| TNM Classification |
Histological/Clinical Features |
| Pharynx (C01, C05.1,
C09, C10.0, C10.2, C10.3, C11-C13) |
| TX |
Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 |
No evidence of primary tumor |
| Tis |
carcinoma in situ |
| Oropharynx |
|
| T1 |
2 cm or less |
| T2 |
> 2 but < 4 cm |
| T3 |
> 4 cm |
| T4 |
Invades adjacent structures |
| T4a |
invades larynx, deep/extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid,
hard palate, or mandible |
| T4b |
invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx,
or skull base or encases carotid artery |
| Hypopharynx |
|
| T1 |
limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and 2cm or < |
| T2 |
> 2 but < 4 cm without fixation or more than one subsite or adjacent
site |
| T3 |
> 4 cm or with hemilarynx fixation |
| T4a |
invades thyroid/cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, thyroid gland, esophagus,
or central compartment soft tissue |
| T4b |
invades prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal
structures |
| Nasopharynx |
|
| T1 |
confined to nasopharynx |
| T2 |
extends to soft tissue of oropharynx and/or nasal fossa |
| T2a |
without parapharyngeal extension |
| T2b |
with parapharyngeal extension |
| T3 |
Invades bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses |
| T4 |
Intracranial extension, and/or involvement of cranial nerves, infratemporal
fossa, hypopharynx, or orbit |
