anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody R7159| A glycoengineered, fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody R7159, a third generation type II anti-CD20 antibody, selectivity binds to the extracellular domain of the human CD20 antigen on malignant human B cells. The Fc region carbohydrates of the antibody, enriched in bisected non-fucosylated glycosylation variants, contribute to its higher binding affinity for human FcgammaRIII receptors compared to non-glycoengineered antibodies, resulting in enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and caspase-independent apoptosis. In addition, modification of elbow hinge sequences within the antibody variable framework regions may account for the strong apoptosis-inducing activity of R7159 upon binding to CD20 on target cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD200 monoclonal antibody ALXN6000| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human immunosuppressive molecule CD200 (OX-2) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Anti-CD200 monoclonal antibody ALXN6000 binds to CD200, blocking the binding of CD200 to its receptor, CD200R, present on cells of the macrophage lineage; inhibition of CD200 may augment the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) mediated immune response against CD200-expressing tumor cells. CD200 is a type 1a transmembrane protein, related to the B7 family of co-stimulatory receptors, and is upregulated on the surface of multiple hematologic malignant cells; this transmembrane protein appears to be involved in the downregulation of a Th1 (helper T cell) immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-8015| A recombinant immunotoxin consisting of the Fv portion of the anti-CD22 antibody covalently fused to a 38 KDa fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin-A (PE38) with potential antineoplastic activity. The Fv portion of anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-8015 binds to CD22, a cell surface receptor expressed on a variety of malignant B-cells, thereby delivering the toxin moiety PE38 directly to tumor cells. Once internalized, PE38 induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via a mechanism involving mitochondrial damage and blocks translational elongation by binding to elongation factor 2 (EF-2). Anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-8015 exhibits a greater affinity for CD22 than its predecessor, anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-3888 (BL22 immunotoxin), and hence may be more effective against tumor cells expressing lower levels of CD22. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD3 immunotoxin A-dmDT390-bisFv(UCHT1)| A bivalent recombinant fusion protein immunotoxin derived from the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody UCHT1 with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-CD3 immunotoxin A-dmDT390-bisFv(UCHT1) consists of 1-390 amino acid residues of chain A diphtheria toxin (DT) joined via a spacer to the Fv fragment of UCHT1, which is connected to a second UCHT1 Fv fragment via a disulfide bond (hence the "bisFv" designation); the addition of the second Fv fragment overcomes the steric hindrance of immunotoxin binding due to the large N-terminal DT domain. Once inside target T cells, the DT moiety catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD to diphthamide, a posttranslationally modified histidine residue found in elongation factor 2 (EF-2); inactivation of EF-2, disruption of polypeptide chain elongation, and cell death ensue. CD3 is a complex of five cell-surface polypeptides associated with the T cell receptor (TCR) complex. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody MDX-1401| A fully human, second-generation, nonfucosylated monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface receptor CD30 with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody MDX-1401 specifically binds to the CD30 antigen, which may result in a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against CD30-expressing tumor cells. CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed on activated lymphocytes transiently and is constitutively expressed in hematologic malignancies including Hodgkin's disease and some T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Compared to conventional antibodies, deletion of fucose molecules on the antibody backbone, as is done in MDX-1401, may result in an increased affinity for Fc receptors and an enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody XmAb2513| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface receptor CD30 with potential immunotherapeutic activity. Anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody XmAb2513 specifically binds to the CD30 antigen, which may result in a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against CD30-expressing tumor cells. CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed on activated lymphocytes transiently and is constitutively expressed in hematologic malignancies including Hodgkin's disease and some T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody-DM4 conjugate AVE9633| An immunoconjugate consisting of the humanized monoclonal antibody huMy9-6 conjugated to the cytotoxic maytansinoid DM4 with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody portion of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody-DM4 conjugate AVE9633 specifically binds to the cell surface antigen CD33 expressed on myeloid leukemia cells; upon internalization, the DM4 moiety is released, binds tubulin, and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, resulting in the inhibition of cell division and cell growth in myeloid leukemia cells that express CD33. CD33 is expressed on normal non-pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells as well as on myeloid leukemia cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD37 single-chain polypeptide TRU-016| A recombinant single-chain polypeptide engineered to exhibit the full binding and activity of an anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Anti-CD37 single-chain polypeptide TRU-016 binds to CD37 on B-cells, which may result in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and apoptosis. CD37 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at high-levels on B cells and to a lesser extent on T cells and myeloid cells. This agent may have a longer half-life in vivo than conventional monoclonal antibodies. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody| A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface glycoprotein CD-38 with potential antineoplastic activity. The binding of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody to natural killer (NK) cells mimics the normal CD38-CD31 interaction on the NK cell surface. CD38 is also present on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and plasma leukemia cells; this agent may preferentially bind these cells, triggering antitumoral antibody-dependent
cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
