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1:
Prev Med.
2007 Mar;44(3):189-95. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
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Comment in:
Prev Med. 2007 Mar;44(3):196-7.
Food store availability and neighborhood characteristics in the United States.
Powell LM
,
Slater S
,
Mirtcheva D
,
Bao Y
,
Chaloupka FJ
.
Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. powelll@uic.edu
OBJECTIVE: This study provides a multivariate analysis of the availability of food store outlets in the US and associations with neighborhood characteristics on race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). METHOD: Commercial food store outlet data are linked across 28,050 zip codes to Census 2000 data. Multivariate regression analyses are used to examine associations between the availability of chain supermarkets, non-chain supermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores and neighborhood characteristics on race, ethnicity and SES including additional controls for population size, urbanization and region. RESULTS: Low-income neighborhoods have fewer chain supermarkets with only 75% (p<0.01) of that available in middle-income neighborhoods. Even after controlling for income and other covariates, the availability of chain supermarkets in African American neighborhoods is only 52% (p<0.01) of that in White neighborhoods with even less relative availability in urban areas. Hispanic neighborhoods have only 32% (p<0.01) as many chain supermarkets compared to non-Hispanic neighborhoods. Non-chain supermarkets and grocery stores are more prevalent in low-income and minority neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: The study results highlight the importance of various potential public policy measures for improving access to supermarkets that may serve to reduce systematic local area barriers that are shown to exist by race, ethnicity and income.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH Terms:
Censuses
Diet/economics
Diet/ethnology
Diet/standards*
Food Industry/classification
Food Industry/economics
Food Industry/standards*
Health Behavior
Humans
Income/classification
Marketing/economics
Marketing/statistics & numerical data*
Minority Groups/statistics & numerical data
Multivariate Analysis
Postal Service
Poverty Areas
Public Policy*
Residence Characteristics/classification*
Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data
Rural Health
Small-Area Analysis
Socioeconomic Factors
United States
Urban Health
PMID: 16997358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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