946-1952, housed with the rare books. Historical or Biographical Sketch: William Ashby Jump (1891-1949) began his career with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1907 as a messenger boy for the Bureau of Animal Industry and progressed through various administrative positions within the Bureau of Markets and the Division of Publications. He soon became the chief administrative officer to the Secretary of Agriculture (1921-1924), the Assistant Director of the office of Personnel and Business Administration and Budget Officer for the Department (1925-1934), and the Director of Finance in the Office of Budget and Finance (1934-1949.) Jump was recognized as an outstanding authority on budgetary and financial administration. His early realization that budgeting was a basic part of program development and operation did much to make the concept of budgeting the vital management force that it is today. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Human Nutrition; USDA History Collection Number: 92 Collection Name: USDA Office for Small-Scale Agriculture Records Earliest Date: 1982 Latest Date: 1994 Linear Feet: 13 Collection Description: The USDA Office for Small-Scale Agriculture Records consist of letters, memoranda, correspondence, reports, newspapers, newsletters, and publications. These records were donated by Howard W. Kerr, Director. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Howard W. Kerr (b. 1932) was Director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Office for Small-Scale Agriculture. In 1984, Secretary of Agriculture John R. Block assigned a team of USDA policy and technical experts to produce ways for the federal government to assist small-scale farms, and Kerr was named to oversee the new effort. In 1986, Kerr was named Director of the newly-created Office for Small-Scale Agriculture which, in 1987, became part of the Cooperative State Research Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 94 Collection Name: Knight, Henry Granger, Diary Earliest Date: 1929 Latest Date: 1942 Linear Feet: 0.75 Collection Description: The Henry Granger Knight Diary is two volumes and contains detailed daily entries of Knight's work activities for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Historical or Biographical Sketch: Henry Granger Knight (1878-1942), a chemist, was Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils from 1927-1939 and then of the Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering from 1939-1942. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Physical Sciences; USDA History Collection Number: 95 Collection Name: Land Ladies' Club Records Earliest Date: 1936 Latest Date: 1990 Linear Feet: 2.75 Collection Description: The Land Ladies' Club Records contain archives of the Land Ladies’ Club consisting of membership lists, financial documents, charitable activities records, and other records associated with the various activities of the club. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Land Ladies' Club was founded in 1930 as an active organization of women whose husbands were professionals in the Farm Economics Research Division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Economics; USDA History Collection Number: 99 Collection Name: Lloyd, William Allison, Papers Earliest Date: 1912 Latest Date: 1945 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The William Allison Lloyd Papers consist of three volumes of papers and addresses relating to agricultural extension from 1913-1940. The collection includes the pre-Smith-Lever work in the northern and western states. Lloyd addresses the organization of cooperative extension work under the Smith-Lever Act; the development of county agent work in the northern and western states, and the development of the County Farm Bureau as an extension agency. He also discusses the New Deal’s national agricultural policies and the Extension Service. Biographical information and a subject index to Lloyd’s public papers are included at end of the third volume. Historical or Biographical Sketch: William Allison Lloyd (1870-1946), a lawyer who practiced in Ohio and Texas, was hired by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Office of Farm Management (later the Office of Cooperative Extension Work) in 1913 to supervise the work of county agents in more than 30 states in the U.S. midwestern and western United States. Furthermore, he pioneered programs in farm leadership at the local level, and also worked on plans for state and county bureaus through which extension work could be done. Lloyd was best known for his contributions of scientific applications to practical farming. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 104 Collection Name: Martin, Joseph Holmes, Papers: American Poultry Historical Society Papers Collection Group: Poultry Science Collections Earliest Date: 1917 Latest Date: 1930 Bulk Dates: 1917-1930s Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Joseph Holmes Martin Papers include his theses entitled, "The Influence of Mating Upon the Strength of Fertility of Eggs," and "Inheritance in Poultry," as well as black and white photographs of Martin and other leaders of the poultry and allied industries, including Secretaries of Agriculture Earl Butz and Ezra T. Benson, and university and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) leaders in poultry science from the 1930s. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Joseph Holmes Martin (1895-1977) was head of the poultry department at the University of Kentucky from 1922-1938 and Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, from 1922-1938. He specialized in poultry genetics and wrote more than 80 poultry publications, including Turkey Management. In 1971, he was elected to the American Poultry Historical Society Poultry Hall of Fame. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Poultry; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 107 Collection Name: Mohler, John R., Papers Earliest Date: 1924 Latest Date: 1943 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The John R. Mohler Papers consist of photographs, Canadian exhibits, U.S. exhibits, a manuscript entitled "The Outbreak of Foot and Mouth Diseases in California," a log book, and certificates. Historical or Biographical Sketch: John R. Mohler (1875-1952) began working at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1897 as an assistant inspector for the Bureau of Animal Industry. He was promoted to the position of Chief of the Pathological Division in 1902, and became the Chief of the Bureau in 1917, a position he held until his retirement in 1943. Mohler’s work focused on animal diseases, in particular those that affected cattle, birds, sheep, horses, and hogs. He authored or co-authored numerous bulletins, circulars, and articles on these topics. In 1933 Mohler was elected vice president of the International Veterinary Congress and in 1939 received the 12th International Veterinary Congress Prize in recognition of his distinguished achievements in veterinary service in the United States and foreign countries. This is the highest honor the veterinary profession bestows. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 108 Collection Name: Wallace, Henry Cantwell, Papers Earliest Date: 1921 Latest Date: 1924 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Henry Cantwell Wallace Papers consist of press releases of addresses and statements made by Wallace while he was Secretary of Agriculture. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Henry Cantwell Wallace (1866-1924) was Secretary of Agriculture from 1921-1924. Prior to working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wallace was part owner and publisher of the Farm and Dairy, which became Wallaces’ Farm and Dairy and later Wallaces’ Farmer. After the death of his father, Wallace replaced him as editor. The journal gained a reputation as one of the leading agricultural periodicals in the United States. When he was appointed as Secretary of Agriculture, Wallace continued to assist farmers by developing improved systems of marketing, establishing the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Bureau of Home Economics, and initiating the radio service for market reports. His son, Henry Agard Wallace, was Secretary of Agriculture from 1933-1940, and Vice President of the United States from 1941-1945 (see Manuscript Collection 192). Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 110 Collection Name: Moyer, Andrew J., Papers Earliest Date: 1943 Latest Date: 1975 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Andrew J. Moyer Papers consist of official agreements signed by Moyer relating to the applications for foreign patents filed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1944, 1945, and 1949; original patents for improvements in or relating to methods for producing penicillin with Australia, Canada, France, Great Britain, India, Mexico, and Switzerland; correspondence regarding the patents; and a bibliography of Moyer’s research publications in the field of mold fermentations and nutrition. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Andrew J. Moyer (1899-1959), a microbiologist, received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1929 and began his work for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). He created methods for producing substantial increase in yields of penicillin, which made large-scale production possible; created the methanol process for submerged mold fermentation of crude carbohydrates to citric acid; and improved the fermentation of glucose and molasses to fumanic acid. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; Human Nutrition; USDA History Collection Number: 113 Collection Name: National Agricultural Library (NAL) Records Earliest Date: 1867 Latest Date: 2002 Bulk Dates: 1867-1980 Linear Feet: 81 Collection Description: The National Agricultural Library (NAL) Records include correspondence, reports, regulations, agreements, budget hearings, clippings, articles, newsletters, manuals, and photographs on library-related activities. Of particular note are the records from 1907-1940 when Claribel R. Barnett was not only head librarian for the departmental library but also was quite active in the library-related organizations. The archival material includes papers relating to directors of the library such as Ralph Robert Shaw, 1940-1954, Foster E. Mohrhardt, 1954-1968, and John Sherrod, 1968-1973. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1862 President Abraham Lincoln signed an act that established the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). One year later, through a donation of a collection of over 1,000 volumes of agriculture-related materials from the Agricultural Division of the U.S. Patent Office, the library mandated by the act establishing the USDA came to life. The purpose of the library was to gather agricultural information from a wide array of sources and provide it to the people of the United States. In the century that followed, the library was located in various locations in the USDA's buildings in Washington, D.C. Also during this time, the library had a formidable succession of librarians who were leaders in furthering the professionalism of librarianship. In 1962 Secretary of Agriculture Orville J. Freeman designated the USDA's library the National Agricultural Library (NAL). This move put the library on par with other national libraries, and also affirmed its distinction as the world’s foremost institute of agricultural information. In 1960 plans were drawn up to create a new dedicated facility for the library. In 1969 the USDA's information institution was successfully moved from the USDA South Building to what is now the Abraham Lincoln Building, USDA, in Beltsville, Maryland. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s NAL brought forth many agriculture-related information resources and centers. Most notable of these resources are the Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862-1965; the National Agricultural Library Catalog, 1966-1970; CAIN (CAtaloging and INdexing) and CAIN-ON-LINE (later renamed AGRICOLA); and the Food and Nutrition Information Center. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 122 Collection Name: USDA Official U.S. Standard for Grades of Wool Earliest Date: 1926 Latest Date: 1966 Linear Feet: 11.5 Collection Description: USDA Official U.S. Standard for Grades of Wool collection contains wool samples that document the 12 standards of wool established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for the 1920s and the 13 standards for the 1940s. Standards are based on the fineness or diameter of the wool fiber. Samples show the maximum diameter/fineness of fiber for each of the grades. The collection includes includes wool standards for 1926, 1928, 1940, and 1966. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 124 Collection Name: Passmore, Deborah Griscom, Watercolor Collection Earliest Date: 1911 Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: The Deborah Griscom Passmore Watercolor Collection consist of an original manuscript "Flowers in Water Color: Wildflowers of America" by Deborah G. Passmore. There are 61 original, signed Passmore watercolors in this collection, as well as several signed sketches, unsigned works, and two watercolors signed by another artist, Dora Paxon. In the front of the manuscript, there is an anonymous, typescript biography of Passmore which is immediately followed by a brief, handwritten note detailing Passmore's death, and the signature of Carrie Harrison. (Her relationship to Passmore is unknown, but she may have been a botanist in the Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Department of Agriculture.) There are several newspaper obituaries pasted onto the end of the typescript, below Carrie Harrison's signature. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, on July 17, 1840, Deborah Griscom Passmore was educated in a Friends school and studied art under several famous artists including Thomas Moran. She also attended the School of Design and the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia before coming to Washington, D.C., where, in 1892, she took an appointment with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Division of Pomology. She painted for many exhibits and flowers and fruits in watercolor became her specialty. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Exploration; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 129 Collection Name: USDA Pink Bollworm Project Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1930 Latest Date: 1980 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The USDA Pink Bollworm Project Photograph Collection documents the work of the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration on bollworm detection, prevention, and quarantine measures. Photographs show scientists' process for cleansing the soil of bollworms, the appearance of infested fields, and the effect of bollworms on cotton and other plants. There are photographs of inspection sites in Texas and New Mexico; field clean-ups in Arizona; and an album presented to the Chief of the division, Paul A. Hoidale, in 1941. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Plant Quarantine and Control Administration (later the Bureau of Plant Quarantine) was established in 1928 as a central agency to regulate activities related to research on insects and plants. It took on the regulatory work of the Bureaus of Entomology and Plant Industry. This work was assigned to several divisions, including one for Pink Bollworm and Thurberia Control. The pink bollworm is considered to be one of the most important cotton pests in the United States, and several control programs have been created to reduce its negative impact on the economy. In 1934 the Bureau of Plant Quarantine merged with the Bureau of Entomology to form the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. As of 2004, research on the pink bollworm is being done by the Plant Protection and Quarantine program of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 136 Collection Name: Poultry Times Newspaper and Poultryman Newspaper Photograph Collection: American Poultry Historical Society Papers Collection Group: Poultry Science Collections Earliest Date: 1963 Latest Date: 1986 Linear Feet: 37.5 Collection Description: The Poultry Times Newspaper and Poultryman Newspaper Photograph Collection contains black and white negatives taken by the staff of Poultry Times, a weekly newspaper from Gainesville, Georgia, (1956-1985) and the Poultryman, a weekly newspaper from Vineland, New Jersey (1956-1969). Included are negatives of state poultry associations’ personnel and functions, universities’ personnel, U.S. Department of Agriculture and other organizations’ personnel and events, and poultry-related commercial firms’ personnel and products. The Poultry Times portrait file contains negatives and black and white photographs. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Poultry Times is published by Poultry and Egg News and includes news articles on research; technical development; and current trends in production, marketing, and pricing. There are reports of activities of industry organizations with an emphasis placed on regional news. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Poultry; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 143 Collection Name: Riley, Charles Valentine, Collection Earliest Date: 1868 Latest Date: 1919 Linear Feet: 12.75 Collection Description: The Charles Valentine Riley Collection consist of letters to Riley, unpublished lectures, notes, photographs, news clippings, reports, reprints, paintings, drawings, sketch books, books, and artifacts. The collection focuses on the history of entomology and the development of biological control of insects injurious to crops, and on Riley’s energetic efforts on its behalf during the latter part of the 19th century. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Charles Valentine Riley (1843-1895) was a visual artist and entomologist in the mid-19th century. Born in England, Riley settled in the United States in 1850. He had grown up studying and sketching insects, and he quickly began to apply his abilities while working for Prairie Farmer, a leading agricultural journal. In 1868 Riley was recommended for and appointed to the post of entomologist for the state of Missouri. In this capacity, he not only became a distinguished entomologist, but he also revolutionized the entire field of entomology. In 1878 Riley became the second Chief Entomologist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, succeeding Townend Glover. Riley held this position over a period of 17 years, having parted with the USDA briefly from 1880-1881 over a procedural dispute. During the 1880s Riley was also closely involved with the U.S. National Museum (currently the Smithsonian Institution), to whom he donated his collection of over 100,000 insect specimens. He served as an assistant curator for the museum, specializing in insects. Riley worked in both capacities until his death in 1895. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 146 Collection Name: Russell, Paul George, Papers Earliest Date: 1908 Latest Date: 1959 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Paul George Russell Papers consist of notes and drafts of his U.S. Department of Agriculture circular "Oriental Flowering Cherries" published in March 1934, clippings, photographs of his retirement in 1959, and biographical information. The circular provides facts on cultivation and historical details about varieties of ornamental cherries grown in the United States, including trees growing around the tidal basin in Washington, D.C. A published version of the circular is located in the general collection of the National Agricultural Library. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Botanist Paul George Russell (1889-1963), began his 50-year career with the federal government in 1908 as a scientific aide and clerk in the National Herbarium, U.S. National Museum. He accompanied J.N. Rose on botanical expeditions to Mexico (1910), the West Indies (1913), and South America (1915). From 1916-1959, Russell was employed with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Among his various responsibilities as botanist, he was in charge of the introduction of foreign trees upon their arrival in the United States. At the time of his retirement, he was part of the New Crops Research Branch of the Crops Research Division and was a national authority on the identification of plant species by seed alone. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 154 Collection Name: Skinner, William Woolford, Diary Earliest Date: 1942 Latest Date: 1944 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Wiliam Woolford Skinner Diary is a four-volume, typewritten diary consisting of daily entries from December 1942 to March 1944 about Skinner’s work as chief of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Historical or Biographical Sketch: William Woolford Skinner (1874-1953) was a chemist at the University of Maryland from 1895-1899 and at the University of Arizona from 1899-1904. He held various positions with U.S. Department of Agriculture, including Chief of the Water and Beverage Lab, Bureau of Chemistry, 1914-1921; Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, 1921-1927; Assistant Chief of chemistry and technical research, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, 1927-1935; Assistant Chief, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, 1935-1939; Associate Chief, Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, 1939-1942; and Chief, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, 1942-1944. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Physical Sciences; USDA History Collection Number: 155 Collection Name: USDA Small Fruit Improvement Programs Records Earliest Date: 1914 Latest Date: 1978 Bulk Dates: 1941-85 Linear Feet: 21 Collection Description: The USDA Small Fruit Improvement Programs Records contain numerous items. Donald H. Scott’s strawberry, blueberry, and blackberry field notebooks (1950-78), Scott’s work notes (1941-70), Scott’s and George M. Darrow’s photographs for illustrations of USDA bulletins, and blackberry records of John Hull (1961-69). Files from the office of Gene Galletta include: Strawberry records (1953-1969), grape papers (1946-1967), correspondence files (1947-72), and raspberry/blackberry files (1917-52). Photographs, artwork, and negatives used for plates in various USDA publications (1949-83) Drafts of publications and final copies of bulletins. Miscellanous photographs, slides, and acetate and glass negatives of fruit, 1914-85. Both black and white and color included. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Scott, Donald H. (b. 1911) received a B.S. in Agriculture from North Dakota Agricultural College and became an assistant horticulturist there from 1936-37. His first position with USDA was as a junior geneticist for the Bureau of Plant Industry’s Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases in Beltsville, Maryland, in 1937. From 1937-41, he worked on breeding investigations with stone fruit, mainly peach breeding and production problems and supervision of those operations at the U.S. Horticultural Station. In 1942 he moved from Beltsville to headquarters in Cheyenne, Wyoming. As an associate geneticist, he assisted in planning and conducted an extensive program of fruit and breeding work with tomatoes, squashes, strawberries, and other fruits and vegetables. By 1946, Scott relocated to Beltsville and as geneticist, he planned and conducted extensive investigations on the breeding and production of small fruit crops, particularly grapes, strawberries, and blueberries. Scott continued working for USDA as a horticulturist and research horticulturist until his retirement in 1975. George M. Darrow (1889-1983), who was known as the foremost American authority on strawberries, worked for the United States Department of Agriculture for 46 years (1911- 1957) as a pomologist and small fruits breeder. Dr. Gene J. Galletta was research geneticist and leader of the Small Fruit Improvement and Disease Biology Project of the USDA Fruit Laboratory at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center upon his retirement in 1997. He contributed 22 years of his career with the federal government, including 18 years as the North Carolina State Cooperator with the Small Fruit Improvement Program led by Scott. He and his cooperators introduced over 50 new strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry cultivars. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 157 Collection Name: Smith, Floyd Franklin, Papers Earliest Date: 1924 Latest Date: 1970 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The Floyd Franklin Smith Papers include reprints of his articles, and U.S. Department of Agriculture circulars and bulletins of his writings. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Floyd Franklin Smith (1900-1984) worked as an entomologist at the USDA for 40 years and was recognized as an international authority on the biology and control of insect pests of flowers and ornamental plants. In 1929 Smith served as an associate entomologist with the Bureau of Entomology, stationed at Arlington Farms in Rosslyn, Virginia. From 1931 until the time of his retirement in 1970, Smith served as an entomologist for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Truck Crop and Garden Insects Sections. He wrote and contributed to approximately 348 publications on insects and plants. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 160 Collection Name: Spillman, Ramsay, Manuscript Earliest Date: 1940 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Ramsay Spillman Manuscript is typewritten (original with author; copy prepared by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics) and is titled “A Biography of William Jasper Spillman” (453 leaves) was written by son Ramsay Spillman. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1894, William Jasper Spillman (1863-1931) began his career as professor of agriculture at Washington State College, where he undertook extensive experiments to develop winter wheat varieties at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) experiment station. Among his many achievements, Spillman organized USDA’s Office of Farm Management and was instrumental in the establishment of a nationwide system of cooperative extension work. In recognition of his achievements, his associates elected him as the first president of the American Farm Economic Association. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 162 Collection Name: Street, Harold Kent, Papers Earliest Date: 1955 Latest Date: 1977 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The Harold Kent Street Papers include resumes, official correspondence related to his various positions at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, newspaper clippings, unpublished works, photographs, and the article "The Restless Earth" by Nigel Calder. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Harold Kent Street (1931-1981) was an agricultural journalist who worked in both the public and private sectors. Street was employed by several agencies within the U.S. Department of Agriculture during the mid-1960s and late 1970s including: the Agricultural Research Service (ARS); the Farm Credit Administration; and the Farmers’ Home Administration. In the private sector, Street served as an agricultural reporter for the American Banker Newspaper, The Dakota Farmer, The Hartford Courant, Successful Farming, Agri-Finance, The Rural New Yorker, and the University of Connecticut, as well as an editor for publications at Kraft Foods and the Independent Bankers’ Association of America. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 170 Collection Name: Thom, Charles, Papers Earliest Date: 1891 Latest Date: 1968 Linear Feet: 10 Collection Description: The Charles Thom Papers range from materials from Thom's college years to biographical memoirs published after his death. The collection includes correspondence, notes, notebooks, essays, lectures, speeches, diaries, and journals; published items including monographs, journal articles, and newspaper clippings; and lantern slides from professional trips. The majority of the collection focuses on soil microbiology, mycology, food spoilage, food poisoning, and penicillin. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Charles Thom (1872-1956) worked in various capacities for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for over 40 years. In 1904, he began working for the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, where he remained as mycologist in charge of cheese investigations until 1913. By 1927 he was head of the Division of Soil Microbiology of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. After his retirement, he carried out inspections for the War Food Administration. Throughout his career, Thom was involved in important research with two genera of mold: Aspergillus and Penicillium. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Physical Sciences; Plant Science; Human Nutrition; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 174 Collection Name: USDA Tobacco Market News Service Records Earliest Date: 1920 Latest Date: 1975 Linear Feet: 22 Collection Description: The USDA Tobacco Market News Service Records contain historical information on the Tobacco Market News Service (1928-1971); tobacco inspection (1927-1963); stocks, standards, and grading (pre-1929-1935); and auctions (1929-1962). There are correspondence, notes, and copies of tobacco annual reports (1932-1953); major legislation (1933-1952); and hearings and testimony (1947-1950). With the development of World War II, there are wartime regulation summaries and reports of tobacco activities (1941-1948); material related to tobacco agreements made with other countries after the war (1945-1952); and notes and reports of U.S. Department of Agriculture committees meeting after the war (1947-1951). Additional materials include correspondence of the tobacco division for the years 1949 and 1950; notes and publications relating to the main USDA Market News Service, which was the head of all of the individual agriculture commodities, including tobacco (1948-1964); files relating to the Tennessee Burley Tobacco Grower’s Association (1946-1960); black and white photographs; and various types of maps. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1931 the Tobacco Market News Service started its work within the Tobacco Section of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Employees followed sales and prices at the tobacco auctions, and talked to growers, buyers' representatives, and warehousemen to better interpret the day's markets in their reports. The different offices of the service dealt with a particular type of tobacco, compiled their statistics, and issued mimeographed market news reports daily and weekly to the public. Tobacco Market News provided tobacco growers, the tobacco trade, and other interested persons with timely information on prices, sales, and marketing conditions on the tobacco auction markets. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Economics; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 176 Collection Name: True, Alfred Charles, Papers Earliest Date: 1847 Latest Date: 1929 Linear Feet: 9 Collection Description: The Alfred CharlesTrue Papers include manuscripts, notes, and drafts of works True was engaged in writing, as well as papers and documents that he accumulated for historical research between 1900 and 1929. The materials reflect his interest in agricultural history and relate especially to his trilogy histories on research, education, and extension work. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Alfred Charles True (1853-1929) was Chief of the Office of Experiment Stations from 1893-1915 and director of the State Relations Service from 1915-1923. Processed: Yes, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Economics; USDA History Collection Number: 179 Collection Name: USDA Buildings Architectural Drawings Collection Earliest Date: 1901 Latest Date: 1903 Linear Feet: 1.5 Collection Description: The USDA Buildings Architectural Drawings Collection (ca. 1920) consists of plans of U.S. Department of Agriculture buildings, specifically the administration building, lab buildings, and a view of the National Mall area. There are eight architects’ drawings mounted on pasteboard which were made by the architectural firm Raukin, Kellogg, and Crane, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The buldings were to be located on the north portion of the grounds at that time and in conformity with the plan of the Commission on the Improvement of the Park System. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 180 Collection Name: USDA Foreign Agricultural Affairs Representation, Foreign Visitor Protocol Office Collection Earliest Date: 1896 Latest Date: 1991 Linear Feet: 12 Collection Description: The USDA Foreign Agricultural Affairs Representation, Foreign Visitor Protocol Office Collection consists of items from foreign countries or American organizations which were presented as gifts to various U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) officials. There are also dies of the USDA seal, including the original die from Bailey Banks & Biddle Co., 1896. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Collection Number: 181 Collection Name: USDA Graduate School Records Earliest Date: 1921 Latest Date: 1976 Linear Feet: 16.75 Collection Description: The USDA Graduate School Records contain catalogs, schedules of classes, annual reports, newsletters, promotional materials, newspaper articles, lectures, publications, legal memoranda and correspondence, history of origin, 25th and 50th anniversary materials, self-evaluation and long range planning information, regulations and operating procedures, general administration, educational statistics, filmstrip, and an audio tape. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Graduate School of the U.S. Department of Agriculture was established in 1921 by the Secretary of Agriculture to stimulate and encourage post-entry education and to offer opportunities for the education and training of employees. The department was primarily concerned with providing further educational opportunities for its younger scientists. The school did not grant degrees and not all of its work was at the graduate level. Furthermore, the curriculum was planned to offer specific courses not usually given by colleges and universities for a given type of government work. There was a cooperative agreement between the school and the University of Maryland in which the resources of each institution were made available to students. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 182 Collection Name: USDA History Collection Earliest Date: 1761 Latest Date: 1997 Bulk Dates: 1914-1994 Linear Feet: 819.5 Collection Description: The USDA History Collection documents the work of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), its staff and agencies. It is particularly strong concerning the activities of the Secretaries of Agriculture, their assistants and staffs, especially for the administrations of Henry Agard Wallace, Ezra Taft Benson, and Orville Lothrop Freeman. Large sections of the records relate to the USDA's response to such crises as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression; droughts, floods and other disasters; and the changes brought about by the economic and technological developments of the 20th century. In addition, there are records or copies of records documenting the earliest years, as well as material covering the entire history of agriculture in the Americas. The collection includes letters, memoranda, reports, speeches, press releases, organizational charts, statistical tables, pamphlets, booklets, clippings, newsletters, scrapbooks, annual reports, audio and video tapes, oral histories and photographs, relating to the activities of the USDA and the history of agriculture. Also included are papers and writings of USDA staff and other individuals on agricultural history, correspondence and other records of the Agricultural and Rural History Section, and a small group of letters, account books, diaries, and other manuscript materials relating to U.S. agriculture dating from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. Subjects covered include the production, distribution, and marketing of agricultural commodities; price supports and the management of surpluses; research, education, and technology; land use and conservation; rural development and other sociological aspects of agriculture; international trade, international food aid, and technical assistance; the administration of the USDA; and the USDA's relationships with the U.S. Congress and Executive Branch, with states and counties, and with agricultural interest groups and citizens. A small but unique and very valuable segment includes manuscript material such as letters, account books, diaries, and other items relating to agriculture dating from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. There are also photographs, oral histories, and the papers of former members of the Agricultural and Rural History Section. While many of the documents are duplicates gathered from departmental files, including carbon copies, photocopies, and transcriptions, there are many original letters, memoranda, reports, and newspaper clippings in the collection, including materials received or collected from sources outside of USDA. Many of these records may be duplicated in other repositories, but to find all the materials on a given topic, a researcher might have to consult several different record groups or collections at a number of institutions. The greatest strength of these records lies in their grouping as a whole as the best single resource for the history of USDA. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The USDA History Collection consists of materials gathered by the former Agricultural and Rural History Section of the Economic Research Service. That section was closed in 1994. These papers were created as practical research files to be used as tools for historians and others interested in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 183 Collection Name: USDA and National Cancer Institute (NCI) Plant Collections Records Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1959 Latest Date: 1980 Linear Feet: 9.5 Collection Description: The USDA and National Cancer Institute (NCI) Plant Collections Records consist of 36 "active books." Each "active book" is a three-ring binder containing individual "active sheets," forms that were used for recording collection and antitumor activity data on plant species within specific geographic areas. The purpose of the "active sheets" was not to record data on antitumor activity, but to maintain a procurement status file on plants collected in approximately 40 geographic areas. Active sheets were filed alphabetically by genus and species name within the geographic book, and color-coded tabs were used to indicate the status of activity and positioned on each sheet in such a way as to indicated whether a recollection was needed or not needed. When many tabs pointed outward in an active book, it would signal a need for U.S. Department of Agriculture botanists to conduct plant exploration for recollections--species that were collected again because of a previous collection that was active. Historical or Biographical Sketch: For more than two decades, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the National Cancer Institute collaborated on collecting data on plants, referred to as antitumor active or cytotoxic, to be used in research for treating/curing cancer. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 184 Collection Name: USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection (Fruit and Nut Watercolors and Wax Models) Earliest Date: 1888 Latest Date: 1939 Linear Feet: 70 Collection Description: The USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection contains approximately 7,000 watercolor drawings of fruit and nuts created by artists employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Division of Pomology from 1888 to the1930s. The first artist was William Prestele. Credit information written by each artist on each watercolor includes name of property owner, county, city, and state where specimen was grown. Many of the specimens were grown in Maryland. The collection also includes 85 wax fruit models. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1887 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Division of Pomology began hiring artists to render illustrations of fruit varieties for lithographic reproduction in USDA articles, reports, and bulletins. Use of color lithography was critically important to enable the farmer to visualize and comprehend the subjects and principles covered in a particular publication. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Digitization Status: Portion of collection digitized Collection Number: 185 Collection Name: U.S. Forest Service History Collection Earliest Date: 1890 Latest Date: 1991 Bulk Dates: 1940-1979 Linear Feet: 91.25 Collection Description: The U.S. Forest Service History Collection contains forester field notes, photographs, negatives, slides, films, videos, audio cassettes, albums, manuals, speeches, t-shirts, pins, oral histories, and other files related to U.S. Forest Service history. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1876 Congress passed a bill that established the forest administration in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Franklin B. Hough was appointed as special agent to report on the condition of the forests and how to preserve them. The results of his study revealed that forests were beneficial to climate, streamflow, and soil and it was necessary to preserve and renew forests. By 1878 the forest administration became the Division of Forestry. The Forest Service as it is known today was largely due to the work of former Chief Gifford Pinchot and his 11 employees who popularized the concept of forest conservation in 1898. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Forestry; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Audiovisuals; Posters; Photographs Collection Number: 186 Collection Name: U.S. National Arboretum Records Earliest Date: 1910 Latest Date: 1985 Linear Feet: 34.5 Collection Description: The U.S. National Arboretum Records consist of legislation, Advisory Council papers, correspondence, maps, photographs, field-trip notes, herbarium index files, bound Service Lot Reports, plant indexes, files of staff (John L. Creech and Frederick G. Meyer), cherry tree files, taxonomic information, Fred Meyer files, and brochures from miscellaneous arboreta and botanical gardens. There are documents related to Fern Valley, including photographs, cards, programs, newspaper articles, and albums which were collected by volunteer Margaret Donnald. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Administered by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. National Arboretum was established in 1927 to conduct research, provide education, and conserve and display trees, shrubs, flowers, and other plants to enhance the environment. Today's research includes trees, shrubs, turf, and floral plants; development of new technologies for the floral and nursery industries; development of plants with superior characteristics through a program of testing and genetic improvement; development of new methods of pest and disease detection and control; taxonomy and nomenclature of ornamental plants and their wild relatives; and collection and preservation of plant germplasm with ornamental potential. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 189 Collection Name: Norwood, Lewis F., Collection on the Joint Committee to Study the Cooperative Extension Service Earliest Date: 1945 Latest Date: 1967 Bulk Dates: 1966-67 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The Lewis F.Norwood Collection on the Joint Committee to Study the Cooperative Extension Service includes publications related to the Extension Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), meeting minutes, memoranda, draft documents, reports, letters, and guidelines for interviews with land-grant universities. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Lewis F. Norwood, Jr., served as Chairman of the Subcommittee on Purpose and Objectives, Task Force to Study the Cooperative Extension Service. The Cooperative Extension Service (CES) consisted of a partnership between state land-grant colleges/universities and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in cooperation with local governments and people in order to aid and diffuse among the people of the United States useful and practical information as provided for by legislation. Its main function was to educate the people on farming and homemaking. A Joint Committee to Study the Cooperative Extension Service was formed to anaylze and evaluate contributions of the CES, to review basic administrative and operational relationships between the USDA and respective land-grant universities, to examine the functions exercised by the CES in relationship to other entension and and extension-related programs of various executive departments of the federal government, and to project the future scope of the CES in order that it may make the maximum contribution to local, state, and national goals and needs of the people it served. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 192 Collection Name: Wallace, Henry Agard, Papers Earliest Date: 1933 Latest Date: 1942 Bulk Dates: 1933-1940 Linear Feet: 4.25 Collection Description: The Henry Agard Wallace Papers include press releases of addresses and statements made by Wallace while he was secretary of agriculture (1933-40) and newspaper clippings about Wallace while secretary of agriculture and during his first year as Vice President of the United States. There is also a copy of the typescript, "The Reminiscences of Henry Agard Wallace," Volume 2, 1935-39, pages 310-643, and Volume 3, January-March 1940, pages 644-991. Wallace pencilled notes on several pages of the typescript. The typescript was published and is owned by the Library of Congress. See also: Enzler, Clarence Joseph Papers Historical or Biographical Sketch: Wallace (1888-1965) was associate editor (1910-24) and editor (1924-29) of Wallaces’ Farmer, editor (1929-33) of Iowa Homestead and Wallaces’ Farmer, secretary of agriculture (1933-40), vice president of the U.S. (1941-45), secretary of commerce (1945-46), and editor of New Republic (from 1946). He was the son of Henry Cantwell Wallace, the seventh Secretary of Agriculture. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 198 Collection Name: USDA Organization for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1914, Broadside Earliest Date: 1914 Linear Feet: 2.75 Collection Description: The USDA Organization for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1914, Broadside is titled "United States Department of Agriculture Organization for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1914" and was prepared by N.E. Fealey. The broadside includes budget figures. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 200 Collection Name: Wiser, Vivian, Manuscript Earliest Date: 1964 Latest Date: 1967 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Vivian Wiser Manuscript consists of seven chapters about U.S. Department of Agriculture history from the founding of the nation to 1938. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Vivian Wiser was a historian for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service. Born on a farm in New York, Wiser attended the University of Maryland for her bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D degrees. Employed by the federal government for over 33 years, she worked at the National Archives for 11 years and the history group of the USDA for 19 years. She is coauthor of Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States Department of Agriculture (1963) and has published bulletins and articles in historical journals. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 210 Collection Name: Knipling, Edward Fred, Papers: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1906 Latest Date: 2003 Bulk Dates: 1930-1990 Linear Feet: 59 Collection Description: The Edward Fred Knipling Papers are part of the larger Screwworm Eradication Program Records. This collection covers all of the areas of entomology researched by Knipling during his career with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), including his early research on the screwworm and the eradication efforts in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, and the Southeast United States in the 1950s. His research included parasite control methods and work on the boll weevil, fruit fly, tsetse fly, European corn borer, and various species of ticks and moths. In addition, the collection reflects Knipling’s continued activity in entomology after his 1973 retirement from the USDA. Materials included are correspondence, publications, manuscripts, reports, photographs, research data, notes, speeches, awards, artifacts, and biographical data. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Edward Fred Knipling (1909-2000) was a world-famous entomologist and theorist. His contributions featured the parasitoid augmentation technique, insect control methods involving the medication of the hosts, and various models of total insect population management. He was best known, however, for the sterile insect technique (SIT), which was employed in screwworm eradication efforts in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, Florida, Texas, Mexico, and parts of Central America. Knipling studied entomology at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University) and Iowa State College (now University), and worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) from 1930-1973; Knipling continued to serve as a collaborator with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) at the USDA and remained active in the field of entomology until 2000. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 211 Collection Name: Southwestern United States and Mexico Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1922 Latest Date: 2004 Bulk Dates: 1960-1990 Linear Feet: 58 Collection Description: The Southwestern United States and Mexico Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records contain research and production records related to sterile fly production plants in Mission, Texas, and Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Included in the records are reports, research data, correspondence, fly production and release records, manuscripts, manuals and regulations, publications, notes, case reports, photographs, public information materials, and artifacts. The predominant language is English, though there are materials in Spanish as well. Materials originally located in this collection relating to Central America, the Caribbean, and North Africa have been removed. Historical or Biographical Sketch: These materials document agricultural programs to eliminate the New World screwworm from the North American continent. A flesh-eating pest of warm-blooded animals, the screwworm was brought under control using the Sterile Insect Technique, which emphasizes biological control methods. The technique uses large numbers of reared sterile flies to overwhelm and eliminate the wild fertile population through interbreeding. These records focus on research activities which supported eradication in the United States and Mexico. Much of the collection relates to field research, the development of effective fly strains for mass rearing and distribution, and information about the release of sterile flies. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 212 Collection Name: Southeastern United States Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1932 Latest Date: 1959 Bulk Dates: 1950-1959 Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: The Southeast United States: Screwworm Eradication Program Records consist of documents describing various early proposals for eradicating the screwworm, the experiments and field tests in Florida and Curacao, the rearing and transportation of sterile flies, the building of fly-rearing facilities in Florida, the use of radiation to sterilize flies, treatments for wounded animals and the eradication program itself in the Southeast. The materials include surveys, reports, correspondence, research, and test data including radiation and treatment, and publications. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Southeast United States: Screwworm Eradication Program Records document the successful eradication of the New World screwworm (Cochliomyia americana) from Curacao and the U.S. Southeast. A flesh-eating pest of warm-blooded animals, the screwworm was brought under control using the Sterile Insect Technique, which emphasizes biological control methods. The technique uses large numbers of reared sterile flies to overwhelm and eliminate the wild fertile population through interbreeding. Reared flies are irradiated to render them sexually sterile. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Collection Number: 213 Collection Name: Owen Hugh Graham Papers: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1879 Latest Date: 1998 Bulk Dates: 1960-1990 Linear Feet: 14 Collection Description: The Owen Hugh Graham: Screwworm Eradication Program Records relate to eradication efforts in Florida, the U.S. Southwest, Mexico, Central America and North Africa. Materials include correspondence, reports, publications, maps, charts, photographs, public information materials, and manuscripts. Most items are in English, with some in Spanish and a few articles in French. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Owen Hugh Graham (1917-present) Papers document aspects of the effort to eliminate the New World screwworm from the North American continent. A flesh-eating pest of warm-blooded animals, the screwworm was brought under control using the Sterile Insect Technique, which emphasizes biological control methods. The technique uses large numbers of reared sterile flies to overwhelm and eliminate the wild fertile population through interbreeding. As a research entomologist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Graham was involved in screwworm research over a period of years and was Director of the USDA Agricultural Research Service's Screwworm Research Laboratory at Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, from 1981-1984. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 214 Collection Name: Promotional Materials: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1976 Latest Date: 2003 Linear Feet: 10 Collection Description: Promotional Materials: Screwworm Eradication Program Records include items relating to screwworm eradication programs in the U.S. Southwest, Mexico, Central America, and North Africa. There are public information and promotional materials such as baseball caps, mugs, calendars, key rings and bumper stickers, publications and brochures, photographs, fly case collection reports, 16-millimeter films, and fly distribution artifacts. Historical or Biographical Sketch: These promotional materials collected by Paul T. "Tommy" Stanford (b. 1955), document agricultural programs to eliminate the New World screwworm from the North American continent. Stanford has been involved in aspects of screwworm eradication programs since the 1980s and is Facilities and Administrative Manager for the Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center in Weslaco, Texas. He also provides administrative support to the Agricultural Research Service Screwworm Research teams located in Mexico and Panama. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 215 Collection Name: Audiovisual Materials: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Linear Feet: 7 Collection Description: Collection includes photographs, slides, and films portraying the screwworm eradication efforts in the U.S., Mexico, and South America. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Screwworm Audiovisual materials document aspects of the effort to eliminate the New World screwworm from North American and South America. A flesh-eating pest of warm-blooded animals, the screwworm was brought under control using the Sterile Insect Technique, which emphasizes biological control methods. The technique uses large numbers of reared sterile flies to overwhelm and eliminate the wild fertile population through interbreeding. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals; Photographs Digitization Status: None Collection Number: 218 Collection Name: People on the Farm Program Records Earliest Date: 1976 Latest Date: 1983 Bulk Dates: 1976-83 Linear Feet: 7.5 Collection Description: The People on the Farm Program Records include correspondence, notes, drafts, manuscripts, photographs, and contacts sheets for the "People on the Farm" leaflet series produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture from 1977-1982. The collection includes a complete set of the publications, titled: "People on the Farm: Dairying"; "People on the Farm: Growing Wheat"; "People on the Farm: Growing Vegetables"; "People on the Farm: Black Families"; "People on the Farm: Growing Oranges"; "People on the Farm: Broiler Growers"; "People on the Farm: Corn and Hog Farming"; "People on the Farm: Raising Beef Cattle"; "Visiting People on a Dairy Farm"; and "A Teacher's Guide to People on the Farm." Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 220 Collection Name: Imle, Ernest, Papers Earliest Date: 1940 Latest Date: 2000 Bulk Dates: 1940-1980 Linear Feet: 13.5 Collection Description: The Ernest Imle Papers include photographs, reports, and articles about U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) rubber research from the 1940s to the 1970s, primarily at the Regional Rubber Experiment Station. Additionally, there are articles and correspondence on tropical agriculture, including cacao, and publications on lilies. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Ernest Imle (b. 1910), a plant pathologist, began working for USDA in 1942. He was director of the Regional Rubber Experiment Station in Turrialba, Costa Rica, from 1945-1954, botanist for the Plant Introduction Section from 1955-1957, director of research at the American Cocoa Research Institute from 1957-1971, and assistant director of the International Programs Division of the Agricultural Research Service from 1971-1998. His research interests included improvement and diseases of tropical crops, research and training needs in tropical agriculture, plant introduction, and quarantine and germ plasm problems. Imle developed budding techniques for the rapid production of commercial plants with a vigorous rootstock, a high-yielding stem and a blight-resistant crown. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Science; Natural Resources; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 223 Collection Name: U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records Earliest Date: 1886 Latest Date: 1987 Linear Feet: 188.25 Collection Description: The U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records contain photographs, line drawings, lantern slides, and negatives of animal parasites. Many of the drawings were used as illustrations for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) publications. There are copies of articles, reprints, and several manuscripts, materials on the history of animal parasitology in USDA, including biographical information, photographs, and documents prepared for the centennial anniversary of the Bureau of Animal Industry. There is a chart created by parasitologist Cooper Curtis which he used in a presentation before the Biological Society of Washington in 1934. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1884, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) established the Bureau of Animal Industry. In 1891, the bureau was divided into four sections; parasite research was assigned to the "Zoological Laboratory" of the Division of Animal Pathology. Charles Wardell Stiles started the Parasite Collection and the Index-Catalogue of Medical Veterinary Zoology with his assistant, Albert Hassall. When the USDA eliminated its system of bureaus in 1953, the parasitology lab of the Zoological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry became the Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory of the Animal Disease and Parasitic Research Branch of the Agricultural Research Service. By the end of the 1960s, the name changed to the National Animal Parasite Laboratory. Since 1972, this unit has been known as the Animal Parasitology Institute. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 224 Collection Name: USDA Leather and Paper Laboratory Records Earliest Date: 1904 Latest Date: 1986 Linear Feet: 8.75 Collection Description: The USDA Leather and Paper Laboratory Records include notebooks of specimen records, black and white photographs of animal and fish hides and skins, and publications. Historical or Biographical Sketch: On July 1, 1904, the Secretary of Agriculture established a laboratory in the Bureau of Chemistry charged with the investigation of problems of a chemical and chemical-technical nature relating to the paper and leather industries. The need for the laboratory was based on an increased demand for information on tanning materials and the study of leathers in regard to composition, strength, appearance, and durability. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 227 Collection Name: Swab, Joseph, Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1969 Latest Date: 1998 Bulk Dates: 1987-98 Linear Feet: 44 Collection Description: The NAL Activities Photographs were compiled by one of the National Agricultural Library’s (NAL) photographers, Joseph Swab. There are 116 photograph albums consisting of approximately 16,000 photographs, negatives, contact sheets, and slides. These albums contain Swab’s work as well as that of other NAL photographers, including Dan Starr, who photographed from 1989-1993. Subjects include the NAL building and renovation efforts, employees, meetings, events, and exhibits. The bulk dates range from 1987-1998. Additionally, Swab, as editor of NAL's newsletter Agricultural Libraries Information Notes (ALIN), saved photographs and negatives used for the production of ALIN from 1985-1997. All of these photographs were transferred to Special Collections for storage upon Swab’s retirement in 2003. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 233 Collection Name: USDA Office of the Appointment Clerk Records Earliest Date: 1915 Latest Date: 1918 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The USDA Office of the Appointment Clerk Records is a bound volume of copies of charges of misconduct letters written to USDA employees and signed by Secretary of Agriculture Houston for the period October 27, 1915, through April 12, 1918. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 234 Collection Name: New Guinea Impatiens Collection Earliest Date: 1971 Latest Date: 1985 Linear Feet: 4.25 Collection Description: The New Guinea Impatiens Collection, gathered and maintained by Robert J. Armstrong, contains a pedigree book from Longwood Gardens Breeding program; slides showing the original New Guinea impatiens collection and the progeny developed from them at Longwood; and letters, memoranda, reports, brochures, and press releases concerning the breeding program. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service and Longwood Foundation of Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, jointly sponsored an expedition to the subtropical highlands of Australian New Guinea from January to April 1970. Horticulturists Harold F. Winters and J. J. Higgins collected impatiens, which were released by USDA Plant Genetics and Germplasm Research Institute in February 1972 to nurserymen, plant breeders, and other scientists. Geneticist Robert J. Armstrong bred new varieties with ornamental leaves at Longwood Gardens. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 237 Collection Name: USDA Entomology Research Division Records Earliest Date: 1939 Latest Date: 1971 Bulk Dates: 1951-1959 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The USDA Entomology Research Division Records consist of articles written by employees in collaboration with other scientists about different aspects of entomology. These records include reprints of articles, a majority of which are about the use of pesticides to control insects. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Entomology Research Division (ERD) existed under the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) from 1953-1971. In its entire existence, the only person to serve as director of the ERD was Edward F. Knipling, a pioneer of insect eradication techniques and principles. One of the major areas of research during the ERD years was screwworm eradication. This division was originally named the Division of Entomology when it was formed in 1863. Early heads of this division included Townend Glover and Charles Valentine Riley. Early research included the development of insect control and eradication practices, as well as the identification of insects and their life cycles. In 1904 the Division of Entomology reached bureau status, and research greatly expanded to include many more laboratories around the country and the creation of new inspection procedures to prevent insect pest infestation. In 1934 the Bureau of Entomology merged with the Bureau of Plant Quarantine to form the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. This new bureau was able to more efficiently cover more research topics. After the USDA reorganization of 1953, entomology research was placed under its own division of the ARS. This division was abolished in 1972, and its research functions were assigned to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 238 Collection Name: USDA Staff Directories Collection Earliest Date: 1932 Latest Date: 1998 Linear Feet: 5 Collection Description: The USDA Staff Directories Collection consists of telephone and staff directories for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, and some other units of USDA. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 241 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Statistics Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1910 Latest Date: 1910 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Statistics Photograph Collection consists of seven glass negatives, ca. 1910, which are images of statisticians and clerks at work in their offices. There are several glass plates of Victor H. Olmsted, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, with other members of the Crop Reporting Board, including Assistant Secretary of Agriculture Willet Martin Hays. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Crop Reporting Board prepared the final monthly crop reports and was composed of the Chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Statistics as chairman; the Assistant Chief of the bureau; an expert statistician in the employ of the bureau; and two changeable members--special field agents or state statistical agents--who were called to Washington, D.C., for this service in preparing each crop. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 244 Collection Name: USDA Division of Farm Population and Rural Life Records Earliest Date: 1935 Latest Date: 1953 Bulk Dates: 1936-1946 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The USDA Division of Farm Population and Rural Life Records consist of reports, manuscripts, and unpublished addresses cited in Sociology in Government: A Bibliography of the Work of the Division of Farm Population and Rural Life, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1919-1953 (Olaf Frederick Larson, Edward O. Moe, and Julie Nadine Zimmerman, Westview Press in cooperation with the American Sociological Association and the Rural Sociological Society, 1992). Also included are several additional reports and memoranda not cited in the book, but related to the subject. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Division of Farm Population and Rural Life existed under the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE). The division was established in 1919, and it was the first unit in the history of the federal government to have the sole purpose of conducting sociological research. During the 1910s and 1920s, work was done to build up knowledge about rural life. The research was based on farm population, the organization of rural communities, family life, and standards of living on farms. During the Depression era, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, there was higher demand for information from new agricultural agencies like the Agricultural Adjustment Agency, the Farm Security Administration, and the Soil Conservation Service. The research being done helped to develop programs to improve living conditions for the rural and farm population of the United States. During World War II, research in the division was strictly directed toward winning the war. Much of the research being done was designated for dissemination only within the federal government. Upon the reorganization of the USDA in 1953, the functions of the BAE were split between the Agricultural Research Service and the Agricultural Marketing Service, and the division faded away. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 245 Collection Name: USDA Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1898 Latest Date: 1951 Bulk Dates: 1903-1930 Linear Feet: 51.5 Collection Description: The USDA Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases Photograph Collection contains glass and acetate negatives as well as black and white prints. Subjects include aspects of cereal crop classification, production, utilization, farm machinery, diseases, and pests in the United States and foreign countries. Crops include corn, barley, oats, sorghum, sorgo, milo, millet, wheat, flax, rice, rye, and kafir. A number of the negatives were used in the Journal of Agricultural Research; U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletins, circulars, and yearbooks; and other reports. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Bureau of Plant Industry created a Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases in 1938, due to the expanding functions of the Bureau related to the reorganization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The work of this division involved various aspects of crop pathology and physiology, as well as several important diseases greatly affecting crops. This division became part of the Field Crops Divisions of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering in 1946; the Field Crops Group in 1951; and the Field Crops Research Branch of the Agricultural Research Service (as the Cereal Crops Section) in 1953. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 247 Collection Name: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Records Bulk Dates: 1960s-1980s Linear Feet: 57.5 Collection Description: The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Records consist of reports on agricultural trade; U.S. agreements with foreign governments; copies of Title I, Public Law 480 (Food for Peace) documents; and agricultural assessments of other nations. There is information on the agricultural status of all countries, not only U.S. trading partners. Other generating offices include the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of the General Sales Manager, and the Commodity Credit Corporation. Files are arranged by country. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Division of Foreign Agricultural Service, Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE), was created in 1930 as a result of the passing of the Foreign Agricultural Service Act. The task of the division was to work with foreign trade relations and policies connected to agriculture, primarily with the cooperation of the Department of State. In 1938, the functions of the division were taken from the BAE and placed directly under the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture. This created the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS). In 1939, the FAS was succeeded by the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations (OFAR). During the reorganization of the USDA in 1953, a new Foreign Agricultural Service was created, and continued the role of the OFAR. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 248 Collection Name: USDA Animal Husbandry Division Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1904 Latest Date: 1954 Bulk Dates: 1923-1954 Linear Feet: 25 Collection Description: The USDA Animal Husbandry Division Photograph Collection contains acetate and glass photographic negatives of animals such as cattle, pigs, swine, poultry, sheep, quail, hare, rabbits, and mink. Also included are negatives of Bureau of Animal Industry employees. Images were taken in Beltsville, Maryland, and other locations within the United States and foreign countries. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture had recognized animal husbandry as a unique sector in 1901, it was not until 1910 that the Animal Husbandry Division was established under the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI). The research performed in the division focused on the breeding and feeding of animals that were of most importance to agricultural and military productivity and food production. Key areas of research included cattle, horses, and poultry production. Soon after its establishment, the Animal Husbandry Division moved its research facilities to the new research center in Beltsville, Maryland. It remained directly under the BAI until the formation of the Agricultural Research Service, which abolished the BAI and split its functions accordingly. The former Animal Husbandry Division is now under the current Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 249 Collection Name: USDA Insecticide Division Notebooks on White Arsenic Earliest Date: 1922 Latest Date: 1946 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The USDA Insecticide Division Notebooks on White Arsenic are notebooks of scientists who worked on white arsenic research in the Insecticide Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. Names on notebooks include F.E. Dearborn, Charles Meldrum Smith, Ole Anker Nelson, Lloyd E. Smith, J.W. Barnes, Cecil Robert Gross, J. Weisser, Carroll Clayton Cassil, E.H. Hamilton, Robert K. Preston, Robert A. Hayes, N. Green, Houston Vernon Claborn, and W.H. Tonkin. Historical or Biographical Sketch: USDA research on insecticides began in 1910 with the Insecticide and Fungicide Board of the Bureau of Chemistry. In 1927 the Bureau of Chemistry merged with the Bureau of Soils and the soil-related divisions of the Bureau of Plant Industry to form the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. Research on insecticides continued under the broad research subject group "Chemical and Technological Research." In 1934 the Insecticide Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils was transferred to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The main research goal of the Insecticide Division was to find and regulate chemical solutions suitable for the control of insect pests, especially those affecting crops and other plants. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; Physical Sciences; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 251 Collection Name: Terrill, Clair Elman, Collection Earliest Date: 1912 Latest Date: 1978 Bulk Dates: 1930s-60s Linear Feet: 66 Collection Description: The Clair Elman Terrill Collection contains proofs and photographs for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) bulletins and circulars, sheep and goat registry and breeding records, a card catalog of rabbit publications, and black and white photographs of rabbits and related subjects. There are papers related to the U.S. Rabbit Experiment Station in Fontana, California, and the U.S. Fur Experiment Station in Ithaca, New York. Also included are photographs, glass and acetate negatives, equipment, and wool samples used in Hardy's work for the U.S. Animal Husbandry Experiment Station (part of the USDA Division of Animal Husbandry) and his Thin Cross-Section Device. There are records of the Sheep and Fur Animal Research Branch, Animal Husbandry Division, Agricultural Research Service. Additionally, the collection contains over 200 wool samples from 1950-1960 labeled with sheep identification number, location, and date. Samples were taken from Beltsville, Maryland, and other locations within the United States. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Clair Elman Terrill (1910-2001), a worldwide leader in sheep production research, was the chief of USDA’s Sheep and Fur Animal Research Branch, Animal Husbandry Division, Agricultural Research Service, from 1955-1972. He developed a three-pronged strategy for increasing efficiency of meat production from sheep without increasing feed demands: genetically increase the lamb crop, remove low-producing adults at an early age, and reduce lamb mortality. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 252 Collection Name: Mayberry, Dean Howard, Papers Earliest Date: 1957 Latest Date: 1990 Bulk Dates: 1960-1979 Linear Feet: 51.25 Collection Description: The Dean Howard Mayberry Papers include records of research of the Northern Regional Research Laboratory as well as press releases, correspondence, publications, and papers on research relating to the transformation of agricultural products into commercial commodities. Some topics of research include oils, cereals, antibiotics, starch, polysaccharides, amylose, corn, and alcohol. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Dean Howard Mayberry began his U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) service in 1956 with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) as the supervisory publications editor for agricultural and biological sciences, for the Information Division in Washington, D.C. From 1958-1978 he was a public information officer for the ARS Information Division, Current Information Branch based in Peoria, Illinois, at the Northern Regional Research Laboratory. From 1978-1982 he worked for the Science and Education Administration, and in 1982 he was reassigned to ARS. Mayberry retired from the USDA in 1985 as a public affairs specialist. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Collection Number: 253 Collection Name: USDA Livestock Insects Laboratory Records: Screwworm Eradication Records Earliest Date: 1932 Latest Date: 1986 Bulk Dates: 1970-1986 Linear Feet: 5 Collection Description: The USDA Livestock Insects Laboratory Records include reports, data sheets, correspondence, technical bulletins, and journal articles. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Livestock Insects Laboratory was established in 1979 in Beltsville, Maryland, to discover and develop new and improved methods for control of insects and other arthropods affecting livestock. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; Entomology; USDA History Collection Number: 255 Collection Name: National Commission on Small Farms (NCSF) Records Earliest Date: 1997 Latest Date: 1998 Bulk Dates: 1997-1998 Linear Feet: 16.25 Collection Description: The National Commission on Small Farms (NCSF) Records relate to the work of the National Commission on Small Farms. Records include administrative files; transcripts (paper, tape, and disk) of public hearings; letters from small farmers; executive correspondence; memoranda; drafts and final copy of “Report of the USDA National Commission on Small Farms: A Time to Act”; letterhead and design for final report; email requests for copies of the NCSF report; computer disks of small farm documents; committee reports within the NCSF; and miscellaneous resource documents. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The National Commission on Small Farms (NCSF) was established by Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman in 1997. The committee was charged to study the problems of small and limited-resource farmers and to make recommendations to help those farmers. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 256 Collection Name: USDA Division of Agricultural Engineering Records Earliest Date: 1913 Latest Date: 1981 Bulk Dates: 1919-1940 Linear Feet: 40 Collection Description: The USDA Division of Agricultural Engineering Records contain photographs, glass negatives, and acetate negatives relating to agricultural engineering. Some of the subjects include irrigation, drainage, farm buildings, farm power and machinery, crops and crop conditioning, harvesting, care and handling of products, road construction, and farm electrification. Additionally, there are articles on agricultural engineering and farm electrification, and speeches and papers by Arthur William Turner, Assistant Chief, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering in 1943. Also, there are materials collected for a book to be written on the history of farm electrification by M. Conner Ahrens, assistant chief of the Farm Electrification Research Branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) agricultural engineering research began in the Division of Irrigation Investigations in the Office of Experiment Stations in 1898. By 1915, the Division of Agricultural Engineering was created within the Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, Bureau of Plant Industry. Agricultural engineering attained bureau status in 1931 and included the Divisions of Irrigation; Drainage and Soil Erosion Control; Mechanical Equipment; Structures; and Plans and Services. In 1939 a new bureau was created called the Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, followed in 1943 by the establishment of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. The USDA reorganized in 1953 and the new Agricultural Engineering Research Branch became part of the Agricultural Research Service. In 1957 the branch became its own division with four branches including Crop Production, Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures, Harvesting and Farm Processing, and Farm Electrification. M. Conner Ahrens was former assistant chief of the USDA Farm Electrification Research Branch. Arthur William Turner was Assistant Chief for the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering beginning in 1943. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Natural Resources; USDA History Collection Number: 257 Collection Name: History of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1993-2000 Videotapes Collection (formerly titled USDA Video, Teleconference and Radio Center Records) Earliest Date: 2000 Latest Date: 2001 Bulk Dates: 2000-2001 Linear Feet: 3.75 Collection Description: The History of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1993-2000 Videotapes Collection consists of videotape oral histories of senior members of the department's administration from 1993-2000. Secretaries of Agriculture Dan Glickman and Mike Espy are among those interviewed. The interviews were recorded in 2000 and 2001. The collection also includes print and electronic transcripts and a few audiotapes. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals Collection Number: 261 Collection Name: Atwater, Wilbur Olin, Papers Earliest Date: 1865 Latest Date: 1993 Bulk Dates: 1893-1904 Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: The Wilbur Olin Atwater Papers contain correspondence, photographs, publications, and data sheets related to Atwater's research in the chemical composition of foods, dietary studies, and the respiration calorimeter. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Wilbur Olin Atwater (1844-1907) was the first Chief of the Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in 1888, and the first person in the United States to conduct chemical analysis of food. As a special agent in charge of USDA nutrition programs beginning in 1891, he developed plans for experiments in the areas of food nutrition, the effects of food processing on nutrient changes, food consumption studies, and human nutrient requirements and metabolism. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Human Nutrition; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 263 Collection Name: Hough, Franklin Benjamin, Papers Earliest Date: 1870 Latest Date: 1884 Bulk Dates: 1876-77 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The Franklin Benjamin Hough Papers consist of handwritten correspondence, agreements, and memoranda. Much of the correspondence deals with forestry matters, and, specifically, a paper that Hough presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1873 on "The Duty of Governments in the Preservation of Forests." His study revealed that forests were beneficial to climate, streamflow, and soil, and argued that it was necessary to preserve and renew forests. The address triggered a national forest-preservation movement and lobbying effort backed by AAAS. In response, Congress approved funding in 1876 for a federal forestry expert within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Hough was appointed to the position soon after. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Franklin Benjamin Hough (1822-1885) was the first physician in Lewis County, New York; forest commissioner, USDA, from 1876-1881, and the chief of the Division of Forestry, USDA, from 1881-1883. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Forestry; Physical Sciences; Natural Resources; USDA History Collection Number: 265 Collection Name: Enzler, Clarence Joseph, Papers Earliest Date: 1938 Latest Date: 1972 Linear Feet: 16.5 Collection Description: The Clarence Joseph Enzler Papers include speeches and testimonies of former Secretaries of Agriculture, including Henry A. Wallace, Henry Claude Wickard, Clinton Anderson, Charles Brannan, Ezra Taft Benson, Orville L. Freeman, and Clifford Hardin. There are also speeches and testimonies of Assistant Secretaries Ervin L. Peterson, J. Earl Coke, John P. Duncan, Jr., George L. Mehren, Trienah Meyers, Joseph M. Robertson, and under secretaries Norris Dodd, J. Phil Campbell, and John A. Schnittker. Also included are miscellaneous speeches of U.S. Presidents and congressional figures, and press releases. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Clarence Joseph Enzler (1910-1976), an accomplished speech-writer and speaker, worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) from 1937-1972, leaving the department briefly from 1943-1945 to serve as the feature editor with the National Catholic Welfare Conference News Service. During his USDA career he worked in the Resettlement Administration, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the Office of Information, and the Office of the Secretary. He assisted the Secretaries of Agriculture and other top USDA officials in the preparation of speeches, magazine articles, congressional testimony, annual reports and other informational material. He prepared speeches for eight Secretaries of Agriculture. A prolific author, he had articles published in many national magazines and wrote a spiritual and philosophical book titled My Other Self. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 266 Collection Name: Alfred H. Baumhover Papers: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1949 Latest Date: 1997 Bulk Dates: 1950-1970 Linear Feet: 17 Collection Description: The Alfred H. Baumhover: Screwworm Eradication Program Records include reports, correspondence, publications, public information materials, photographs, awards, notes, and artifacts. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Alfred H. Baumhover (b. 1921) was integral to the screwworm eradication program in its early stages and continued to advise the program for many years. Baumhover, an entomologist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is best known for his contributions to the screwworm eradication programs of the 1950s and 1960s. He began his career in 1949 in the USDA Grasshopper Control Division and worked with Raymond Bushland in Texas on various farm pests. Bushland and Edward F. Knipling were preparing to begin field experimentation on the sterile insect technique. Baumhover became the lead field agent of these experiments, which primarily targeted the screwworm. In 1954 he led the experiment in Curacao that eradicated screwworms from the island. For his efforts, he was conferred knighthood by Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Baumhover also worked on the eradication programs in the Southeast and Southwest United States. Although he continued to advise the screwworm program throughout his career, Baumhover worked primarily with tobacco insect research from 1963 until his retirement. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 269 Collection Name: USDA Plan Exchange Records Earliest Date: 1933 Latest Date: 1988 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The USDA Plan Exchange Records consist of plans for agricultural structures and low-cost housing and was the result of the collective work of plan exchange engineers at land-grant universities. Each plan has a date and number. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) supported the development of farm building plans beginning in 1915. The Plan Exchange was formed in 1930 to maximize the use and sharing of building plans. Plans were housed in various offices of the research arm of the USDA. In 1979 management and financial responsibility was transferred to the USDA Extension Service. In 1982 the USDA Extension Service invited state extension services to bid on a contract to provide Plan Exchange headquarters services. The University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service won the contract and provided the service until 1988. As of 1988, the program was no longer funded by the USDA Extension Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 273 Collection Name: USDA Poultry and Livestock Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1842 Latest Date: 1950 Linear Feet: 30 Collection Description: The USDA Poultry and Livestock Photograph Collection, contains 26 albums with photographs of poultry, sheep, swine, cattle, and other livestock. Grouped by subject, many of the photographs were taken at the Agricultural Research Service in Beltsville, Maryland, from 1906-1950--most from 1910-1935. The albums also include lithographs from the mid-19th century. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; Poultry; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 274 Collection Name: Drug Garden Photograph Collection Collection Group: Plant Photograph Collections Earliest Date: 1902 Latest Date: 1943 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The Drug Garden Photograph Collection consists of black and white lantern slides featuring drug gardens at several institutions across the United States; views of drug plant field plots including some at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) South Farm in Beltsville, Maryland, during the mid-1940s; detailed photographs of drug plant specimens, distribution charts by plant species, and a few paintings of drug plants in color. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Drug and medicinal plant investigations were not organized in USDA until 1901 or 1902. The investigations were conducted under the direction of botanist Rodney H. True. There was an increased interest in the work because a considerable portion of the plants then used as drugs were imported. With a view to encouraging people in the United States to grow these types of plants, cooperative experiments were begun on the culture of belladonna, digitalis, stramonium, hyoscyamus, aconite, arnica, licorice, and the opium poppy. Small plots of drug plants were grown in the hope of learning the influence of climate and latititude on the development of the plants in question and on the production of their characteristic active principles. State experiment stations were located at Puyallup, Washington, and Burlington, Vermont. Experiments were begun on the Potomac Flats and Arlington Farm. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 276 Collection Name: USDA Engineering Division Personnel Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1912 Latest Date: 1940 Linear Feet: 2.25 Collection Description: The USDA Engineering Division Personnel Photograph Collection consists of a photograph album of Engineering Division personnel, including both group and individual shots. Photographs were taken in March 1924 and include staff of Research, Engineering, Grazing, Forest Management, District 7, Operation, Public Relations, Lands, Forester and Branch Chiefs, and Finance and Accounts. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 277 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Division of Land Economics Records [?] Earliest Date: 1914 Latest Date: 1955 Bulk Dates: 1934-1952 Linear Feet: 6.25 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Division of Land Economics Records [?] consist of reports, correspondence, and publications relating to the work of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, probably the Division of Land Economics. Most of the material is the product of Bureau or Division, though some was produced by the Land Utilization Division of the Resettlement Administration. Topics include general land policy and policy planning, zoning, settlement patterns, local land utilization studies, tenancy and land ownership, and water projects. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Bureau of Agricultural Economics was established in 1922 and included the Land Economics Division. The Division was abolished in 1953. The Land Utilization Division functions of the Resettlement Administration were transferred to USDA Bureau of Agricultural Economics in 1937. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Natural Resources; USDA History Collection Number: 285 Collection Name: 4-H Slide Collection Earliest Date: 1969 Latest Date: 1975 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The 4-H Slide Collection contains 769 35-millimeter color slides of 4-H club activities during the 1970s such as swimming, canoeing, archery, dairy judging, and knitting; 1970s posters promoting 4-H; an undated slide show titled "Audio-Visual Media in Education"; and unlabeled slides of meetings, people, and events. Historical or Biographical Sketch: 4-H (Head, Heart, Hands, and Health) is the Cooperative Extension System’s educational program for young people. The program partners the cooperative efforts of youths, volunteer leaders, state land-grant universities, state and local governments, foundations, and the Cooperative State Research, Educational and Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Partners work across the country and internationally to assist youths in developing knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable them to become productive and contributing members of society. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 287 Collection Name: USDA Pear Psylla Control Lantern Slide Collection Collection Group: Plant Photograph Collections Earliest Date: 1941 Latest Date: 1941 Linear Feet: 0.75 Collection Description: The USDA Pear Psylla Control Lantern Slide Collection contains color lantern slides produced by U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Fruit Insect Investigations, Pear Psylla Control. There are 13 slides of pears infected with pear psylla, 3 slides of maps, and a slide of a chart of spraying operations in counties of Washington, Idaho, and Oregon in 1941. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs Collection Number: 289 Collection Name: USDA Farm Building Plans Collection Earliest Date: 1950 Latest Date: 1970 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The USDA Farm Building Plans Collection includes compilations of house plans and heating duct layouts. There is a series of U.S. Department of Agriculture publications entitled “House Planning Aids.” These small publications contain information about how to design and arrange various parts of a home. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) was established in 1946 through an act of Congress. It merged the functions of the Farm Security Administration and the Emergency Crop and Feed Loan Division of the Farm Credit Administration. The mission of the FmHA was to allow the government to provide insured loans to farmers who were unable to secure credit by other means. The loans could be used for purchasing and/or repairing farms and farm buildings. The FmHA continued programs to liquidate older projects and programs, and it also continued the tenant-purchase program from the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1937. Upon the USDA reorganization of 1953, the FmHA became part of the Agricultural Credit Group. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; USDA History Collection Number: 290 Collection Name: Mohrhardt, Foster Edward, Papers Earliest Date: 1934 Latest Date: 1968 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Foster Edward Mohrhardt Papers consist of Mohrhardt's published papers, speeches, studies, book reviews, and biographical articles and includes a bibliography detailing these publications. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Foster Edward Mohrhardt (1907-1992) was named director of the library of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1954, and during his 14 years as Director, the library was transformed into the National Agricultural Library (NAL). He played an active part in improving the system through the use of information technology, structural reorganization, and expansion of goals. Accomplishments include construction of the library’s building in Beltsville, Maryland; the initiation of computerized cataloging and indexing (1965), the antecedent to the library’s AGRICOLA database; the publication of the library’s card catalog in book form; and the development of the library’s first agricultural thesaurus. President of the American Library Association from 1967-1968, Mohrhardt also presided over several organizations in the field of research as well as founded the International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Collection Number: 291 Collection Name: Flood Control Collection Earliest Date: 1910 Latest Date: 1972 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Flood Control Collection contains reports, articles, publications, correspondence, notes, and data regarding the issue of flood control in the United States due to erosion, loss of forests, man-made dams, and storms. Most of the publications were produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service, but the collection also includes articles written for professional meetings such as the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Society of American Foresters. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1935 Congress passed an act that directed the Secretary of Agriculture to create an agency to deal with issues surrounding soil quality and erosion. This new agency would be called the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and was actually the successor to the Soil Erosion Service (which itself was only two years old) of the Department of the Interior. The USDA had been examining soil erosion for years. However, a new program, developed by Hugh Hammond Bennett (the first chief of the SCS), coordinated much knowledge and practices related to soil. Bennett first began to promote the fight against soil erosion in a published bulletin in 1928. The actions taken by the SCS to maintain and improve soil conditions were driven largely by private landowners, who were organized into local districts. Furthermore, the SCS was given the recommendation to coordinate its actions with other agencies doing similar work. Both of these methods allowed for the most concentrated effort possible to conserve the nation’s soil. After the USDA reorganization of 1994, the SCS was replaced by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Physical Sciences; Natural Resources; USDA History Collection Number: 292 Collection Name: USDA Commodity Stabilization Service Records Earliest Date: 1935 Latest Date: 1969 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The USDA Commodity Stabilization Service Records contain handwritten notes or typescript charts with statistical figures about the production and trade of chemicals used as insecticides in commercial agriculture. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Commodity Stabilization Service was the successor agency to the Production and Marketing Administration and was responsible for its price support and adjustment activities. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Economics; Entomology; USDA History Collection Number: 293 Collection Name: U.S. Forest Service Uniform Earliest Date: 1960 Latest Date: 1967 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The U.S. Forest Service Uniform is a uniform jacket from the 1960s. It belonged to Donald K. Morriss, former Head of Timber Inventory in the Washington Office, who retired in 1967 and moved to Port Charlotte, Florida. The uniform was given to the Washington Office History Section on May 4, 1982, by Robert E. Gillespie, Assistant Director of Timber Management (Silviculture), upon his retirement. From 1967-1982, the uniform hung in a closet in Timber Management. The uniform was transferred to the National Agricultural Library in the 1980s. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1876 Congress passed a bill that established the forest administration in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Franklin B. Hough was appointed as special agent to report on the condition of the forests and how to preserve them. The results of his study revealed that forests were beneficial to climate, streamflow, and soil and it was necessary to preserve and renew forests. By 1878 the forest administration became the Division of Forestry. The Forest Service as it is known today was largely due to the work of former chief Gifford Pinchot and his eleven employees who popularized the concept of forest conservation in 1898. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Forestry; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 295 Collection Name: Meyer, Frank N., Collection Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1905 Latest Date: 1918 Linear Feet: 3.5 Collection Description: The Frank N. Meyer Collection consists of a typescript, certificate and photographs of Meyer. The typescript contains excerpts from letters between Frank N. Meyer and his superior, David Fairchild in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bureau of Plant Industry, relating to Meyer’s plant exploration trip to South China in 1916-1918. Photographs of various botanical specimens are included. The last segment of typescripts concerns Meyer’s drowning on June 2, 1918, in the Yangtze River en route to Shanghai. The 1905 certificate identifies USDA plant explorer Frank N. Meyer as an agricultural explorer of the United States Department of Agriculture who is visiting Manchuria and other parts of China for “the purpose of Aiding in Agricultural Development, especially along the line of Pomology.” A black and white photograph of Meyer has a label which reads "Frank N. Meyer, Agricultural Explorer. Born November 29, 1875. Died June 1, 1918. Returning from a successful raid in the high mountains. Tired but satisfied. Wu Tai Shan, Shansi, China. February 25, 1908." A photograph of Meyer and Fairchild has a label which reads "Frank Meyer (right) converses with renowned plant explorer Dr. David Fairchild. At the young age of 22, Fairchild helped to create the USDA’s Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction where he served as chairman from 1904-28. Throughout Meyer’s travels, Fairchild was a guiding force, providing insight and support through his letters." Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1901, Frans Nicholas Meijer (1875-1918) emigrated from the Netherlands to America where he became Frank Meyer. Almost immediately, Meyer went to work for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Erwin F. Smith, known internationally for his groundbreaking work in bacteriology. In 1902, Meyer began working at USDA’s Plant Introduction Station in Santa Ana, California. The period from 1905-1908 marked the beginning of Meyer’s expeditions to Asia, where he collected plants in China, Russia, and Japan, as well as other countries. During his second expedition from 1909-1912, he collected in Europe, Russia, and in China. From 1913-1915, he explored and collected plants in Russia and China. Meyer’s fourth and final expedition took place from 1916-1918. The purpose of this journey is stated in the accompanying typescript, dated July 25, 1916. In summary, Meyer was to explore the portion of China lying southeast of Shanghai and south of the Yangtze River. He was to seek and collect southern peaches, bamboos—both timber and edible—the tung or wood-oil tree, improved varieties of tallow trees, the litchi, the longan, root crops for wet lands, new varieties of rice, soy beans, raspberries, blackberries, pears, chestnuts, and ornamental shrubs and timber trees. Meyer died an untimely death in June 1918. A passenger on the Feng Yang Maru Japanese riverboat, destined for Shanghai, he fell overboard into the Yangtze River. His body was recovered, but the circumstances of his death will always remain a mystery and source of speculation. Honored the world over for his contributions as a plant explorer, Frank Meyer’s work touches us all every day. From apricots to wild pears, his introductions number over 2,500. Processed: Yes, contact Special Collections. Text Available in NALDR: http://naldr.nal.usda.gov/NALWeb/Agricola_Link.asp... Subjects: Plant Exploration; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 298 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Personnel and Equipment Photograph Collection Earliest Date: 1936 Latest Date: 1942 Bulk Dates: 1938-1941 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Personnel and Equipment Photograph Collection contains black and white photographs of Bureau of Plant Quarantine inspection personnel; plant inspection facilities in Washington and New Jersey; and inspection equipment. Personnel include L.M. Scott, C.E. Cooley, Leonard S. McLaine, J.F. Olds, H.S. McLeod, T.A. Barnett, Donald P. Limber, Martin Hansen, Emile Kostal, Herbert L. Sanford, Charles E. Prince, Emmit I. Smith, John C. Pritchett, James W. Stanton, J. Paul Young, R.F. Wilbur, Clarence V. Scott, Louis M. Scott, James M.R. Adams, Louis Greenberg, George Janifer, and Michael Holmes. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine was established in 1934. In 1942, it became part of the Agricultural Research Administration. The purpose of the bureau was to study and control insects in cooperation with the states to prevent plant diseases. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 299 Collection Name: Shear, Cornelius Lott, Certificates Earliest Date: 1888 Latest Date: 1930 Linear Feet: 1.75 Collection Description: The Cornelius Lott Shear Certificates were presented to botanist and plant pathologist Shear, who traveled to foreign countries to research agriculture. Many of the certificates serve as introduction letters or statements of purpose. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Cornelius Lott Shear (1865-1956), an internationally-renowned mycologist and plant pathologist, began his 40-year career with the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1895. Much of Shear’s work took him all over the world and involved grapes, other small fruit, and fruit and plant diseases. In 1935 Shear retired as the principal pathologist for the Bureau of Plant Industry. Shear served in administrative positions for many organizations, including the American Phytopathological Society, the Botany Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also held editorial positions for the journals Mycologia and Phytopathology. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 305 Collection Name: Oral Histories: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 2000 Latest Date: 2004 Linear Feet: 19 Collection Description: The Screwworm Eradication Program Records: Oral Histories contains oral history video- and audiotapes and printed transcripts of persons involved in the U.S. Screwworm Eradication Program. Included are: former U.S. Rep. Kika de la Garza (D-Texas); longtime Mexican-American employees Manuel Ortega and Santana Munoz; technician Jimmy Bruce; Edward Knipling, a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) entomologist and leading theoretician for the program; USDA entomologist Lloyd Wendel; Oewn Hugh (O.H.) Graham; USDA scientist James Whitten; Edward "Tony" Hauschild, a pilot and former supervisor for screwworm dispersal flights; John Welch, former entomologist and current director of the Mexican - American Commission for the Eradication of Screwworm; and USDA entomologist Alfred Baumhover, a lead contributor to the program in the 1950s and 1960s. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The interviews were conducted in the early 2000s by Paul (Tommy) Stanford, Larry Quinn, and the original project manager Lynn Stewart, who also organized the materials and produced the video. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals Collection Number: 308 Collection Name: USDA Textile Publications Earliest Date: 1920 Latest Date: 1962 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The USDA Textile Publications Collection consists of brochures, reprints, leaflets, bulletins, and newspaper clippings related to clothing, textile history, fashion, fabrics, construction, consumer advice, and sewing machines. Historical or Biographical Sketch: During the 1920s and 1930s, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Division of Textiles and Clothing of the Bureau of Home Economics was responsible for research on textiles and clothing. In 1937 this division was renamed the Textiles and Clothing Division. The reorganization of the USDA in 1942 placed research on textiles and clothing under the Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Agricultural Research Administration. When the USDA reorganized in 1953, the research remained under the same bureau (re-designated as a division) under the new Agricultural Research Service (ARS). In 1957, the research was moved to the Clothing and Housing Research Division, Institute of Home Economics, ARS. Since the mid-1960s, research on textiles and clothing has taken place in ARS regional laboratories. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Exploration; USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 309 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Entomology Album Earliest Date: 1925 Latest Date: 1966 Bulk Dates: 1936-53 Linear Feet: 1.6 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Entomology Album consists of black and white photographs, most of which are not labeled, and clippings. There is one U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Information publication dated 1958. The black and white photographs are primarily of individuals. The date range is 1925-1961 (bulk 1936-1944). Within the album, a few are labeled: R. H. Nelson, 3-1-55; Jessie Mingle, June 1953; P. G. Piguet (sp?), Feb. 1947. At the back of the album are three 8x10 group photographs of the American Association of Economic Entomologists at Washington, D. C., dated January 2, 1925. In the file folders, subjects include the tornado at Beltsville, undated; the fire at Beltsville, 1941; and photographs of Eleanor Roosevelt, dated 1939. The date range of the clippings is 1937-1966 (bulk 1940-1953). Some subjects include: bees; William Robinson, 1941; G. Harris White, 1947; obituaries of Claribel Barnett [1950?], Percy Annand, 1950, Lee A. Strong, 1941, and Norman McIndoo, 1956; fire at Beltsville, 1941; Duke of Windsor visits CCC camps, 1941; National Youth Administration, 1940; insecticides, including DDT; Beltsville forest fire, 1950; and visits of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953, and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, 1959. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Division of Entomology was formed in 1863. Early heads of this division included Townend Glover and Charles Valentine Riley. Early research included the development of insect control and eradication practices, as well as the identification of insects and their life cycles. In 1904 the Division of Entomology reached bureau status, and research greatly expanded to include many more laboratories around the country and the creation of new inspection procedures to prevent insect pest infestation. In 1934 the Bureau of Entomology merged with the Bureau of Plant Quarantine to form the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. This new bureau was able to more efficiently cover more research topics. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 310 Collection Name: Severn Run's Cazador (Caz), Screwworm Detection Dog, Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1994 Latest Date: 2000 Bulk Dates: 2000 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The Severn Run's Cazador (Caz), Screwworm Detection Dog: Screwworm Eradication Program Records includes photographs, correspondence, Caz's working gear, a short biography by John Welch, and a wooden box containing Caz's remains. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The materials relate to Severn Run's Cazador (Caz), the screwworm detection dog. Cazador was an American Kennel Club-registered German wire-haired pointer who served as a detector dog with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agreicultural Research Service Screwworm Research Unit from 1988 until Caz's death in 2000. USDA scientist John B. Welch was Cazador's trainer and acquired him through the U.S. Customs Service’s Detector Dog training facility in Front Royal, Virginia. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 312 Collection Name: Radio Home Features Typescripts Earliest Date: 1964 Latest Date: 1988 Linear Feet: 5.75 Collection Description: The Radio Home Features Typescripts were produced by USDA Office of Information, Radio and Television Service, Washington, D.C. Dates of typescripts are 1964-1967, 1969, and 1970-1988. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Communications produces a series of radio news feature reports through its Broadcast Media and Technology Center. These news features cover a wide variety of topics in agriculture and home economics, and are intended for the general public as a listening audience. Such topics include food safety, environmental issues, weather, crop projections and reports, and health issues. Each week, the Office of Communications sends out audio recordings of these stories to media outlets all around the United States, who then broadcast the material. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Collection Number: 313 Collection Name: Celebrity Pesticide Spots Phonograph Records Earliest Date: 1970 Linear Feet: 1.75 Collection Description: The Celebrity Pesticide Spots Phonograph Records consist of four 33 1/3 RPM records containing spots about the safe use of pesticides produced by USDA Office of Information, Radio and Television Service, Washington, D.C. Three of the records are identical; there are a total of two unique records. Celebrity voices include Minnie Pearl, Art Carney, Arthur Godfrey, and Eva Gabor. Additionally, there is a typescript of the spots with a generic letter about the typescript signed by Layne Beaty, Chief of Radio and Television Service. The letter appears to have been sent out to public service directors. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Entomology; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals Collection Number: 323 Collection Name: Olmsted, Arthur J., Collection of USDA Photographs Earliest Date: 1880 Latest Date: 1930 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Arthur J. Olmsted Collection consists of black and white photographs of the first U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administration building; other USDA buildings in Washington, D.C., that no longer exist; greenhouses on the National Mall; storm damage to buildings; a motion picture lab; Division of Illustration offices; a group photograph of "Agriculture Lab" photographers; C.A. Holder, foreign trade advisor; a corn club visitng Washington, D.C.; and USDA Assistant Secretary Carl S. Vrooman. Photographs are undated but appear to range in date from the 1880s-1930s. Historical or Biographical Sketch: From the caption on one of the photographs, it appears likely that Olmsted was at a one time the chief photographer for the "Agriculture Lab." Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 326 Collection Name: Mitlin, Norman, Papers Earliest Date: 1950 Latest Date: 1979 Linear Feet: 6.5 Collection Description: The Norman Mitlin Papers consist of 29 boll weevil articles (1964-1977) authored by Mitlin, 30 of Mitlin’s handwritten laboratory notebooks (1953-1975) from the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory, drafts, correspondence, and photographs. Most of the articles deal with the development of sterilization methods. There is correspondence between Mitlin and Mississippi State University, where he taught graduate school classes, and documentation related to his training. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1949 Norman Mitlin (1918-2003) began his career as a research entomologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Beltsville, Maryland. He specialized in the development of new synthetic insecticides and later in the toxicology and physiology of insects. He was a pioneer in developing methods of using chemicals to sexually sterilize insects. In 1961 he was transferred to the newly activated USDA Boll Weevil Research Laboratory at Mississippi State University, Starkville. He headed a unit that was responsible for developing methods of sterilizing the boll weevil. His methods were incorporated into a program that effectively eliminated the boll weevil as a major pest. While working at the Boll Weevil Laboratory, Mitlin served as an adjunct professor at Mississippi State University in the entomology department. Mitlin retired in 1978 from the USDA. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Collection Number: 331 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Biological Survey Records (Duckstamps) Earliest Date: 1918 Latest Date: 1939 Bulk Dates: 1934-1939 Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Biological Survey Records consist of memoranda and transcripts related to hunting regulations; water and forest conservation; wildlife control, management, research, and development; migratory habits of birds and other animals; control of rodent pests; and bureau management. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Biological Survey began as the Office of Economic Ornithology in 1885, under the Division of Entomology. Its main task at the time was to study how birds affected farm production. In its first decade, this unit would evolve into the Division of Biological Survey, and its duties were expanded to include the distribution of birds and other animals in the wild, as well as to track the food and migratory habits of the animals. In addition, the research done by this division was used to maintain the delicate balance between controlling dangerous species and protecting endangered species. The division reached bureau status in 1905. Research was then expanded to include the economic connections between conserving wildlife and controlling species that were a danger to agriculture. The bureau also had the responsibilities of enforcing wildlife laws and managing wildlife refuges. In 1939 the bureau was transferred to the Department of the Interior (DOI). In 1940 it merged with the Bureau of Fisheries (also transferred to the DOI in 1939) to become the Fish and Wildlife Service. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Physical Sciences; Natural Resources; USDA History Collection Number: 332 Collection Name: Swab, Joseph, Publication Collection Earliest Date: 1950 Latest Date: 1998 Bulk Dates: 1987-1998 Linear Feet: 12.5 Collection Description: The Joseph Swab Publication collection contains bibliographies, pamphlets, newsletters, and forms whose layouts were designed by Swab, primarily from 1970-1998. The collection also contains a select number of older materials not designed by Swab. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 333 Collection Name: The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 50th Anniversary Time Capsule, 1953-2004 Earliest Date: 1947 Latest Date: 2004 Bulk Dates: 2000- 2004 Linear Feet: 4.5 Collection Description: The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 50th Anniversary Time Capsule materials in this collection were donated from ARS offices across the nation and Puerto Rico. The materials capture the work, progress, and inventions of ARS over the last 50 years. The donations were various. Types of items included in the capsule are posters, photographs, ephemera, awards, computer software, brochures, stuffed animals, training items, paperweights, miniatures of inventions, buttons, audio tapes, key chains, articles, bookmarks, pens, clothing, and food replicas. In January 2005, a DVD and VHS copy of the Time Capsule program were added to the collection. There is no sound on any of the recordings. Historical or Biographical Sketch: As ARS closed out their 50th anniversary year on November 2, 2004 they sealed the time capsule that ARS employees helped to build. Each office, unit, or location was encouraged to send in an item that defined what they contributed to the overall ARS mission. ARS employees were encouraged to donate materials of significant accomplishment and something that characterized their place in history. All items were to be sent to Susan Fugate. The Special Collections staff entered items into a database and housed the materials in acid-free boxes. The donation period was actually extended until December 31, 2004. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Audiovisuals; Posters; Photographs Collection Number: 334 Collection Name: USDA Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics Records Earliest Date: 1921 Latest Date: 1972 Bulk Dates: 1950-1970 Linear Feet: 178 Collection Description: The USDA Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics Records contain a history of the bureau; organizational charts; photographs of employees, nutrition experiments, equipment, exhibits, and food; and a scrapbook of the 25th anniversary of the bureau (1923-1948); publicity information, and lab notebooks. There is also a reprint collection of 24,000 publications and a card index. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In 1915, the Office of Home Economics was established within the States Relations Service and in 1922, Secretary Henry A. Wallace announced his plans to expand the scope of the office and to establish a bureau under the leadership of a woman. In 1923, the Bureau of Home Economics was established with Louise Stanley as its chief. During the Great Depression, Stanley initiated studies of American diets and had researchers focus on areas of the nation which were most affected by drought and high unemployment. The study results provided basis for determining food products needed for an adequate diet and for planning relief programs using nutritious surplus products. During the period between the two World Wars, USDA concentrated its research in three primary avenues: improving the quantity and quality of agricultural production, finding new uses for agricultural products, and improving and conserving soil. For the National Nutrition Conference held in 1941, the Bureau of Home Economics supplied data showing that an appalling number of families in the US had been living on inadequate diets. Following the recommendations of the conference, USDA launched a national campaign to improve American diets. In this campaign, the nutritive values of food established by the Bureau of Home Economics became an important consideration in the development of goals for agricultural production during the war years. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Human Nutrition; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Posters; Photographs; Reprints Collection Number: 337 Collection Name: USDA Seed and Grain Branch Division Records Earliest Date: 1895 Latest Date: 1991 Bulk Dates: 1957-1978 Linear Feet: 40.5 Collection Description: The records include correspondence from plant breeders, seedsmen, and others to mainly Clyde R. Edwards, Seed and Grain Branch Division, for clearance of plant variety names in accordance with the Federal Seed Act. The files of vegetable crops and turf grasses are organized in alphabetical order by name of plant. Information within the letters indicates that trademark applications for seeds and U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificates were sent to the correspondents by this government office. There are reprints of articles and clippings. The collection also includes a filing cabinet of index cards of plant variety names in alphabetical order. The cards form the "Variety Name List" which is a list of names that have been used as variety names for agricultural and vegetable seeds. The purpose of the list is to prevent violations of the Federal Seed Act by providing to the plant breeders and others who are naming varieties a list of names that have already been used. The information gathered on the cards was collected from sources such as variety release notices, official journals, seed catalogs, and seed trade publications. In the early 2000s, information on the cards was entered into a database. The Variety Name List database can be accessed on the USDA, AMS, Seed Regulatory And Testing Programs website at http://www.ams.usda.gov/lsg/seed/varietyname.htm Historical or Biographical Sketch: Clyde R. Edwards began his work with the USDA in 1952 as a marketing specialist at the USDA Seed Branch field office in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1958, he transferred to the Seed Branch headquarters in Beltsville, Maryland. By 1962 he was appointed Head of the Enforcement Section, then became Chief of the Seed Branch in 1971. He retired in 1980. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 338 Collection Name: Wyss, John, Papers: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1976 Latest Date: 2003 Bulk Dates: 1990s Linear Feet: 19 Collection Description: The John Wyss: Screwworm Eradication Program Records contain office files, reports, meeting files, brochures, newsletters, photographs and slides, blueprints, floppy disks and CD-ROMs, promotional materials, and publications related to the screwworm eradication effort in Mexico and Central America. The materials include plans for Screwworm Rearing Facility in Pacora, Panama. Historical or Biographical Sketch: John Wyss worked as a screwworm coordinator in Mexico and Central America. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 342 Collection Name: Alexander, Lyle Thomas, Papers Earliest Date: 1932 Latest Date: 2004 Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: The Lyle Thomas Alexander Papers contain biographical documents, letters, photographs, awards, medals, publications, journal transcript of West Africa and Belgian Congo, maps, and clippings related to his career as a soil chemist for USDA Soil Conservation Service. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Lyle T. Alexander (1905-1983) worked for USDA for over 40 years as a soil chemist. After graduating from the University of Arkansas with a chemistry degree in 1928, he began working at USDA as a soil scientist in the Soil Conservation Service. He earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1935. During his career with USDA, Alexander developed a specialty in tropical soils. He became an expert in the radioactive fallout content of soils and agriculture, thereby traveling extensively to Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific area, the Sahara area of Africa, Europe, and the Near East. He retired in 1968 as chief of the Soil Survey Laboratories, Soil Conservation Service. After retirement, he went to work as a consultant for Resources for the Future, in Washington, D.C. He collaborated with Marion Clawson and Hans Landsberg on the topic of desalination of seawater. During his career with the USDA, he authored approximately 70 papers in soil science in such publications as the USDA's technical bulletins and its yearbooks (1938-1957), and the Proceedings of the Soil Science of America. Together with Thomas M. Shaw, he held a patent in the use of dielectric constant measurements to detect ice formations. Processed: Yes, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Physical Sciences; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 345 Collection Name: ARS Research Report U-matic Videocassette Collection Earliest Date: 1969 Latest Date: 1989 Bulk Dates: 1978-1988 Linear Feet: 36 Collection Description: The ARS Research Report U-matic Videocassette Collection is composed of over 200 USDA produced videos on a wide range of subjects. The majority of the videos are stored on the U-matic format, although there are roughly 10 films found on film reels and one audio cassette. Many videos are public service announcements, others are informational videos in a longer format. Topics include plant and animal production, agricultural planning, pesticides, new research directions and machinery, and food and nutrition. The materials were donated by William E. Premble at ARS in 1992. The series of videos were a part of the ARS Research Report series. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; Human Nutrition; USDA History Formats: Audiovisuals Collection Number: 346 Collection Name: Cunningham, Isabel S., Collection on Howard Scott Gentry Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1940 Latest Date: 1995 Bulk Dates: 1984-1993 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Isabel S. Cunningham Collection on Howard Scott Gentry consists of articles, notes, photographs, and Cunningham's draft articles on Howard Gentry's expeditions as plant collector. Cunningham collected these materials to write several articles about Gentry. Cunningham donated these materials in April 2006. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Howard Scott Gentry (1903-1993) earned a bachelor's degree in vertebrate zoology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1931. In 1933, Gentry started plant expeditions in Yaqui country (Sonora-Chihuahua, Mexico) and the following year in Indian barranca country in Mexico. He published his first book titled Rio May Plants of Sonor-Chihuahua in 1942. Gentry started working for the United States Department of Agriculture's Rubber Office in 1942 until 1945. The next four years he was a research botanist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. In 1947 he obtained a Ph.D. in botany from the University of Michigan. From 1950 to 1971, Gentry was a plant collector for the New Crops Research Branch, USDA, and led expeditions into Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, and Mexico. In 1970 Gentry opened the Gentry Experimental Farm in Murrieta, California, and became a research botanist at the Desert Botanical Garden two years later. He began his final position as Research Director for the Desert Botanical Garden in 1985. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Exploration; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 347 Collection Name: Jefferson, Roland Maurice, Collection Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1912 Latest Date: 2007 Bulk Dates: 1979-1989 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The Roland Jefferson Collection contains articles, correspondence, e-mail, documents, lectures, photographs, programs, and other notes. Some of the articles, correspondence, and programs are in Japanese or Taiwanese. The majority of the collection highlights Jefferson’s work, including plant expeditions for cherry trees at the United States National Arboretum and his post-retirement lectures. The collection also mentions Jefferson’s work with plant labels, crabapples, the dogwood seed exchange program, and the President Reagan Cherry Tree. Part of the collection was donated by Roland Maurice Jefferson in April 2006. Isabel S. Cunningham added to the collection with an April 2006 donation of materials which she collected to write a series of articles on Jefferson’s work as a plant explorer. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Roland Maurice Jefferson (1923-) was born in Washington, D.C. on September 3, 1923. In 1950 he obtained a bachelor's degree in botany from Howard University and started making plant labels at the United States National Arboretum (USNA) in 1956. The next year Jefferson was promoted to become the first black botanist at the USNA and over the next decade studied crabapples. In 1973, Jefferson stared compiling a historical and scientific data about the Japanese cheryr trees planted in Washington, D.C.'s Potomac Park, which included taking cuttings from the surviving trees. In 1977 he published "The Japanese flowering cherry trees of Washington, D.C., which was later translated into Japanese. In 1978-1979 he was part of a plant expedition in Europe to study cherry and carbapple trees. In 1981, Nancy Reagan presented the President Reagon Cheery Tree to Japan, which Jefferson propagated from the 1912 cherry tree that First Lady Taft planted from Japan. From 1981-1983 went to Japan to study, lecture, locate, evaluate, and collect cherry tree budwood from Prunus germplasm or ornamental cherry trees. He started the dogwood seed exhnage program from 1982-1983, where Japanese school children collected cherry seeds in exchange for American collected dogwood seeds. In 1983 he married Keiko Ishisaki. In 1986, Jefferson led expeditions into Japan, Korea, and Taiwan to study cherry trees. He retired from the USNA in 1987, but continued to lecutre on cherry trees in Japan through 1998. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Plant Exploration; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 348 Collection Name: Artifacts: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Linear Feet: 4 Collection Description: Artifacts: Screwworm Eradication Program Records contain materials used in various screwworm eradication program areas. Materials include screwworm fly dispersal boxes, a collection tube, a collection cup and holders, and signs. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 349 Collection Name: Chester N. Husman Awards: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1947 Latest Date: 1991 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: Chester N. Husman Awards: Screwworm Eradication Program Records contains awards given to Chester N. Husman and Agricultural Research Service (ARS) for their efforts in the screwworm eradication programs. Granting organizations include the U.S. War Department, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Mexican government. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Chester N. Husman was an engineer for the USDA and assisted on the screwworm efforts. He participated in research efforts in Florida, assiting with the rearing process and construction of buildings. At Sebring, Florida, Husman developed a system for collecting screwworm larva which involved transporting larva in a water tray; this decreased mortality rates and rates at which the larva escaped their holding trays. In the 1970s he designed irradiators that were used to sterilize the screwworms, often referred to as the Husman irradiator. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia Collection Number: 351 Collection Name: Rock, Joseph Francis Charles, Papers Collection Group: Plant Exploration Collections Earliest Date: 1928 Latest Date: 1928 Bulk Dates: 1928 Linear Feet: 0.25 Collection Description: The Joseph Francis Charles Rock Papers contian a bibliofilm (microfilm photograph) of Rock's specimen notebook from 1928. Lists a specimen number followed by a description of the the specimen and the location or altitude. The actual specimens are currently at Harvard University Herbaria. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884-1962) was a plant explorer, botanist, linguist, and correspondent for National Geographic Magazine. He is famous for his work with studying the Nakhi (Naxi) language and his works on Hawaiian plants. Processed: Yes, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Exploration; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 353 Collection Name: Ioanes, Raymond Andrew, Papers Earliest Date: 1953 Latest Date: 1997 Bulk Dates: 1954-1965, 1990-1997 Linear Feet: 1.25 Collection Description: The Raymond Andrew Ioanes Papers include correspondence and memoranda from the Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS), speeches given by Ioanes, and 2 photographs. Topics include 20th century history of FAS, foreign agriculture trade, the dispersal of surplus agricultural products in foreign countries, and trade relations with Russia, the European Community (EC), and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Materials relating to the Association for Diplomatic Studies' Foreign Affairs Oral History Program, for which Ioanes acted as both an interviewer and interviewee, are represented, including interviews conducted by Ioanes and two copies, one edited manuscript and one finalized, of an interview in which he is the interviewee. Foreign Affairs Oral History Program materials are housed at Georgetown University. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Raymond Andrew Ioanes (1918-2005) began working for the Foreign Agriculture Service in 1953 and served as Administrator starting in 1962 until his retirement in 1973. Ioanes was very active in world food trade and provided food relief by supplying surplus American agriculture products to other countries. Ioanes was influential on many large scale USDA food relief programs, including relief to Berlin after World War II and the implementation of the "Food for Peace Program," Public Law 480, which outlined the U.S. food relief program to Third World countries. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Economics; Human Nutrition; USDA History Collection Number: 355 Collection Name: International Collection: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Collection Group: Screwworm Eradication Program Records Earliest Date: 1976 Latest Date: 2002 Bulk Dates: 1991-2000 Linear Feet: 3 Collection Description: This collection documents screwworm eradication efforts in international programs. Countries represented include: Panama, Nicaragua, Guatamala, Honduras, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Australia, Jamaica, Libya, Curacao, and North Africa. Materials relating to the programs in Mexico are located in Collection 211, Southwestern United States and Mexico Collection. Due to the interconnectedness and staff overlap of many of the screwworm eradication programs, there may be international program materials in other Screwworm Eradication Program Record collections. Processed: Yes, view the finding aid online. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 356 Collection Name: Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center History Collection Linear Feet: 29 Collection Description: The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) History Collection contains several donations from the ARS Visitor Center at BARC. Materials include land surveys, building specifications, blueprints, and reports about the Visitor Center; a photo album compiled by Robert T. Walker, former BARC landscape architect, showing the construction of BARC buildings (Departmental Laboratory Group, Main Lab, Mansion House, Sheep Barn, Animal Husbandry Lab, Animal Disease Station, Poultry Unit, Horticultural Field Station, and the Civilian Conservation Corps at the USDA Experimental Farm); blueprints from the construction of BARC; lab materials (microscopes, lab glassware, measuring devices); the silver tea set used during VIP visits; and a miniature train car that was on display at the Visitor Center. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center is a central part of the USDA's Agricultural Research Service and is the world's largest agricultural research complex. On June 6, 2000, BARC is named in honor of former Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace, who was instrumental in it's expansion; under his guidance the center grew to 12,600 acres with over 40 major research buildings. USDA began relocating research to Beltsville in 1910. Major expansion during the 1930s and 1940s established its importance within the USDA's research activities. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 357 Collection Name: Sterling Brown Hendricks Papers Earliest Date: 1924 Latest Date: 1970 Bulk Dates: 1960-1968 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The Sterling Brown Hendricks Papers consists primarily of article reprints written and compiled by Hendricks, a USDA scientist and administrator from 1922-1970. Annual reports from the Mineral Nutrition Laboratory for the years 1958-1969 and reference articles are also included. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Sterling Brown Hendricks (April 13, 1902 - January 4, 1981) served within several departments of the USDA, including holding the position of Chief Scientist in the Mineral Nutrition Engineering Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA from 1943-1970. Hendricks was an accomplished chemist and mineralogist. He was awarded the ARS Science Hall of Fame posthumously in 1993 and the Sterling B. Hendricks Memorial Lectureship Award was established in 1982. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Physical Sciences; Natural Resources; USDA History Formats: Reprints Collection Number: 358 Collection Name: USDA Potato Research Collection Earliest Date: 1907 Latest Date: 1945 Bulk Dates: 1910-1938 Linear Feet: 1 Collection Description: The USDA Potato Research Collection consists primarily of photographs used for research studies and documenting labs, fields, experiments, types of potatoes, equipment, and personal photographs and portraits. A wide range of locations are included: Potomac Flats in Washington, DC; Honeoye Falls, NY; the Colorado Potato Experiment Station; and various locations in Idaho, Oregon, California, Minnesota, Michigan, South Dakota, and Texas. Formats are mostly black and white photograph prints, but film negatives, glass plate negatives, and glass prints are also included. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 360 Collection Name: Beltsville Area Modernization Study Records Earliest Date: 1914 Latest Date: 1997 Bulk Dates: 1930-1960 Linear Feet: 12 Collection Description: The Beltsville Area Modernization Study Records contain materials collected by Robinson & Associates, Inc., a company that was hired by the Beltsville Area Research Center (BARC) to conduct a modernization study. The records include historical newspaper clippings, journal articles, USDA and government agency memos and correspondence, photographs and negatives, floorplans, maps, and blueprints. The main subject of all materials is BARC buildings and land development. The study evaluated all BARC buildings and produced an extensive report outlining their findings. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Formats: Maps; Photographs; Reprints Collection Number: 364 Collection Name: Shands, Henry, Lantern Slides Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: Henry Shands of the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation donated 27 3"x4" lantern slides related to farming. Images show experimental fields and farming equipment. There are no dates on the slides. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Henry Shands is an retired employee of the ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Farms and Farming Systems; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 368 Collection Name: John B. Carpenter Collection Earliest Date: 1854 Latest Date: 1954 Bulk Dates: 1952-1954 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The John B. Carpenter Collection includes materials relating to the project undertaken in the 1950s by John D. Carpenter to create a subject index to Miles Joseph Berkeley's work on Vegetable Pathology from 1854-1857. The collection contains one bound volume containing "Vegetable Pathology" by Miles Joseph Berkeley (1854-1857), extracted by John B. Carpenter in 1945 from The Gardener's Chronicle. There are ten pieces of correspondence between John B. Carpenter and J.G. Dickson on Carpenter's creation of an index to accompany the "Vegetable Pathology" work. Also included are two copies of the completed Index by Carpenter and one small binder containing "Observations, Botanical and Physiological, on the Potato Murrain" by Miles Joseph Berkeley. Historical or Biographical Sketch: John B. Carpenter was born in 1915 and worked as a Senior Plant Pathologist for the USDA Rubber Disease Investigation in La Hulera, Turrialba, Costa Rica in the 1950s. He later became a Senior Plant Pathologist in Indio, California. In the 1980s, Carpenter was a Cooperative Extension Specialist and Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Riverside. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; Plant Science; USDA History Collection Number: 369 Collection Name: United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services Dietary Guidelines Collection Earliest Date: 1977 Latest Date: 1997 Linear Feet: 29 Collection Description: Materials include correspondence, memoranda, reports, notes, drafts, publications, articles, posters, and audiotapes. There are also committee papers, including Senate Nutrition Subcommittee and Senate Agriculture Committee materials. New accession includes publications related to Nutrition Subcommittee of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee; dietary goals documents; and dietary guidelines documents. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) collaborated on writing dietary guidelines for Americans resulting in the 1980 document titled Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This was the first time the United States government made available nutritional guidelines to the public. These guidelines provided information based on the best current knowledge of the relationships of nutrition to maintaining health and minimizing the risk of disease. After the guidelines were published, several professional, industry, and Congressional groups argued as to whether it was appropriate for the government to offer any general nutrition message to the public beyond the basic food groups. Congressional hearings ensued. A committee was established by the USDA and the HHS to review the guidelines and update them in light of any new and pertinent scientific evidence. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Human Nutrition; USDA History Collection Number: 370 Collection Name: The Payne/National 4-H Fellowship Collection Earliest Date: 1941 Latest Date: 1980 Bulk Dates: 1947-1969 Linear Feet: 6.75 Collection Description: The Payne/National 4-H Fellowship Collection includes photographs, publications, scrapbooks, programs, monthly reports, newsletters and news clippings, and correspondence detailing various 4-H fellows. Historical or Biographical Sketch: The National 4-H Fellowship was one of the largest grants for study available to professional Extension workers. It was awarded beginning in 1931. Initially, two fellowships were established by Congresswoman Frances Payne Bolton of Ohio through the Payne Fund, Inc. (1927). The Payne organization established the 4-H fellowships as an experiment, in the hopes that the 4-H fellowship would be the nucleus of a larger number of permanent educational fellowships. Sixteen fellowships were granted by the Payne Fund from 1931-1938. Beginning with 1939, the fellowships were financed by the National 4-H Service Committee, and, since 1953, the Massey-Ferguson Company assisted the Committee in financial support of an enlarged program of six fellowships annually. The program ended in 1969. Fellowships were available to three men and three women. In one year, fellows learned the function, structure, and relationships of the Federal Extension Service and the Department of Agriculture; became acquainted with professional and educational organizations; and participated in the cultural experiences of Washington, D.C. Employees of the Extension Training Branch of the Federal Extension Service supervised the program. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Formats: Agricultural Art and Memorabilia; Photographs Collection Number: 372 Collection Name: Carver, George Washington, Correspondence Collection Earliest Date: 1932 Latest Date: 1943 Bulk Dates: 1932-1933, 1938, 1943 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The collection contains correspondence between Carver and former Agricultural Research Service scientist Paul R. Miller. There are three handwritten letters dated 1932-1933 from Carver and a reply from Miller regarding rust specimens. A signed portrait from Carver to Miller (1938) is included. Additionally, there are two letters dated 1943 from Rackham Holt (author of George Washington Carver: An American Biography) to Miller regarding Miller's text contribution to the book. Miller described Carver's standing in the scientific world. Historical or Biographical Sketch: George Washington Carver (1864-1943), farmer, agricultural chemist, and educator, dedicated his life to agricultural research projects. He developed crop-rotation methods for conserving nutrients in the soil and he created new uses for the peanut and sweet potato crops which helped to improve the southern agricultural economy. Carver was the first African American to serve on the faculty of Iowa State University and spent the majority of his career as director of agricultural research at Tuskegee Institute. Beginning in 1935, he worked for the United States Department of Agriculture as a collaborator in the Division of Plant Mycology. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural History; Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 374 Collection Name: Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) Symposia Records Earliest Date: 1987 Latest Date: 1993 Bulk Dates: 1987-1993 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: The Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) Symposia records are Friends of the Agricultural Research - Beltsville (FAR-B) files on the Beltsville Symposia starting in 1987 through 1993 (BARC Symposia XII-XXIV). There are programs, committee membership information, speaker and attendee materials, and bills and receipts with some explanatory letters. The materials were retained by Francis (Frank) Longen, the first and longest serving Treasurer of FAR-B. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Friends of the Agricultural Research-Beltsville (FAR-B) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the research, educational, and outreach programs at the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC). Its members include USDA alumni as well as individuals or groups from academia, industry, government, BARC employees and the general public. BARC is the centerpiece of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the research arm of the United States Department of Agriculture. It has an international reputation for its cutting-edge research in just about every scientific area and discipline. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Agricultural Organizations; USDA History Collection Number: 375 Collection Name: USDA Foot-and-Mouth Research Laboratory Records Earliest Date: 1943 Latest Date: 1956 Bulk Dates: 1947-1949 Linear Feet: 2.5 Collection Description: The USDA Foot-and-Mouth Research Laboratory Records consist of office files, correspondence, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications, reports to Congress, and materials related to the cooperation of the United States and Mexico to eradicate foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico. These records support the plans of the United States Department of Agriculture to increase the security of the United States from foot-and-mouth disease through research during the late 1940s. Historical or Biographical Sketch: In the 1940s, foot-and-mouth disease was one of the world's most widespread and costly livestock maladies. Congress passed Public Law 496 in 1948 which authorized the establishment of a foot-and-mouth disease research laboratory on a coastal island separated from the mainland by deep navigable water. The Bureau of Animal Industry developed preliminary plans for getting the project under way, obtained data on the suitability of the coastal islands of the United States and requested appropriation of necessary funds. The facility was eventually constructed on Plum Island, New York. In 1947, Congress authorized a cooperative project with Mexico to eradicate foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico. Both nations provided personnel and funds for the program. A combination of slaughter and vaccination was adopted as an eradication measure. By spring of 1951, foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico had been eradicated. Processed: No, contact Special Collections. Subjects: Animal Science; USDA History Collection Number: 377 Collection Name: Siegler, Eduoard Horace, Entomology Lantern Slides Earliest Date: 1915 Latest Date: 1931 Linear Feet: 2 Collection Description: The Eduoard Horace Siegler Entomology Lantern Slides are a collection of slides that may have been used by travelling extension agents for instructional sessions. The title of one set of slides is "How Insects Attack Garden Vegetables and Methods of Control." It was a joint contribution of the Bureau of Entomology and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating with the State Agricultural Colleges in extension work in agriculture and home economics. Some insects described include the colorado potato beetle, cabbage worm, asparagus beetle, the striped cucumber beetle, Mexican bean beetle, potato flee beetle, and squash-vine borer. There are also images of equipment used to spray insects. Another set of slides are related to the "Effect of Bentonite and of Hydrated Lime on the Toxicity of Phenothiazine to Codling Moth Larvae." Slides are undated but subjects correspond to the work of Siegler during 1915 to 1931. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Eduoard Horace Siegler (b. 1888), USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, researched insecticides, equipment, and methods of controlling orchard insect pests. He also investigated the codling month in Colorado. In 1917, he was in charge of the Connecticut at Wallingford field station for the study of deciduous fruit insects. Subjects: Entomology; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 378 Collection Name: Taylor, William A., Memory Book Earliest Date: 1944 Linear Feet: 0.5 Collection Description: This is a work copy of a memory book compiled and produced by friends of William A. Taylor, former Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, who was employed by the United States Department of Agriculture for over 20 years and retired in 1933. Taylor was so favorably remembered by his former associates that they prepared a memory book primarily of the Plant Industry Station in Beltsville in the 1940s and presented it to him in 1944. The book contains reminiscences, congratulatory letters, and photographs. The original given to Taylor had considerably less materials than this work copy saved by Robert L. Taylor (no relation to William). Robert L. Taylor was a scientific photographer who worked for the United States Department of Agriculture for over fifty years beginning in 1910 and travelled extensively with the cotton office in the 1920s and 1930s. He did the majority of the photographic work for the book and kept the work copy. Subjects: Plant Science; USDA History Formats: Photographs Collection Number: 380 Collection Name: Norcross, Marvin A., Papers Earliest Date: 1966 Latest Date: 2007 Bulk Dates: 1966-1996 Linear Feet: 10 Collection Description: The Marvin A. Norcross Papers relate to food safety and food residues, including integrating the concept of risk assessment into food production and processing. There are manuscripts for talks (including slides), publication, and awards. There is also all research data associated with his Ph.D. these titled "An Immunological Study of the Localization of Certain Chemical Carcinogens in Rat Tissue" and includes black and white photographs of dissections, camera slides, and microscope slides. Historical or Biographical Sketch: Born in Tansboro New Jersey, Dr. Norcross (1931-2007) attended Rutgers University and was the recipient of a Veterinary Medical degree (1959) and Ph.D. degree in Pathology (1966) from the University of Pennsylvania. He joined Merck, Sharpe and Dome, initially as a veterinary pathologist and later he was responsible for all developmental studies leading to new animal health products and related claims in the United States. Norcross moved to Rockville in 1975 and became director of the Division of Veterinary Medical Research with the Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration (1975-1978). After several positions at the Food and Drug Administration, Norcross moved to the Science and Technology Program, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture (1982-1994). There, in various positions, he was responsible for the overall planning, coordination, direction, and evaluation of the field laboratories and scientific development programs, and provided advice and recommendations regarding the development of overall missions, goals, and policies regarding scientific and technical initiatives in the FSIS. From 1994-1996, Norcross served as the first full-time United States Coordinator for Codex Alimentarius, an inter-governmental body jointly established in 1963 by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization, to coordinate international food safety and quality standards. He retired in 1996. Subjects: Animal Science; Physical Sciences; USDA History
Last Modified : June 13, 2007