CD38, a cell surface glycoprotein, is present on various immune cells and has been shown to regulate the cytotoxic response of activated NK cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody| A monoclonal antibody directed against the receptor-like leukocyte cell surface glycoprotein CD45 with leukocyte-depleting activity. Upon administration, anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody binds to leukocyte surface-expressed CD45, which may result in the transient depletion of circulating leukocytes including circulating T cell depletion (TCD). CD45, a receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase that consists of several isoforms, is present on all differentiated hematopoietic cells except erythrocytes and plasma cells and is essential for T cell development and lymphocyte activation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody AHN-12| A high affinity IgG1 monoclonal antibody with potential immunotherapeutic activity. Anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody AHN-12 recognizes CD45, a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on the surface of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody MDX-1411| A glycoengineered, fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the human CD70 molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-CD70 fully human monoclonal antibody MDX-1411 selectivity binds to the extracellular domain of CD70, which may induce an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) response against CD70-expressing tumor cells. CD70, the ligand for the costimulatory receptor CD27 and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is found on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells among other cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CEA/anti-DTPA-In (F6-734) bispecific antibody| A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) consisting of the Fab fragment of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (F6) coupled to the Fab fragment of an anti-DTPA-In monoclonal antibody (734) with potential radioimmunotherapeutic activity. In a two-step "pretargeted" radioimmunotherapeutic approach, this BsMAb, localizing to CEA-expressing tumor cells via the F6 Fab fragment, is introduced into patient first, followed by injection of indium 131-radiolabeled DTPA, which is recognized by the 734 Fab fragment of the BsMAb. Accordingly, a potentially lethal dose of indium 131 is delivered specifically to CEA-expressing tumor cells while minimizing radiotoxicity to normal tissues. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is a tumor antigen overexpressed in many cancer types, including gastrointestinal, breast, non-small cell lung, and thyroid cancers. DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is a bivalent hapten. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody HuLuc63| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human CS1 (CD2 subset 1, CRACC, SLAMF7) antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody HuLuc63 binds to the CS1 antigen, which may trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cells expressing CS1. CS1 is a cell surface glycoprotein belonging to the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and is highly expressed by multiple myeloma cells, but minimally expressed by normal cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-denatured collagen recombinant monoclonal antibody TRC093| A humanized, affinity-matured IgG1k antibody directed against denatured collagens (I-IV) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Anti-denatured collagen recombinant monoclonal antibody TRC093 binds to multiple epitopes on denatured collagens, inhibiting proteolytic collagen-mediated signaling in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that is important to tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The epitopes on denatured collagen bound by this antibody are considered "cryptic" because, in vivo, they are accessible only on the subendothelial basement membrane of tumors or in normal tissues undergoing neovascularization. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-EGFRvIII vaccine CDX-110| A cancer vaccine consisting of a human epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIIi)-specific peptide conjugated to the non-specific immunomodulator keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with anti-EGFRvIII vaccine CDX-110 may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response against tumor cells expressing EGFRvIII. EGFRvIII, a functional variant of EGFR that is not expressed in normal tissues, was originally discovered in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and has also been found in various other cancers such as breast, ovarian, metastatic prostate, colorectal, and head and neck cancers. EGFRvIII contains an 83 amino acid deletion in its extracellular domain and has been shown to transform NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells in vitro. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105| A human/murine chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against endoglin (CD105) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Anti-endoglin monoclonal antibody TRC105 binds to endoglin, which may result in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. The glycoprotein endoglin is a transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1) accessory receptor that is highly expressed on tumor vessel endothelial cells and appears to be essential for angiogenesis.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-EpCAM antibody fragment -Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein| A fusion protein immunotoxin consisting of a humanized, single-chain monoclonal antibody fragment specific for the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) conjugated with a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-EpCAM-Pseudomonas-exotoxin fusion protein binds to Ep-CAM-positive tumor cells, thereby delivering the Pseudomonas exotoxin A moiety specifically; the Pseudomonas exotoxin A moiety then inactivates elongation factor 2 (EF-2) through ADP ribosylation, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis in target cells. EpCAM, a cell surface protein, is expressed by a variety of tumor cells and is frequently found in head and neck cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-EpCAM antibody fragment-bouganin fusion protein| A fusion protein immunotoxin consisting of a humanized, single-chain monoclonal antibody Fab fragment specific for the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) conjugated with a modified bouganin cytotoxin with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-EpCAM antibody fragment-bouganin fusion protein binds to EpCAM, delivering modified bouganin cytotoxin directly to EpCam-positive tumor cells, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell protein synthesis and tumor cell death. EpCAM, a cell surface protein, is expressed by a variety of tumor cells and is frequently found in head and neck cancers. Bouganin is a plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), a toxic plant N-glycosidase that depurinates the universally conserved alpha-sarcin loop of ribosomal rRNA, inactivating the ribosome and preventing protein synthesis. Compared to unmodified bouganins, modified bouganins may have a reduced propensity to activate human T cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-EpCAM/anti-CD3 recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody MT110| A recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody directed against both CD3 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Anti-EpCAM/anti-CD3 recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody MT110 attaches to both CD3-expressing T lymphocytes and EpCAM-expressing tumor cells, thereby selectively cross-linking tumor and T lymphocytes; this may result in the recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to T lymphocyte/tumor cell aggregates and the CTL-mediated death of EpCAM-expressing tumor cells. CD3 is an antigen expressed on mature T cells; EpCAM, a cell surface protein, is expressed by