I 131 monoclonal antibody CC49| A radioimmunoconjugate of the humanized monoclonal antibody CC49 labeled with iodine I 131. Iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody CC49 delivers beta and gamma radiation-emitting I 131 radionuclide specifically to tumor cells that express tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72, allowing localization of TAG-72-expressing tumor cells with radioimaging devices in diagnostic applications or resulting in specific TAG-72-expressing tumor cell radiocytotoxicity in therapeutic applications. Monoclonal antibody CC49 binds to TAG-72, a pancarcinoma antigen, with high affinity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ibandronate sodium| The sodium salt of ibadronic acid, a synthetic nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Ibandronic acid inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, resulting in a reduction in geranylgeranyl GTPase signaling proteins and apoptosis of osteoclasts. This agent increases bone mineral density, decreases bone remodeling, inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and reduces metastases-related and corticosteroid-related bone pain. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ibritumomab tiuxetan| An immunoconjugate of the monoclonal antibody ibritumomab conjugated with the linker-chelator tiuxetan, a high affinity, conformationally restricted chelation site for radioisotopes. When bound to indium In 111 or yttrium Y 90, ibritumomab tiuxetan, targeting the CD20 antigen on B cell surfaces, specifically delivers a potentially cytotoxic dose of radiation to B lymphocytes. Ibritumomab is a murine IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen, which is found on the surface of normal and malignant B lymphocytes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ibuprofen| A propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis, by prostaglandin synthase, the main physiologic effect of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane A2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IC-GREEN| (Other name for: indocyanine green solution) |
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ICE regimen
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idarubicin| A semisynthetic 4-demethoxy analogue of the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin. Idarubicin intercalates into DNA and interferes with the activity of topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis. Due to its high lipophilicity, idarubicin penetrates cell membranes more efficiently than other anthracycline antibiotic compounds. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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idiotype-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine APC8020| A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor-derived clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, idiotype-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine APC8020, containing idiotype (Id) protein structures that can be recognized by antibodies and by CD41 T lymphocytes and CD81 T lymphocytes, may stimulate antitumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses against Id-expressing tumor cells.
The Id represents the unique antigenic determinants in the variable regions of the clonal Ig. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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idoxuridine| An iodinated analogue of deoxyuridine. Idoxuridine incorporates into DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle, sensitizing cells to ionizing radiation by increasing DNA strand breaks. When this agent contains a radioactive isomer of iodine, the radioactive idoxuridine kills cancer cells directly after preferential incorporation into the DNA of rapidly dividing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Ifosfamidum| (Other name for: ifosfamide) |
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IGF-1R antagonist BMS-754807| An orally bioavailable antagonist of human insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. IGF-1R antagonist BMS-7548077 binds to IGF-1R, preventing IGF-1 ligand binding and activation of IGF-1R-mediated signaling pathways; inhibition of IGF-1R-mediated signaling pathways may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF-1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on most tumor cells and is involved in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906| An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 selectively inhibits IGF-1R, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, IGFR-1 stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract
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IL-2 plasmid DNA/lipid complex| An immunotherapeutic agent consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding human Interleukin-2 (IL-2) complexed with a cationic lipid, 1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-dimethyl-hydroxyethyl ammonium bromide/dioleyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DMRIE/DOPE), in a 5:1 ratio. Due to the lipophilic nature of this cation liposome complex, this gene transfer system may improve the efficiency of introducing the IL-2 gene into the cells, thereby increasing the production of IL-2 and inducing an immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IL-2 recombinant fusion protein ALT-801| A recombinant protein consisting of the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to a humanized soluble T-cell receptor (TCR) directed against a tumor suppressor p53-derived antigen with potential immunopotentiating and antineoplastic activities. The TCR moiety of IL-2 recombinant fusion protein ALT-801 binds to tumor cells displaying p53 epitope/MHC complexes; subsequently, the tumor cell-localized IL-2 moiety may stimulate natural killer (NK) cell and T cell cytotoxic immune responses against p53-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iloprost| A prostacyclin analogue with potential chemopreventive activity. Iloprost binds to the prostacyclin receptor in various target cells, thereby causing vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and decreased tumor cell adhesion to endothelium among other effects. Prostacyclin is a naturally occurring eicosanoid with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and anti-metastatic properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Ilotycin| (Other name for: erythromycin) |
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Imagent| (Other name for: perflubron) |
