Product Pathways - Ca / cAMP / Lipid Signaling
Phospho-PKA C (Thr197) Antibody #4781
Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
W F E-P | H M R Mk | Endogenous | 42 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
F=Flow Cytometry
E-P=ELISA (Peptide)
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Protocols
- 4781:
- ELISA Peptide, Flow, Western Blotting
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-PKA C (Thr197) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PKA C (-alpha, -beta and -gamma) only when phosphorylated at Thr197. This antibody does not cross-react with PKA C phosphorylated at other sites.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr197 of PKA C. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA or cAPK) in mammalian cells and controls many cellular mechanisms such as gene transcription, ion transport and protein phosphorylation (1). Inactive PKA is a heterotetramer composed of a regulatory subunit (R) dimer and a catalytic subunit (C) dimer. In this inactive state, the pseudosubstrate sequences on the R subunits block the active sites on the C subunits. Three C subunit isoforms (C-α, C-β and C-γ) and two families of regulatory subunits (RI and RII) with distinct cAMP binding properties have been identified. Within the two R families, two isoforms, α and β (RI-α, RI-β, RII-α and RII-β) exist. Upon binding of cAMP to the R subunits, the autoinhibitory contact is eased and active monomeric C subunits are released. PKA shares substrate specificity with Akt (PKB) and PKC, which is characterized by an arginine at position -3 relative to the phosphorylated serine or threonine residue (2). Substrates that present this consensus sequence and have been shown to be phosphorylated by PKA are Bad (Ser155), CREB (Ser133) and GSK-3 (GSK-3α Ser21 and GSK-3β Ser9) (3-5). In addition, combined knock-down of PKA C-α and -β blocks cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of Raf (Ser43 and Ser259) (6). Autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by PDK-1 are two known mechanisms responsible for phosphorylation of the C subunit at Thr197 (7).
- Montminy, M. (1997) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66, 807-822.
- Dell'Acqua, M.L. and Scott, J.D. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12881-12884.
- Tan, Y. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25865-25869.
- Gonzalez, G.A. and Montminy, M.R. (1989) Cell 59, 675-680.
- Fang, X. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 11960-11965.
- Dumaz, N. and Marais, R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29819 -29823.
- Moore, M.J. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47878-47884.
Application References
Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!
Companion Products
- 4782 PKA C-α Antibody
- 7577 HTScan® PDK1 Kinase Assay Kit
- 1024 PKA (Thr197) Biotinylated Peptide
- 9621 Phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA Substrate Antibody
- 6406 SignalSilence® PKA C-α siRNA I
- 9297 Phospho-Bad (Ser155) Antibody
- 9190 PhosphoPlus® CREB (Ser133) Antibody Kit
- 9191 Phospho-CREB (Ser133) Antibody
- 9196 Phospho-CREB (Ser133) (1B6) Mouse mAb
- 9331 Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody
- 9421 Phospho-c-Raf (Ser259) Antibody
- 7071 Phototope®-HRP Western Blot Detection System, Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
- 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
- 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
- 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
- 7003 20X LumiGLO® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.