a variety of tumor cells and is frequently found in head and neck cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-FLT-1 ribozyme| A nuclease-stabilized synthetic ribozyme with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-Flt-1 ribozyme cleaves the mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (VEGF-1, or Flt-1), thereby specifically inhibiting VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-GP-3 monoclonal antibody| A humanized, immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody with potential antitumor activity. MORab-003 specifically targets at glycoprotein 3 (GP-3), a cell surface antigen that is overexpressed on many epithelial-derived cancer cells. Upon binding to the GP-3 antigen, MORab-003 triggers a host immune response against GP-3 expressing cells resulting in cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-HIF-1alpha LNA antisense oligonucleotide EZN-2968| A synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HIF-1alpha LNA antisense oligonucleotide EZN-2968 hybridizes with HIF-1alpha mRNA and blocks t HIF-1 alpha protein expression, which may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
HIF-1alpha, normally activated in response to hypoxia-induced stress, is a key transcription regulator of a large number of genes important in cellular adaptation to low-oxygen conditions, including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine| A peptide vaccine consisting of the whole or partial beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG), linked to an adjuvant carrier of bacterial or viral origin, with anti-fertility activity. Anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine blocks the activity of hCG which is naturally produced by the trophectoderm of the pre-implantation embryo within a few days of fertilization. hCG is required for the maintenance of the corpus luteum in the ovary thus ensuring its continued production of progesterone, which is required for the successful completion of implantation of the blastocyst. Without progesterone, the corpus luteum regresses, and menstruation is initiated. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IGF-1 receptor human monoclonal antibody R1507| A recombinant, fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R human monoclonal antibody R1507 binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing the binding of the natural ligand IGF-1 and the activation of PI3K/AKT signal transduction; downregulation of the PI3K/AKT survival pathway may result in the induction of apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation. The activation of IGF-1R, a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF-1R signaling has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IGF-1R fully human monoclonal antibody AMG-479| A recombinant, ully human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R fully human monoclonal antibody AMG-479 binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing binding of the ligand IGF-1 and the subsequent triggering of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibition of this survival signaling pathway may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF-1R is a tyrosine kinase and a member of the insulin receptor family. IGF-1R activation stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF-1R signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody BIIB022| A recombinant, human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody BIIB022 binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing binding of the ligand IGF-1 and the subsequent triggering of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibition of this survival signaling pathway may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The activation of IGF-1R, a tyrosine kinase and a member of the insulin receptor family, stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF-1R signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody MK-0646| A recombinant monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF1R recombinant monoclonal antibody MK-0646 binds to membrane-bound IGF1R, preventing binding of the ligand IGF1 and the subsequent triggering of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibition of this survival signaling pathway may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The activation of IGF1R, a tyrosine kinase and a member of the insulin receptor family, stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF1R signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody SCH 717454| A recombinant, fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R fully human monoclonal antibody SCH 717454 binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing binding of the ligand IGF-1 and the subsequent triggering of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; downregulation of this survival pathway may result in the induction of apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation. The activation of IGF-1R, a tyrosine kinase and a member of the insulin receptor family, stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF-1R signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IL-13 humanized monoclonal antibody TNX-650| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin-13 (IL-13) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IL-13 humanized monoclonal antibody TNX-650 binds to and blocks the activity of IL-13, which may result in the inhibition of Hodkin lympoma cell proliferation. IL-13 cytokine, an important mediator in allergic inflammation, may be an autocrine growth factor for Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody| A human-mouse chimeric antibody, constructed from a murine antiinterleukin 6 (IL-6) monoclonal antibody, with antitumor and antiinflammatory activities. Containing the antigen-binding variable region of the murine antibody, CLB-IL-6-8, and the constant region of a human IgG1kappa immunoglobulin, anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody has high affinity for recombinant as well as native IL-6 and inhibits the binding of IL-6 to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), resulting in the blockade of the IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 signal transduction pathway, and, subsequently, antitumor and antiinflammatory activities. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-p53 T-cell receptor-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes| Human autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with an anti-p53 T cell receptor gene with potential antineoplastic activity. PBLs are harvested from a patient and pulsed with a retroviral vector that encodes the T-cell receptor gene specific for a mutated form of p53. The transduced PBLs are then expanded in culture. When reintroduced to the patient, these modified PBLs express the anti-p53 T cell receptor which binds to mutant p53-overexpressing tumor cells; PBL-mediated tumor growth inhibition may follow. Many tumor cell types overexpress mutant p53 proteins, which are associated with the loss of apoptosis regulation and abnormal cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-PD-1 human monoclonal antibody MDX-1106| A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed death-1 or programmed cell death-1/PCD-1) with immunopotentiation activity. Anti-PD-1 human monoclonal antibody MDX-1106 binds to and blocks the activation of PD-1, an Ig superfamily transmembrane protein, by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, resulting in the activation of T-cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells or pathogens.
Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function through the suppression of P13k/Akt pathway activation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody CT-011| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against human PD-1 (programmed cell death 1; PDCD1), with immunomodulating and antitumor activities. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody CT-011 blocks interaction between the receptor PD-1 with its ligands, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-1L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-1L2), resulting in the attenuation of apoptotic processes in lymphocytes, primarily effector/memory T cells, and the augmentation of the anti-tumor activities of NK cells. PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor belonging to the B7-receptor family that is expressed on lymphocytes and myeloid cells; its ligands, PD-1L1 and PD-1L2, are expressed not only by hematopoietic cells but also by cells in non-lymphoid tissues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-PSCA fully human monoclonal antibody MK4721| An IgG1k fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the human prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-PSCA fully human monoclonal antibody MK4721 selectively targets and binds to PSCA, triggering complement-dependent cell lysis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor cells expressing PSCA. PSCA is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface antigen found in cancers of the bladder, pancreas, and prostate. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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anti-thymocyte globulin| A purified gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) with immunosuppressive activity. Obtained from rabbits that have been immunized with human thymocytes, antithymocyte globulin specifically recognizes and destroys T lymphocytes. Although the exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, it appears to involve T lymphocyte clearance from the circulation and modulation of T lymphocyte activity. Administering antithymocyte globulin with chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation may reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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antineoplaston A10| A piperidinedione antineoplaston with potential antineoplastic activity. Antineoplaston A10 was originally isolated from human urine but is now synthetically derived. This agent intercalates into DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, reduction of mitosis, and decreased protein synthesis. Antineoplaston A10 may also inhibit ras-oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to cell differentiation and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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antineoplaston AS2-1| A 4:1 mixture of phenylacetate and phenylacetylgluatmine, degradation products of the antineoplaston agent A10. Antineoplaston AS2-1 inhibits the incorporation of L-glutamine into tumor-cell proteins, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and inhibition of mitosis. This agent may also inhibit RAS oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, resulting in cell differentiation and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Antrin| (Other name for: motexafin lutetium) |
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Anzemet| (Other name for: dolasetron mesylate) |
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apatinib| An orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Apatinib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. In addition, this agent mildly inhibits c-Kit and c-SRC tyrosine kinases.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apaziquone| An indolequinone bioreductive prodrug and analog of mitomycin C with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitization activities. Apaziquone is converted to active metabolites in hypoxic cells by intracellular reductases, which are present in greater amounts in hypoxic tumor cells. The active metabolites alkylate DNA, resulting in apoptotic cell death. This agent displays activity towards both hypoxic solid tumors, which exhibits higher expression of cytochrome P450 reductase, and well-oxygenated malignant cells that overexpress the bioreductive enzyme NQO1 (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase). Apaziquone may selectively sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to radiocytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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APC8015F| A cell-based vaccine composed of previously frozen autologous antigen-presenting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (enriched for a dendritic cell fraction) that have been exposed to a recombinant protein consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused to prostatic-acid phosphatase (PAP), a protein expressed by prostate cancer cells. Upon administration, the vaccine may stimulate an antitumor T-cell response against tumor cells expressing PAP. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apixaban| An orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa with anticoagulant activity. Apixaban directly inhibits factor Xa, thereby interfering with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and preventing formation of cross-linked fibrin clots.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aplidin| (Other name for: plitidepsin) |
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apolizumab| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against 1D10, a polymorphic determinant on the HLA-DR beta chain that is expressed on normal and neoplastic B cells. Apolizumab induces complement-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of 1D10 antigen-positive B cells in vitro. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apomab| A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against human death receptor 5 (DR5; TRAIL-R2; TNFRSF10B) with potential proapoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Mimicking the natural ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand), apomab binds to DR5, which may directly activate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and indirectly induce the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tumor cells. DR5 is a cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is expressed in a broad range of cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apoptosis inducer BZL101| An orally active aqueuous extract derived from the plant Scutellaria barbata with potential antineoplastic activity. Sparing normal cells, apoptosis inducer BZL101 specifically facilitates translocation of the protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondrial membrane into the nucleus in tumor cells, thereby causing tumor cell-specific chromatin condensation and DNA degradation followed by the induction of caspase-independent apoptosis. AIF is both a mitochondrial intermembrane flavoprotein with oxidoreductase activity and a caspase-independent death