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imatinib mesylate| The mesylate salt of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Imatinib binds to an intracellular pocket located within tyrosine kinases (TK), thereby inhibiting ATP binding and preventing phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of growth receptors and their downstream signal transduction pathways. This agent inhibits TK encoded by the bcr-abl oncogene as well as receptor TKs encoded by the c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) oncogenes. Inhibition of the bcr-abl TK results in decreased proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in malignant cells of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies such as CML and ALL; effects on c-kit TK activity inhibit mast-cell and cellular proliferation in those diseases overexpressing c-kit, such as mastocytosis and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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imexon| A 2-cyanoaziridine derivative with antitumor activity in multiple myeloma. Although its mechanism of action is not clearly known, imexon may induce apoptosis via a pathway involving cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and/or caspase-8. Other cytotoxic mechanisms of action of this agent may involve thiol depletion, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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imidazole mustard| A synthetic derivative of imidazole with potent antineoplastic properties. Imidazole mustard alkylates DNA, preferentially at guanine residues, resulting in DNA interstrand crosslinks and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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imipenem| A broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam carbapenem derived from thienamycin, produced by Streptomyces cattleya. Imipenem binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes that are involved in the last stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. This inactivation results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually causes cell lysis. Imipenem has the greatest affinity for PBP 1A, 1B, and 2, and its lethal effect is related to binding to PBP 2 and 1B. This antibiotic is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is stable in the presence of beta-lactamases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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imiquimod| A synthetic agent with immune response modifying activity. As an immune response modifier (IRM), imiquimod stimulates cytokine production, especially interferon production, and exhibits antitumor activity, particularly against cutaneous cancers. Imiquimod's proapoptotic activity appears to be related to Bcl-2 overexpression in susceptible tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ImmTher| (Other name for: disaccharide tripeptide glycerol dipalmitoyl) |
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Immucell WGP| (Other name for: beta-glucan) |
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immunoadjuvant QS-DG| A synthetic saponin, chemically identical to the natural saponin QS-21, with immunoadjuvant activity. When co-administered with vaccine antigens, immunoadjuvant QS-DG may increase total antitumoral vaccine-specific antibody responses and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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immunotherapy regimen MKC-1106-MT| An immunotherapy regimen containing three components: a plasmid encoding portions of the two melanoma-associated antigens Melan A (also called MART-1) and tyrosinase and two synthetic analogs of Melan-A and tyrosinase antigen epitopes with potential immunostimulating and antitumor activities. First, the plasmid is injected directly into lymph nodes in order to sensitize or prime anitigen-presenting cells (APCs) and central memory T cells in lymph nodes to plasmid-expressed Melan A and tyrosinase. After several priming injections with plasmids, the Melan A and tyrosinase synthetic epitope analogs are injected directly into lymph nodes; upon binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on APC cell surfaces, these synthetic epitope analogs may stimulate a "primed" cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against melanoma tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Melan-A and tyrosinase are overexpressed by melanoma tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Immunox| (Other name for: thymopentin) |
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Imodium A-D| (Other name for: loperamide hydrochloride) |
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IMP321| A T-cell immunostimulatory factor derived from the soluble form of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) protein with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, alone or in combination with tumor antigens, IMP321 binds, with high affinity, to MHC class II molecules expressed by dendritic cells (DC), which may result in DC maturation, DC migration to lymph nodes, enhanced DC cross-presentation of antigens to T cells, and antitumor cytotoxic T cell responses. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IMT-1012 immunotherapeutic vaccine| A multi-peptide cancer vaccine with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. IMT-1012 immunotherapeutic vaccine contains twelve different synthetic peptides or tumor associated antigens (TAAs), including cyclin I (CCNI), cyclin-dependent kinase CDC2, EDDRI and TACE/ADAM17, each of which is involved in a different pathway associated with tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Each antigen in the vaccine elicits a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response against tumor cells expressing that antigen. This multi-antigen/multi-pathway targeting strategy provides broad immunotherapeutic coverage with respect to tumor complexity and heterogeneity and may result in enhanced vaccine efficacy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Imuran| (Other name for: azathioprine sodium) |
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inalimarev| A cancer vaccine comprised of a recombinant vaccinia viral vector encoding the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC-1 (mucin-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein secreted by glandular tissues, and TRICOM, comprised of the three co-stimulatory molecule transgenes B7-1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3. Upon administration, inalimarev may enhance CEA and MUC-1 presentation to antigen presenting cells (APC) and may activate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against CEA- and MUC-1-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Inapsine| (Other name for: droperidol) |
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Incel| (Other name for: biricodar dicitrate) |
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incomplete Freund's adjuvant
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indibulin| A synthetic small molecule with antimitotic and potential antineoplastic activities. Indibulin binds to a site on tubulin that is different from taxane- or Vinca alkaloid-binding sites, destabilizing tubulin polymerization and inducing tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent has been shown to be active against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and taxane- resistant tumor cell lines. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indicine-N-oxide
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indinavir sulfate| A synthetic antiviral agent. Indinavir selectively binds to the active site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and inhibits its activity, preventing the protease-mediated cleavage of gag-pol viral polyproteins; as a result immature, noninfectious virions are produced. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium I 111 bevacizumab| A radioimmunoconjugate comprised of the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab conjugated with the gamma-emitting radioisotope indium In 111. Indium I 111 bevacizumab binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), allowing the detection of VEGF distribution using gamma scintigraphy.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium I 111 chimeric monoclonal antibody G250| A radioimmunoconjugate comprised of the chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 conjugated with the gamma-emitting radioisotope indium In 111. Indium I 111 chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 binds to G250, allowing the localization of G250-expressing tumor cells using gamma scintigraphy.
