Biopsychosocial Intervention and/or Options
- Places for care:
- Institutional:
- Hospital.
- Rehabilitation unit.
- Long-term acute care.
- Skilled nursing facility.
- Inpatient hospice unit.[1,2]
- Residential:
- Home.
- Assisted-living facility.
- Nursing home.[3]
- Possible team members for delivery of care:
- Nurse, advance practice nurse (nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, oncology, hospice, home care, rehabilitative, palliative care, radiation therapy).
- Physician (oncologist, hospice, palliative care, primary care provider, general practitioner, internist, physiatrist [physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation]).
- Dietitian.
- Physical therapist.
- Occupational therapist.
- Medical social worker: assessment and referral for concrete
services.[4]
- Mental health professional: psychiatric nurse, psychiatric social
worker, psychologist, and psychiatrist.
- Family minister, chaplain, priest, rabbi, or other clergy.
- Companion.
- Nursing assistants (may possibly be obtained
through sectarian or nonsectarian family agencies for a minimal fee
or free of charge, or may be obtained through proprietary home care
agencies at patient and/or family expense).
- Programs offering a range of skills for delivery of care:
- Home health agencies.
- Hospice programs.
- Palliative care (consultation) programs.
- Community psychosocial support programs.
- Home infusion agencies.
-
Bereavement programs.[5]
- Legal and/or advanced directives:
- Physician.
- Hospital social worker.
- Family attorney.
- Legal Aid Society.
- Law school clinics.
- Maintenance of written documentation regarding patient’s wishes.
- Pharmaceutical support:
- Pain and symptom management (e.g., opioids, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antiemetics, and appetite stimulants).[2,6-8]
(Refer to the PDQ summary on Pain for more information.)
- Chemotherapy.
- Transfusions (blood products).
- Antibiotics.
- Growth factors.
- Nutrition (enteral and total parenteral).
(Refer to the PDQ summary on Nutrition in Cancer Care for more information.)
- Respiratory therapy.
- Wound and skin preparations.
- Nutrition:
- Standard oral.
- Supplemental:
- Oral.
- Enteral nutrition by nasogastric feeding, gastrointestinal, gastrojejunostomy, or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes.
- Parenteral nutrition (PN), central or peripheral.[9]
- None (as an option).
- Evaluation of nutritional status and home education.
(Refer to the PDQ summary on Nutrition in Cancer Care for more information.)
- Special devices:
- Ostomies/drainage devices:
- Gastrostomy.
- Colostomy.
- Ileostomy.
- Tracheostomy.
- Pleural fluid drains (e.g., chest tube and Denver catheter).
- Biliary drainage tube.
- Abscess drainage devices.
- Percutaneous nephrostomy tube.
- Paracentesis draining devices.
- Assistive devices:
- Hospital bed.
- Commode chair.
- Wheelchair.
- Wheelchair
cushions.
- Scooter.
- Walker.
- Cane.
- Crutches.
- Braces.
- Prostheses.
- Handheld shower.
- Shower/tub chair.
- Orthoses.
- Specialized mattress or overlay.
- Overbed trapeze.
- Mechanical lifts.
- Catheters:
- Central venous access catheter.
- Peripheral
catheter (e.g., peripherally inserted central catheter).
- Dialysis catheter.
- Urinary catheter: condom catheter, indwelling catheter (Foley or suprapubic).
- Epidural or intrathecal catheter.
-
Venous pumps (permanent or temporary):
- Chemotherapy.
- Opioids (subcutaneous infusions for opioids).
- Pain medication. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Pain for more information.)
- Suction equipment:
- Nasogastric and endotracheal suctioning devices.
- Yankur suction tube.
- Respiratory:
- Oxygen (portable, stationary).
- Assisted ventilation (portable respirator, continuous positive airway pressure, bi-level positive airway pressure, Vapotherm humidification system).
- Respiratory treatments (chest physiotherapy, intermittent positive pressure breathing inhalers, or nebulizer treatments).
References
-
Plumb JD, Ogle KS: Hospice care. Prim Care 19 (4): 807-20, 1992.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Ramsay A: Care of cancer patients in a home-based hospice program: a comparison of oncologists and primary care physicians. J Fam Pract 34 (2): 170-4, 1992.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Jordhøy MS, Saltvedt I, Fayers P, et al.: Which cancer patients die in nursing homes? Quality of life, medical and sociodemographic characteristics. Palliat Med 17 (5): 433-44, 2003.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Jones RV, Hansford J, Fiske J: Death from cancer at home: the carers' perspective. BMJ 306 (6872): 249-51, 1993.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Whittam EH: Terminal care of the dying child. Psychosocial implications of care. Cancer 71 (10 Suppl): 3450-62, 1993.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Wotring RA: Cancer pain management. Home Healthc Nurse 11 (5): 40-4, 1993 Sep-Oct.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Herbst LH, Strause LG: Transdermal fentanyl use in hospice home-care patients with chronic cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 7 (3 Suppl): S54-7, 1992.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
McCormack A, Hunter-Smith D, Piotrowski ZH, et al.: Analgesic use in home hospice cancer patients. J Fam Pract 34 (2): 160-4, 1992.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Howard L: Home parenteral and enteral nutrition in cancer patients. Cancer 72 (11 Suppl): 3531-41, 1993.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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