National Toxicology Program

• Primary Uses or Exposures: HBV is a small DNA-enveloped virus that causes viral hepatitis. In 1992-93 U.S. surveillance studies, most cases resulted from heterosexual transmission (41%), followed by intravenous drug use (15%) and homosexual transmission (9%); however, 31% of HBV infections were not associated with any known risk factors.
• Nominated by: NIEHS
• Basis for Nomination: Classified by IARC¹ as carcinogenic to humans based on sufficient evidence in humans
• Current Status: Listed in the RoC as known to be a human carcinogen since the 11th RoC (2004)

¹ International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC)