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LEPRE1

Reviewed November 2007

What is the official name of the LEPRE1 gene?

The official name of this gene is “leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan (leprecan) 1.”

LEPRE1 is the gene's official symbol. The LEPRE1 gene is also known by other names, listed below.

What is the normal function of the LEPRE1 gene?

The LEPRE1 gene, which is also known as P3H1, provides instructions for making an enzyme called leprecan or prolyl-3 hydroxylase 1. This enzyme works with two other proteins, cartilage associated protein and cyclophilin B, as part of a complex that helps process certain forms of collagen. Collagens are proteins that provide strength, support, and the ability to stretch (elasticity) to many body tissues.

The leprecan-containing complex modifies a protein building block (amino acid) called proline in collagen molecules. This modification, which is known as proline 3-hydroxylation, appears to be critical for the normal folding and assembly of collagen. It also may be important for releasing collagen molecules into the spaces around cells (the extracellular matrix). The secretion of collagen from cells is necessary for the proper formation of connective tissues, such as bones, tendons, and cartilage, that form the body's supportive framework.

Studies suggest that leprecan has several additional functions. For example, this enzyme may play a role in interactions between certain types of cells and the extracellular matrix that surrounds them. Other research indicates that leprecan may act as a tumor suppressor, preventing cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

How are changes in the LEPRE1 gene related to health conditions?

osteogenesis imperfecta - caused by mutations in the LEPRE1 gene

At least four mutations in the LEPRE1 gene have been identified in people with a rare, severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta classified as type VIII. These mutations prevent cells from producing any functional leprecan. Without this enzyme, certain forms of collagen are not modified through proline 3-hydroxylation. The altered collagen molecules are incorrectly folded, and some abnormal collagen is secreted from cells more slowly than usual. These collagen defects weaken connective tissues, resulting in extremely slow growth and thin, brittle bones that may fracture before birth.

Where is the LEPRE1 gene located?

Cytogenetic Location: 1p34.1

Molecular Location on chromosome 1: base pairs 42,984,632 to 43,005,269

The LEPRE1 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 1 at position 34.1.

The LEPRE1 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 1 at position 34.1.

More precisely, the LEPRE1 gene is located from base pair 42,984,632 to base pair 43,005,269 on chromosome 1.

See How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/genelocation) in the Handbook.

Where can I find additional information about LEPRE1?

You and your healthcare professional may find the following resources about LEPRE1 helpful.

  • Educational resources - Information pages
    • Molecular Biology of the Cell (fourth edition, 2002): Collagens Are the Major Proteins of the Extracellular Matrix (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.3532#3551)
    • Molecular Cell Biology (fourth edition, 2000): Collagen: The Fibrous Proteins of the Matrix (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.section.6542)
    • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: Second Gene Discovered for Recessive Form of Brittle Bone Disease (February 8, 2007) (http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2007/nichd-08.htm)
    • The Cell: A Molecular Approach (second edition, 2000): Collagen fibrils (figure) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cooper.figgrp.2050)

You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for genetics professionals and researchers.

  • PubMed - Recent literature (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=PubMed&term=((LEPRE1[TIAB])+OR+(leprecan[TIAB]))+OR+((GROS1[ALL])+OR+(P3H1[ALL]))&orig_db=PubMed&filters=ON&pmfilter_EDatLimit=3600+Days)
  • OMIM - Genetic disorder catalog (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=610339)
  • Research Resources - Tools for researchers
    • Entrez Gene (http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64175)
    • GeneCards (http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp?LEPRE1)
    • HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=19316)

What other names do people use for the LEPRE1 gene or gene products?

  • GROS1
  • growth suppressor 1
  • Leucine- and proline-enriched proteoglycan 1
  • MGC117314
  • P3H1
  • P3H1_HUMAN
  • prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1

See How are genetic conditions and genes named? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/naming) in the Handbook.

What glossary definitions help with understanding LEPRE1?

acids ; amino acid ; autosomal ; autosomal recessive ; cartilage ; cell ; collagen ; connective tissue ; enzyme ; extracellular ; extracellular matrix ; gene ; leucine ; molecule ; mutation ; osteogenesis ; protein ; proteoglycan ; recessive ; secretion ; sulfate ; tendon ; tissue ; tumor

You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary).

References
  • Cabral WA, Chang W, Barnes AM, Weis M, Scott MA, Leikin S, Makareeva E, Kuznetsova NV, Rosenbaum KN, Tifft CJ, Bulas DI, Kozma C, Smith PA, Eyre DR, Marini JC. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal/severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Genet. 2007 Mar;39(3):359-65. Epub 2007 Feb 4. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17277775)
  • Kaul SC, Sugihara T, Yoshida A, Nomura H, Wadhwa R. Gros1, a potential growth suppressor on chromosome 1: its identity to basement membrane-associated proteoglycan, leprecan. Oncogene. 2000 Jul 27;19(32):3576-83. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10951563)
  • Marini JC, Cabral WA, Barnes AM, Chang W. Components of the Collagen Prolyl 3-Hydroxylation Complex are Crucial for Normal Bone Development. Cell Cycle. 2007 May 18;6(14) [Epub ahead of print]. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17630507)
  • Vranka JA, Sakai LY, Bachinger HP. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, enzyme characterization and identification of a novel family of enzymes. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 28;279(22):23615-21. Epub 2004 Mar 24. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15044469)
  • Wassenhove-McCarthy DJ, McCarthy KJ. Molecular characterization of a novel basement membrane-associated proteoglycan, leprecan. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 27;274(35):25004-17. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10455179)

 

The resources on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Users seeking information about a personal genetic disease, syndrome, or condition should consult with a qualified healthcare professional. See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/consult/findingprofessional) in the Handbook.

 
Reviewed: November 2007
Published: January 30, 2009