Found in the majority of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), G250 or carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX (CA IX) is a cell surface tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 chimeric monoclonal antibody 806| A recombinant chimeric, mouse-human monoclonal antibody IgG1, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and labeled with the radioisotope indium-111, with potential radioimaging activity. Indium 111 chimeric monoclonal antibody 806 binds to a specific epitope on EGFR-expressing tumor cells, allowing imaging of EGFR-expressing tumor cells using gamma scintigraphy. EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell growth and is found to be overexpressed on the cell surfaces of many tumor cell types. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 CHX-A DTPA trastuzumab| An indium I 111-labeled trastuzumab with potential use as an imaging agent. Indium In 111 CHX-A DTPA trastuzumab is chemically conjugated via a bifunctional metal chelator molecule, 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-cyclohexyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (CHX-A DTPA), a backbone-substituted derivative of DTPA. This agent may allow radioimmunolocalization of HER2-positive cells. Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), may elicit an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells that overexpress HER2. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 ibritumomab tiuxetan| A targeted radioimmunoconjugate composed of a murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (ibritumomab) linked by a chelator (tiuxetan) to the imaging radioisotope indium-111. This radioimmunoconjugate binds to CD20-positive cells, permitting radioimmuno-localization of CD20-positive cell biodistribution. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 monoclonal antibody BrE-3| A humanized monoclonal antibody conjugated to the imaging radioisotope (indium-111). This radioimmunoconjugate binds to the breast epithelial mucin antigen, which is found primarily on breast cancer cells, permitting radioimmmuno-localization of mucin-positive tumor cells and an estimate of radiation dosimetry prior to administration of cytotoxic radiotherapy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 monoclonal antibody huPAM4| The humanized monoclonal antibody huPAM4, directed against the pancreatic cancer antigen MUC-1 and radiolabled with the gamma-emitting radioisotope indium I 111, with radioisotopic and antibody activities. Upon administration, indium In 111 monoclonal antibody huPAM4 may bind to MUC-1-positive tumor cells, allowing radioimmunolocalization with gamma scintigraphy. Overexpressed by many tumor cell types, MUC-1 antigen, a mammary-type apomucin, is a high-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111 pentetate| A sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of radioactive indium In 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). When administered intrathecally, indium In 111 pentetate percolates up the spinal canal with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the basal cisterns of the posterior and middle cranial fossas. This agent is used in radionuclide cisternography to image the flow of CSF, for the identification of abnormalities in CSF circulation, for location of sites of CSF leakage, and for evaluation of CSF shunt patency. Normally, this agent does not penetrate into the brain ventricles. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111-CMD-193| A radiolabeled antibody-targeted antineoplastic antibiotic consisting of the enediyne antibiotic calicheamicin conjugated with anti-Lewis Y antibody and labeled with indium In 111. In 111 CMD-193 binds to Lewis Y antigen-expressing tumor cells via its antibody moiety and is internalized; subsequently, the calicheamicin moiety binds to the minor groove of tumor cell DNA, causing double-strand DNA breaks, the inhibition of DNA synthesis, and apoptosis. The indium In 111 radiolabel allows the detection of CMD-193 distribution and tumor localization using gamma scintigraphy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111-labeled autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells| A preparation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) radiolabeled with indium In 111 with radioisoptoic activity. Autologous PBMCs are isolated, expanded ex vivo, radiolabeled with indium In 111, and then infused back into the patient. Gamma scintigraphy may then be used to image gamma ray-emitting indium In 111 PBMCs localized in lymhoma tissue. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indium In 111-labeled autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes| A preparation of autologous peripheral polymorphonuclear (PMNLs) radiolabeled with indium In 111 with radioisoptoic activity. Autologous PMNLs are isolated, expanded ex vivo, radiolabeled with indium In 111, and then infused back into the patient. Gamma scintigraphy may then be used to image gamma ray-emitting indium In 111 PMNLs localized in lymhoma tissue. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Indocin| (Other name for: indomethacin) |
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indocyanine green solution| A sterile solution of a nontoxic tricarbocyanine dye with a peak spectral absorption at 790 nm, used for determining cardiac output, hepatic function, and liver blood flow, as well as for ophthalmic angiography. Designed to be administered intravenously, indocyanine green solution (ICG) contains less than 5% sodium iodide. Upon intravenous injection, ICG rapidly binds to its principle carrier, plasma protein, and is thereby confined to the vascular space. This agent, with a half-life of 150 to 180 seconds, is removed exclusively by the liver from circulation to bile juice. Furthermore, due to poor uptake, ICG is not suitable for angiography or functional output analysis of kidney, lung, cerebro-spinal, or peripheral tissues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indole-3-carbinol| A naturally occurring, orally available cleavage product of the glucosinolate glucobrassicanin, a natural compound present in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive properties. Indole-3-carbinol scavenges free radicals and induces various hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Specifically, this agent induces the hepatic monooxygenase cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), resulting in increased 2-hydroxylation of estrogens and increased production of the chemoprotective estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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indomethacin| A synthetic nonsteroidal indole derivative with anti-inflammatory activity and chemopreventive properties. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indomethacin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thereby preventing cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines. This agent also may inhibit the expression of multidrug-resistant protein type 1, resulting in increased efficacies of some antineoplastic agents in treating multi-drug resistant tumors. In addition, indomethacin activates phosphatases that inhibit the migration and proliferation of cancer cells and downregulates survivin, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Infergen| (Other name for: interferon alfacon-1) |
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infliximab| A recombinant chimeric, mouse-human monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a protein involved in inflammation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Infliximab may be pro- apoptotic or anti-apoptotic, depending on cell type. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Infumorph| (Other name for: morphine sulfate) |
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ingenol 3-angelate| A selective small-molecule activator of protein kinase C (PKC) isolated from the plant Euphorbia peplus with potential antineoplastic activity. Ingenol 3-angelate (I3A) activates various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, thereby inducing apoptosis in some tumor cells, including myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, and basal cell carcinoma cells. The PKC family consists of signaling isoenzymes that regulate many cell processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Innohep| (Other name for: tinzaparin sodium) |
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INO-1001| A isoindolinone derivative and potent inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with chemosensitization and radiosensitization properties. INO-1001 inhibits PARP, which may result in inhibition of tumor cell DNA repair mechanisms and, so, tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. PARP enzymes are activated by DNA breaks and have been implicated in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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inosine dialdehyde| A toxic purine analogue. Inosine dialdehyde inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in decreased synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. This agent also forms stable covalent crosslinks in proteins, thereby inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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inositol| A natural sugar found in cell membrane phospholipids, plasma lipoproteins, and (as the phosphate form) in the nucleus with potential chemopreventive properties. As one of a number of intracellular phosphate compounds, inositol is involved in cell signaling and may stimulate tumor cell differentiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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inotuzumab ozogamicin| A CD22-targeted cytotoxic immunoconjugate composed of a humanized IgG4 anti-CD22 antibody covalently linked to N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethyl hydrazide (CalichDMH) with potential antineoplastic activity. Inotuzumab ozogamicin is rapidly internalized upon binding of the antibody moiety to B cell-specific CD22 receptors, delivering the conjugated CalichDMH intracellularly; the CalichDMH moiety binds to the minor groove of DNA in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in double-strand DNA breaks and apoptosis. CalichDMH is a derivative of gamma calicheamicin, a cytotoxic antibiotic produced by the bacterium Micromonospora echinospora. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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interferon alfacon-1| An analogue of consensus interferon which contains an additional methionyl amino acid residue. Consensus interferon (also known as interferon alfacon-1, rCon-IFN, and CIFN) is a genetically engineered synthetic interferon created from the most common amino acid sequences from the naturally occurring alpha interferons. Alpha interferons bind to specific cell-surface receptors, resulting in the transcription and translation of genes whose protein products have antiviral, antiproliferative, anticancer, and immune-modulating effects. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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interleukin-12 gene| The DNA sequence that encodes the protein cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12). When introduced as the complementary DNA (cDNA) form into tumor cells by, for example, a genetically engineered adenovirus vector, the transfected IL-12 cDNA expresses IL-12 which activates antitumoral natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells and stimulates the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), potentially inhibiting tumor cell metastasis. This gene therapy may also result in IL-12-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and enhancement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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interleukin-2 gene| The DNA sequence that encodes the protein cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). When introduced as the complementary DNA (cDNA) form into tumor cells by, for example, a genetically engineered adenovirus vector, the transfected IL-2 cDNA expresses IL-2 which may activate antitumoral natural killer cells and elicit an antitumoral cytotoxic T-cell response, resulting in an inhibition of tumor progression. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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interleukin-2 liposome| A formulation in which liposomes are loaded with the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). By activating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, such as lymphokine-activated killer cells, and increasing levels of the cytotoxic cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-2 may exhibit antitumoral activity. Liposomal formulations of IL-2 may promote entry of the cytokine into target tumor cells and may be used as an immunoadjuvant in cancer vaccine therapy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IntraDose| (Other name for: cisplatin-e therapeutic implant) |
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intranasal ketamine| An intranasal formualtion of the synthetic cyclohexanone ketamine with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and agonistically bind to and activate opiod mu and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Intron A| (Other name for: recombinant interferon alfa) |
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Intron A| (Other name for: recombinant interferon alfa-2b) |
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inulin| A naturally occurring, indigestible and non-absorbable oligosaccharide produced by certain plants with prebiotic and potential anticancer activity. Inulin stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, thereby modulating the composition of microflora. This creates an environment that protects against pathogens, toxins and carcinogens, which can cause inflammation and cancer. In addition, fermentation of inulin leads to an increase in short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid production, thereby reducing colonic pH, which may further control pathogenic bacteria growth and may contribute to inulin's cancer protective properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Invanz| (Other name for: ertapenem sodium) |
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Invirase| (Other name for: saquinavir mesylate) |
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iodine 131-6-beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol| A radioiodine-labeled cholesterol analogue with radioisotopic activity. Iodine 131-l-6-beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol accumulates in tissues where steroid hormones are produced, including the adrenal cortex and, to a lesser extent, the ovaries and the testes. After binding to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in the adrenal cortex, this agent is internalized, permitting scintigraphic localization of areas of adrenocortical glucocorticoid, mineralcorticoid and androgen secretion, and the scintigraphic assessment of adrenocortical function. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 123| A radioactive isotope of iodine, a nonmetallic element of the halogen group with an atomic mass of 123 and a half-life of 13.2 hours with radioisotopic activity. Selectively accumulating in the thyroid tissue, iodine I 123 emits gamma rays that can be detected with gamma scintigraphy, allowing localization of thyroid tissue. This agent may be used as a tracer in whole body scintigraphy (WBS) to localize thyroid carcinoma metastases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 123 anti-CEA recombinant diabody T84.66| A radioimmunoconjugate comprised of a recombinant scFv dimer diabody of a monoclonal antibody against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) labeled with iodine I 123 (I-123) with potential radioimmunolocalization applications. The antibody moiety of iodine I 123 anti-CEA recombinant diabody T84.66 binds to cells expressing CEA, selectively delivering I-123 upon cellular internalization and allowing the scintigraphic imaging of CEA-expressing tumor cells. CEA, a tumor associated antigen, is overexpressed in many cancer types, including gastrointestinal, breast, non-small cell lung, and thyroid cancers. Compared to whole monoclonal antibodies, diabody fragments offer the advantages of rapid tumor targeting, rapid blood clearance, more uniform tumor distribution, and a lower potential for eliciting an immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 123 iodometomidate| An iodine I-123 conjugate of metomidate (MTO) with potential application in adrenal imaging. Metomidate is a potent and selective inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes, especially CYP11B1 (11 beta-hydroxylase) and CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase). Because both CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 are expressed exclusively in the adrenal cortex, I-123 iodometomidate can be used as a radiotracer for adrenal scintigraphy.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 124| A radioactive isotope of iodine, a nonmetallic element of the halogen group, with an atomic mass of 124 and a half-life of 4.18 days with radioisotopic activity. Selectively accumulating in thyroid tissue, iodine I 124 emits positrons that can be detected by positron emission tomography (PET), allowing localization of thyroid tissue. This radiosiotope also emits gamma rays. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 124 chimeric monoclonal antibody G250| A radioimmunoconjugate comprised of the chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 conjugated with the positron emitter iodine I 124. The antibody moiety of iodine I 124 chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 may bind to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells that express the RCC-associated antigen G250, allowing detection of tumor-localized iodine I 124 with positron emission tomography (PET). G250 is a cell surface tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that is found in the majority of renal cell carcinomas. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 124 iodo-azomycin galactopyranoside| A diagnostic radiopharmaceutical comprised of iodo-azomycin galactopyranoside (IAZGP) labeled with the positron-emitting radioisotope iodine I 124 and used as an imaging agent. Iodine I 124 iodo-azomycin galactopyranoside (I-124 IAZGP) is reduced under hypoxic conditions, covalently binding to macromolecules in hypoxic cells. After incorporation into hypoxic tumor cell DNA, I-124 IAZGP can be localized and quantified using positron emission tomography (PET), allowing a quantitative assessment of hypoxic tumor burden. IAZGP appears to have a higher water solubility and faster clearance from normal tissue than traditional imidazole tracers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 124 iododeoxyuridine| A radiopharmaceutical comprised of the thymidine analog, 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (idoxuridine), labeled with the positron emitter iodine I 124. After incorporation into tumor cell DNA, positron emission tomography (PET) is used to image iodine I 124 localized to tumor cells for determining and monitoring tumor burden. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 125| A radioactive isotope of iodine, a nonmetallic element of the halogen group. With a half-life of 60 days, iodine 125 occurs naturally and can be produced artificially. This agent has both therapeutic and diagnostic uses, particularly in thyroid disease. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 125 anti-EGFR-425 monoclonal antibody| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) labeled with iodine I 125 with potential antineoplastic activity. Iodine I 125 anti-EGFR-425 monoclonal antibody binds specifically to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Upon binding to EGFR-expressing tumor cells, this agent is internalized, selectively delivering a potentially cytotoxic dose of gamma radiation. EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase that may be overexpressed on the cell surfaces of various solid tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131| A radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic mass of 131, a half life of eight days, and potential antineoplastic activity. Selectively accumulating in the thyroid gland, iodine I 131 emits beta and gamma particles, thereby killing thyroid cells and decreasing thyroid hormone production. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 chimeric monoclonal antibody G-250| A radioimmunoconjugate comprised of the chimeric monoclonal antibody G-250 conjugated with iodine I 131 with potential antineoplastic activity. The antibody moiety of iodine I 131 chimeric monoclonal antibody G-250 binds to G-250, a renal-cell carcinoma-associated antigen, delivering cytotoxic iodine I 131 specifically to renal cell carcinoma cells that express G-250. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Iodine I 131 Lipiodol| (Other name for: iodine I 131 ethiodized oil) |
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iodine I 131 metaiodobenzylguanidine| An I 131 radioiodinated synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine localizes to adrenergic tissue and, in radioiodinated forms, may be used to image or eradicate tumor cells that take up and metabolize norepinephrine. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 3F8| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of 3F8, a murine anti-GD2 ganglioside monoclonal antibody labeled with iodine 131 (I-131), with radioimaging and radioimmunotherapeutic properties. Using monoclonal antibody 3F8 as a carrier for I-131 results in the targeted imaging and/or destruction of cells expressing GD2. GD2 is a ganglioside which is overexpressed in malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 81C6| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of 81C6, a murine IgG2 anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody labeled with iodine 131 (I-131), with radioimaging and radioimmunotherapeutic activities. Using monoclonal antibody 81C6 as a carrier for I-131 results in the targeted imaging and/or destruction of cells expressing tenascin. Tenascin is an extracellular matrix protein which is overexpressed in gliomas and other cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 8H9| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of the iodine 131-radiolabeled murine IgG1 anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody 8H9 with potential radioimaging and radioimmunotherapeutic uses. Iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 8H9 binds to the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C and may be used to radioimage and/or destroy tumor cells that express tenascin. Tenascin-C (Tn-C; hexabrachion; cytotactin) is a disulfide-bonded hexamer composed of subunits with molecular weights in the range of 120–300 kDa and is found in many solid tumors, including breast cancers, gliomas, sarcomas, and neuroblastomas. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody BC8| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of BC8, a murine IgG1 anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody labeled with iodine 131 (I-131), with radioimmunotherapeutic properties. Using monoclonal antibody BC8 as a carrier for I-131 results in the targeted destruction of cells expressing CD45. CD45 is tyrosine phosphatase expressed on virtually all leukocytes, including myeloid and lymphoid precursors in bone marrow and mature lymphocytes in lymph nodes; it is also expressed on most myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells, but not on mature erythrocytes or platelets. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody CC49-deltaCH2| A radioimmunoconjugate consisting of the humanized CH2 domain-deleted monoclonal antibody CC49 and iodine I 131 with antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody CC49-deltaCH2 targets the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) that is expressed by a wide range of human neoplasms including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, endometrial, breast, non-small cell lung, and prostate cancers. Iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody CC49-deltaCH2 binds to tumor cells expressing TAG-72, selectively delivering a cytotoxic dose of beta and gamma radiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine I 131 tositumomab| A monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 protein expressed on the surface of B-lymphocytes and radiolabeled with the radioisotope iodine I 131 with potential antineoplastic activity. Iodine I 131 tositumomab binds to and selectively delivers cyctotoxic radiation to CD20-expressing B-lymphocytes, thereby minimizing systemic radiotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine| The neurotransmitter analogue 3-nitrobenzylguanidine conjugated to iodine I 123 and used as a gamma-emitting imaging agent. The adrenergic tissue uptake and storage of I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) mimics that of norepinephrine (NE). The distribution of this agent enables the scintigraphic imaging of neural crest tumors, such as neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Iodotope| (Other name for: iodine I 131) |
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ipilimumab| A monoclonal antibody directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4), an antigen that is expressed on activated T-cells and exhibits affinity for B7 co-stimulatory molecules. By binding CTLA4, ipilimumab enhances T-cell activation and blocks B7-1 and B7-2 T-cell co-stimulatory pathways. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ipomeanol| A natural toxic furan isolated from a fungus-infected sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) with potential antineoplastic activity. Ipomeanol is activated by mixed function oxidases in vivo to its epoxide form, an alkylating agent that covalently binds cell macromolecules. This agent causes cell death by a p53-independent mechanism. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iproplatin| A synthetic second-generation platinum-containing compound related to cisplatin. Iproplatin binds to and forms DNA crosslinks and platinum-DNA adducts, resulting in DNA replication failure and cell death. Although less prone to glutathione inactivation compared to cisplatin, resistance to this agent has been observed in vitro due to repair of platination damage by tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Iressa| (Other name for: gefitinib) |
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irinotecan hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, a cytotoxic, quinoline-based alkaloid extracted from the Asian tree Camptotheca acuminata. Irinotecan, a prodrug, is converted to a biologically active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) by a carboxylesterase-converting enzyme. One thousand-fold more potent than its parent compound irinotecan, SN-38 inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, resulting in DNA breaks that inhibit DNA replication and trigger apoptotic cell death. Because ongoing DNA synthesis is necessary for irinotecan to exert its cytotoxic effects, it is classified as an S-phase-specific agent. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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irofulven| A semisynthetic sesquiterpene derivative of illudin S, a natural toxin isolated from the fungus Omphalotus illudens. Irofulven alkylates DNA and protein macromolecules, forms adducts, and arrests cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. This agent requires NADPH-dependent metabolism by alkenal/one oxidoreductase for activity. Irofulven is more active in vitro against tumor cells of epithelial origin and is more resistant to deactivation by p53 loss and MDR1 than other alkylating agents. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iron
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iron dextran complex| A colloidal solution containing ferric oxyhydroxide complexed with
polymerized dextran, used as a form of parenteral iron-replacement
therapy. Upon administration and absorption, the iron dextran complex is
removed from plasma by the reticuloendothelial system which cleaves it
into the components iron and dextran; ferric iron subsequently binds to
transferrin or is stored as hemosiderin or ferritin. Transferrin-bound
iron is transported in the plasma to the liver, spleen and bone marrow,
where is it is incorporated into hemoglobin (Hgb) and to muscle where it
is incorporated into myoglobin (Mb). Use of this agent circumvents the
gastrointestinal adverse effects commonly encountered with the use of
orally administered iron salt preparations. Because of cross-reactivity with antibodies targeted against
polysaccharides similar to dextran, anaphylactic reactions may occur with
this type of iron formulation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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iron sucrose injection| A sterile aqueous complex of polynuclear iron (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Following intravenous administration, iron sucrose is dissociated by the reticuloendothelial system into iron and sucrose; the sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. Iron sucrose can be administered with or without erythropoietin to raise hemoglobin levels and may be used in cases of oral iron therapy intolerance or ineffectiveness. Hypersensitivity reactions are less common with iron sucrose compared to other parenteral iron products, such as iron dextran.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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IRX-2| A cell-free mixture comprised of a variety of naturally-derived cytokines obtained from normal, unrelated donor lymphocytes with potential immunostimulatory activity. The cytokines in IRX-2, including interleukin (IL)-1, -2, -6, -8, -10, -12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and colony stimulating factors (CSFs), play vital roles in regulating cellular immunity and may synergistically stimulate a cellular immune response against tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Iscar| (Other name for: mistletoe extract) |
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Iscomatrix| (Other name for: saponin-cholesterol-phospholipid adjuvant) |
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ISIS 2503| A synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide. Functioning as an anti-sense agent, it hybridizes to the translation initiation region of the human mRNA for the oncogene H-Ras. ISIS 2503 selectively inhibits the expression of H-Ras, and may inhibit the growth of some Ras-dependent tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ISIS 3521| A synthetic phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide. As an antisense molecule, ISIS 3521 hybridizes to the 3-untranslated region of the human protein kinase C (PKC-alpha) mRNA, thereby inhibiting PKC-alpha expression and growth of PKC-alpha-dependent tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ISIS 5132| A synthetic, 20-base antisense oligodeoxynucleotide that hybridizes to c-raf kinase messenger RNA. ISIS 5132 has been shown to specifically suppress Raf-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Raf-1 serine/threonine kinase functions as a critical effector of Ras-mediated signal transduction; constitutive activation of this pathway directly contributes to malignant transformation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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isoniazid| A synthetic derivative of nicotinic acid with anti-mycobacterial properties. Although its mechanism of action is still unclear, isoniazid appears to block the synthesis of mycolic acids, major components of the mycobacterial cell wall. This agent is only active against actively growing mycobacteria because, as a pro-drug, it requires activation in susceptible mycobacterial species. Isoniazid also interferes with mycobacterial metabolism of vitamin B6. Resistance occurs due to decreased bacterial wall penetration. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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isosulfan blue| A synthetic visual lymphatic imaging agent. Injected into the periphery of the tumor site, isosulfan blue localizes to the lymphatic system and aids in the surgical identification of tumor sentinel nodes which stain blue. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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isotretinoin| A naturally-occurring retinoic acid with potential antineoplastic activity. Isotretinoin binds to and activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs); activated RARs serve as transcription factors that promote cell differentiation and apoptosis. This agent also exhibits immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses and inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, thereby decreasing polyamine synthesis and keratinization. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Isovorin| (Other name for: L-leucovorin) |
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ispinesib| A synthetic small molecule, derived from quinazolinone, with antineoplastic properties. Ispinesib selectively inhibits the mitotic motor protein, kinesin spindle protein (KSP), resulting in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, and cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. Because KSP is not involved in nonmitotic processes, such as neuronal transport, ispinesib may be less likely to cause the peripheral neuropathy often associated with the tubulin-targeting agents. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ISS 1018 CpG oligodeoxynucleotide| A short, synthetic, unmethylated CpG motif-based oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) with immunostimulatory activity. As an immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) that signals through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), ISS 1018 CpG ODN induces the production of immunoglobulin by B cells and interferon (IFN) -alpha, IFN-beta, interleukin (IL) -12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). In turn, pDC, through cell-cell contact and secretion of and IFN-alpha and -beta induce natural killer (NK) cell proliferation, NK cell production of IFN-gamma, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity; secreted IFNs also stimulate bystander T cell activation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into T-helper 1 cells on specific antigen challenge. In addition, ISS 1018 CpG ODN promotes antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression. Unmethylated CpG motifs are regions of genomic DNA containing the cytosine-guanine dinucleotide in which cytosine remains unmethylated, especially in prokaryotic DNA. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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itraconazole| A synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fugal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis. Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Iveegam EN| (Other name for: therapeutic immune globulin) |
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Ixempra| (Other name for: ixabepilone) |
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Ixoten| (Other name for: trofosfamide) |
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