National Toxicology Program

CASRN: 28407-37-6

Formula: C32-H16-CU2-N6-O16-S4.4NA

Synonyms/Common Names:

• BLUE 218, C.I. DIRECT
• MU-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-DIHYDROXY[1,1'-BIPHENYL]-4,4'-DIYL)BIS(AZO)]BIS[5-AMINO-4-HYDROXY-2,7,NAPHTHALENEDISULFONATO]](4-)]]DICOPPER, TETRASODIUM SALT

Known Uses:

DYE FOR CELLULOSE, ACETATE, NYLON, SILK, WOOL, TISSUE AND FINE PAPERS. (TDB)

Short-Term Toxicity

• 14-Day (Dosed-Feed)  (C60877A) Completed 
  • NTIS No. PB94-215993
    Citation: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Direct Blue 218 (CAS No. 28407-37-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)
  • Rats: F344/N; Mice: B6C3F1
• 13-Week (Dosed-Feed)  (C60877A) Completed 
  • NTIS No. PB94-215993
    Citation: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Direct Blue 218 (CAS No. 28407-37-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)
  • Rats: F344/N; Mice: B6C3F1
  • Dose: 0,3000,20000 PPM/10 PER GROUP

Long-Term Carcinogenicity

• 2-YEAR (Dosed-Feed)  (C60877B) Report Complete 
  • TR-430 (NTIS No. PB94-215993)  (Peer Review 12/01/1992)
    Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Direct Blue 218 (CAS No. 28407-37-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)
  • Mice: B6C3F1; Rats: F344/N
  • Carcinogenesis Results
  • Male Mice Clear Evidence 
  • Female Mice Clear Evidence 
  • Male Rats Some Evidence 
  • Female Rats No Evidence 
  • Dose: R&M: 0, 1000, 3000, 10000 PPM/60 PER GROUP
• 2-Year (Dosed-Feed)  (C60877B) Report Complete 
  • TR-430 (NTIS No. PB94-215993)  (Peer Review 12/01/1992)
    Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Direct Blue 218 (CAS No. 28407-37-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)
  • Rats: F344/N
  • Carcinogenesis Results
  • Male Rats Some Evidence 
  • Female Rats No Evidence 
  • Dose: R&M: 0, 1000, 3000, 10000 PPM/60 PER GROUP

Genetic Toxicology

• In Vitro Cytogenetics (CA/SCE)  (376714) Completed 
  • Chromosome Aberation Negative 
  • Sister Chromatid Exchange Weakly Positive 
• Drosophila  (667824) Completed 
  • Citation: Woodruff, R.C., Mason, J.M., Valencia, R., and Zimmering, S. Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila: V. Results of 53 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. Environ. Mutagen. Vol. 7 (1985) 677-702
  • Reciprocal Translocation/Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Negative 
• Salmonella  (671973) Completed 
  • Citation: Mortelmans, K., Haworth, S., Lawlor, T., Speck, W., Tainer, B., and Zeiger, E. Salmonella mutagenicity tests. II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals Environ. Mutagen. Vol. 8 (Suppl 7) (1986) 1-119
  •  Negative 
• Salmonella Reduction  (693029) Completed 
  • Citation: Reid, T., Morton K., and King, C. Mutagenicity of azo dyes following metabolism by different reductive/oxidative systems. Environ. Mutagen. Vol. 6 (1984) 705-717
  •  Negative