effector that, similar to cytochrome c, is released from mitochondria early
in the apoptotic process. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apoptosis inducer GCS-100| A galectin-binding polysaccharide derived from citrus pectin with potential antineoplastic activity. Apoptosis inducer GCS-100 binds to the carbohydrate-binding domain of the lectin galectin-3, which may result in apoptosis mediated through mitochondria/caspase activation cascades; this agent may overcome tumor growth mediated through anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, heat shock protein-27 (Hsp-27), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Galectin-3, a chimeric molecule consisting of both
carbohydrate recognition and collagen-like domains, interacts with a variety of carbohydrate and
protein ligands to form pentamers with unique
crosslinking abilities; this lectin also exhibits anti-apoptotic properties, perhaps, in part, through the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apoptosis inducer GMX1777| A water-soluble prodrug of the cyanoguanidine compound GMX1778 with potential antineoplastic activity. In vivo, apoptosis inducer GMX1777 is rapidly converted into GMX1778 through hydrolytic cleavage of a carbonate ester bond. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, GMX1778 appears to antagonize nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription, resulting in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apoptosis inducer MPC-2130| A broad-acting, apoptosis-inducing, small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, apoptosis inducer MPC-2130 exhibits proapoptotic activities in tumor cells, including membrane phosphatidylserine externalization, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, caspase activation, cell condensation, and DNA fragmentation. In addition, because this agent is not a substrate for several types of multidrug resistance (MDR) ABC superfamily transporters, such as P-glycoprotein 1 (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1/ABCG2), it may be useful in treating MDR tumors that express these particular MDR efflux pumps.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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aprepitant| A small molecule, high-affinity substance P antagonist (SPA) with antiemetic activity. Crossing the blood brain barrier, aprepitant binds selectively to the human substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby inhibiting receptor binding of endogenous substance P and substance P-induced emesis. This agent has little or no affinity for serotonin type 3 (5-HT3), dopamine, and corticosteroid receptors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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apricoxib| An orally bioavailable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Apricoxib binds to and inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Apricoxib-mediated inhibition of COX-2 may induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. COX-related metabolic pathways may represent crucial regulators of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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aprotinin bovine| A single chain polypeptide isolated from bovine lung with antifibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. As a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin bovine competitively and reversibly inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, and tissue and leukocytic proteinases, resulting in attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), fibrinolysis, and thrombin generation. This agent also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release and maintains glycoprotein homeostasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aptosyn| (Other name for: exisulind) |
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Aquadiol| (Other name for: therapeutic estradiol) |
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Aquaphor| (Other name for: petrolatum-mineral oil-lanolin-ceresin ointment) |
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Aquasol A| (Other name for: vitamin A compound) |
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Aranesp| (Other name for: darbepoetin alfa) |
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Arava| (Other name for: leflunomide) |
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arcitumomab| A murine IgG monoclonal Fab fragment antibody labeled with technetium-99m directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein that is overexpressed by many tumor cell types. For tumors that overexpress CEA, arcitumomab may be used as an adjunct diagnostic imaging tool to obtain prognostic information following resection and to monitor for recurrent disease. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Arcoxia| (Other name for: etoricoxib) |
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Aredia| (Other name for: pamidronate disodium) |
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arginine butyrate| The butyric acid salt of the amino acid arginine. In EBV-related lymphomas, arginine butyrate induces EBV thymidine kinase transcription and may act synergistically with the antiviral agent ganciclovir to inhibit cell proliferation and decrease cell viability. In addition, the butyrate moiety inhibits histone deacetylase, which results in hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. Acetylated histones have a reduced affinity for chromatin; this reduced histone-chromatin affinity may allow chromosomal unfolding, potentially enhancing the expression of genes related to tumor cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ArginMax| (Other name for: L-arginine/Korean ginseng/ Gingko biloba/damiana-based supplement) |
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Aricept| (Other name for: donepezil hydrochloride) |
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Arimidex| (Other name for: anastrozole) |
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Aristocort| (Other name for: triamcinolone) |
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Arixtra| (Other name for: fondaparinux sodium) |
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Arnebia Indigo Jade Pearl topical cream| A proprietary multiherbal topical cream based on Chinese herbal medicine with potential antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulatory activities. Arnebia Indigo Jade Pearl topical cream contains 12 ingredients including 9 herbs infused in sesame oil, with an additional three powdered ingredients and beeswax added to the infused oil to create the salve. The purported mechanism(s) of action is unclear due to the complexity of the herbal mixture. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aromasin| (Other name for: exemestane) |
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Aroplatin| (Other name for: liposomal NDDP) |
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Arranon| (Other name for: nelarabine) |
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arsenic trioxide| A small-molecule arsenic compound with antineoplastic activity. The mechanism of action of arsenic trioxide is not completely understood. This agent causes damage to or degradation of the promyelocytic leukemia protein/retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML/RARa) fusion protein; induces apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells and in many other tumor cell types; promotes cell differentiation and suppresses cell proliferation in many different tumor cell types; and is pro-angiogenic. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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arzoxifene hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of arzoxifene, a synthetic aromatic derivative with anti-estrogenic properties. Arzoxifene binds to estrogen receptors as a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist. In comparison to other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), arzoxifene exhibits greater bioavailability and higher anti-estrogenic potency in the breast than raloxifene; it exhibits reduced estrogenicity in the uterus compared with either tamoxifen or raloxifene. This agent may have beneficial effects on bone and the cardiovascular system. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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asaley
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ascorbic acid| A natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ASONEP| (Other name for: sonepcizumab) |
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Asorbicap| (Other name for: ascorbic acid) |
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asparaginase| An enzyme isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli or the bacterium Erwinia carotovora with antileukemic activity. Asparaginase hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia in leukemic cells, resulting in the depletion of asparagine, inhibition of protein synthesis, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and apoptosis in susceptible leukemic cell populations. Asparagine is critical to protein synthesis in leukemic cells; some leukemic cells cannot synthesize this amino acid de novo due to the absent or deficient expression of the enzyme asparagine synthase. The E. carotovora-derived form of asparaginase is typically reserved for cases of asparaginase hypersensitivity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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asparaginase-Erwinia| An enzyme isolated from the bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi (E. carotovora). Asparagine is critical to protein synthesis in leukemic cells, which cannot synthesize this amino acid due to the absence of the enzyme asparagine synthase. Asparaginase hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, thereby depleting leukemic cells of asparagine and blocking protein synthesis and tumor cell proliferation, especially in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This agent also induces apoptosis in tumor cells. The Erwinia-derived product is often used for those patients who have experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to the E. Coli formulation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Atacand| (Other name for: candesartan cilexetil) |
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atamestane| A synthetic steroidal substance with antineoplastic activity. Atamestane binds irreversibly to and inhibits the enzyme aromatase, thereby blocking the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and the peripheral aromatization of androgenic precursors into estrogens. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ATGAM| (Other name for: anti-thymocyte globulin) |
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Athrombin-K| (Other name for: warfarin) |
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atiprimod| An orally bioavailable small molecule belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic agents with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic properties. Atiprimod inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), blocking the signalling pathways of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Ativan| (Other name for: lorazepam) |
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ATN-161| A small peptide antagonist of integrin alpha5beta1 with potential antineoplastic activity. ATN-161 selectively binds to and blocks the receptor for integrin alpha5beta1, thereby preventing integrin alpha5beta1 binding. This receptor blockade may result in inhibition of endothelial cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Integrin alpha5beta1 is expressed on endothelial cells and plays a crucial role in endothelial cell adhesion and migration. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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atomoxetine hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine, a phenoxy-3-propylamine derivative and selective non-stimulant, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with cognitive-enhancing activity. Although its precise mechanism of action is unknown, atomoxetine appears to selectively inhibit the pre-synaptic norepinephrine transporter, resulting in inhibition of the presynaptic reabsorption of norepinephrine and prolongation of norepinephrine activity in the synaptic cleft; the effect on cognitive brain function may result in improved attention and decreased impulsivity and activity levels. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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atorvastatin calcium| The calcium salt of atorvastatin, a synthetic lipid-lowering agent. Atorvastatin competitively inhibits hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol synthesis. This agent increases the number of LDL receptors on hepatic cell surfaces, enhancing the uptake and catabolism of LDL and reducing LDL production and the number of LDL particles, and lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels. Like other statins, atorvastatin may also display direct antineoplastic activity, possibly by inhibiting farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of proteins such as small GTP-binding proteins, which may result in the arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also sensitize tumor cells to cyctostatic drugs, possibly through the mTOR-dependent inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Atragen| (Other name for: tretinoin liposome) |
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atrasentan hydrochloride| The orally available hydrochloride salt of pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid with potential antineoplastic activity. As a selective antagonist of the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor, atrasentan binds selectively to the ETA receptor, which may result in inhibition of endothelin-induced angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Atromid-S| (Other name for: clofibrate) |
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atvogen| A synthetic derivative of inosinic acid with antiretroviral and immunomodulatory activities. Atvogen acts through a number of pathways to stimulate the antiviral activity of the immune system. This agent stimulates interferon production; activates the oligoadenylate synthase-RNase L pathway; stimulates natural killer cell activity; and acts as a non-mitogenic stimulator of the immune system. Atvogen also inhibits replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Augmentin| (Other name for: amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium) |
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Aurimmune| (Other name for: colloidal gold-bound tumor necrosis factor) |
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Aurolate| (Other name for: gold sodium thiomalate) |
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Aurora A kinase inhibitor MLN8237| A second-generation, orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor MLN8237 binds to and inhibits Aurora A kinase, which may result in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Aurora A kinase localizes to the spindle poles and to spindle microtubules during mitosis, and is thought to regulate spindle assembly. Aberrant expression of Aurora kinases occurs in a wide variety of cancers, including colon and breast cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aurora A kinase/tyrosine kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076| An orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Aurora A kinase/tyrosine kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 selectively binds to and inhibits non-specified tyrosine kinases and Aurora kinases (AKs). The inhibition of AKs may result in the inhibition of cell division and proliferation and may induce apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress AKs; antiangiogenic activity is related to the inhibition of angiogenic tyrosine kinases. AKs are serine-threonine kinases that play an essential role in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis and are important regulators of cell division and proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aurora kinase inhibitor BI 811283| A small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor BI 811283 binds to and inhibits Aurora kinases, resulting in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, and inhibition of cell proliferation.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aurora kinase inhibitor MLN8054| An orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Auora kinase inhibitor MLN8054 binds to and inhibits Aurora kinase A, resulting in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregration, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Aurora A localizes in mitosis to the spindle poles and to spindle microtubules and is thought to regulate spindle assembly. Aberrant expression of Aurora kinases occurs in a wide variety of cancers, including colon and breast cancers.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aurora kinase inhibitor SNS-314| A synthetic small molecule Aurora kinase (AK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor SNS-314 selectively binds to and inhibits AKs A and B, which may result in the inhibition of cellular division and proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress AKs.
AKs are serine-threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aurora kinase/VEGFR2 inhibitor CYC116| An orally bioavailable small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase/VEGFR 2 inhibitor CYC116 inhibits Aurora kinases A and B and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), resulting in disruption of the cell cycle, rapid cell death, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. Aurora kinases are serine/threonine protein kinases that are only expressed in actively dividing cells and are critical in division or mitosis. VEGFR2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that appears to account for most of the mitogenic and chemotactic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on adult endothelial cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous Ad-CD154-transduced CLL B cells| An autologous tumor cell vaccine containing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells transduced with an adenoviral vector carrying chimeric CD154 (ad-CD154) with potential antineoplastic activity. Administration of autologous ad-CD154 transduced CLL B cells may result in increases in the numbers of leukemia-specific CD4+ T cells and high serum-levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Due to ligation of CD154 to CD40 on CLL cells, this agent may induce CLL cells to express the proapoptotic molecule Bid and death receptors CD95 (Fas) and DR5, rendering CLL B cells first resistant and then sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In addition, autologous ad-CD154 transduced CLL B cells may induce MHC class I-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against autologous leukemia cells. CD154 is a type II membrane glycoprotein and ligand for CD40; both molecules are important in cognate co-stimulatory cell-cell interactions. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous anti-gp100:154-162 T-cell receptor gene-engineered peripheral blood lymphocytes| Human autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with a glycoprotein 100 (gp100) epitope-determined T cell receptor (TCR) gene, with potential antineoplastic activity. PBLs are isolated from a melanoma patient and pulsed with a viral vector encoding the TCR specific for amino acid residues154-162 of gp100 (KTWGQYWQV). After expansion ex vivo, the transduced autologous PBLs, expressing this specific TCR, are reintroduced into the patient and bind to melanoma cells expressing the gp100 protein, which may result in specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) killing of gp100-expressing melanoma cells. gp100 is a melanocyte lineage-specific antigen overexpressed in melanomas. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous anti-MART-1 F5 T-cell receptor gene-engineered peripheral blood lymphocytes| Human autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with a melanoma antigen MART-1 epitope-determined T cell receptor (TCR) gene, with potential antineoplastic activity. PBLs are isolated from a melanoma patient and pulsed with a viral vector that encodes the TCR specific for an epitope of MART-1 (F5 TCR). After expansion ex vivo, the transduced autologous PBLs, expressing this specific TCR, are reintroduced into the patient, and bind to melanoma cells expressing the MART-1 antigen, which may result in specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) killing of MART-1-expressing melanoma cells. MART-1 (melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1), also known as Melan-A, is a melanocyte lineage-specific transmembrane protein. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous anti-PSMA gene-modified T-cells| Autologous prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) gene-modified T lymphocytes with potential antineoplastic activity. Human autologous T-lymphocytes are isolated and transduced ex vivo with a retrovirus encoding a chimeric immune receptor (CIR) consisting of an antibody fragment against PSMA fused with signaling domains of the T cell. Upon reintroduction into the patient, autologous anti-PSMA gene-modified T-cells bind to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, which may result in specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) tumor cell killing. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus CCL21 vaccine| A cancer vaccine comprised of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) that have been transduced ex vivo with an adenoviral vector containing the CCL21 gene with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intratumoral administration, autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus CCL21 vaccine expresses the chemokine CCL21, which may induce an antitumoral cytotoxic immune response in the tumor microenvironment. CCL21 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21] has been shown to attract antigen presenting cells (APCs), like leukocytes and DCs, and natural killer (NK) cells and their T-cell effectors to induce a cytotoxic immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus p53 vaccine| An autologous vaccine composed of dendritic cells (DC) that have been transduced with a p53 tumor suppressor gene-modified virus. When the autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus p53 vaccine is administered, the host cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are directed against p53-positive tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death and decreased tumor growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dendritic cell-allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine| A cell-based vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with lysates from heat-treated allogeneic melanoma tumor cells. Upon administration, this vaccine may stimulate anti-tumoral cytotoxic T-cell and antibody responses to melanoma cells bearing shared melanoma antigens such as MelanA/MART-1, gp100, MAGE3, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dendritic cell-autologous tumor mRNA-human CD40L vaccine| A cancer vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells transfected with autologous tumor mRNA and the human CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene with immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. Vaccination with autologous dendritic cell-autologous tumor mRNA-human CD40L vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells from which the autologous tumor mRNA was derived. When expressed by dendritic cells, tumor antigens and the co-stimulatory molecule CD40L, which binds to CD40 receptors on antigen presenting cells (APC), facilitate both humoral and cellular immune responses against tumor cells.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine| A therapeutic cancer vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) fused with autologous tumor cells with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Autologous dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine is generated in vitro by mixing DCs and irradiated tumor cells harvested from individual patients and treating them with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to produce DC-tumor cell fusion hybrid cells. Upon administration, autologous dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine may elicit antitumor humoral and cellular immune responses. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous dinitrophenyl-modified ovarian cancer vaccine| A cancer vaccine consisting of autologous ovarian cancer cell peptide antigens conjugated to the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Administration of autologous dinitrophenyl-modified ovarian cancer vaccine may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against ovarian cancer cells. DNP conjugation may enhance the immunogenicity of weakly immunogenic antigens. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid-tumor fusion cell vaccine| A cell-based vaccine composed of autologous tumor cells fused with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells. Upon administration, this vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes| A preparation of lymphocytes harvested from a patient with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumor. Ex vivo, the lymphocytes are activated against EBV-specific antigens and then returned to the patient, where they mount a specific immune response against EBV-positive tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell vaccine| A cell-based vaccine composed of autologous lymphoblastoid B cells activated against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro with potential immunoprotective activity. Upon prophylactic administration, this vaccine may stimulate specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses against EBV-transformed B cells, thereby preventing an EBV-induced post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010| Multipotent self-renewing adherent non-hematopoietic stromal cells harvested from a patient's bone marrow and grown in vitro. When injected back into the patient, autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010 may differentiate into various mesenchyme-derived cell types and, in some instances, may augment bone marrow engraftment after whole-body irradiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous heat-shock protein 70 peptide vaccine AG-858| A recombinant cancer vaccine made with tumor-derived heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) peptide complexes. HSP70 associates with antigenic peptides, transporting them into antigen presenting cells (APC) for processing. Tumor-derived HSP70-peptide complexes used in vaccine preparations have been shown to prime tumor immunity and tumor-specific T cells in animal models. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous immunoglobulin idiotype-KLH conjugate vaccine| A cancer vaccine composed of tumor-specific idiotype determinants derived from an individual's tumor cells which are conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, an immunostimulant carrier protein. When injected into the individual from whom the tumor cells were isolated, this vaccine may stimulate an antitumoral cytotoxic T-lymphocytic immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous LMP1-/LMP2- specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes| A preparation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), specifically reactive to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane proteins (LMP) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Autologous dendritic cells and EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from patients with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are transduced with an LMP1/LMP2-expressing adenoviral vector, are irradiated, and then are used to stimulate and expand autologous CTL to produce autologous LMP1-/LMP2-specific CTL ex vivo. Administration of autologous LMP1-/LMP2- specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes may result in a specific CTL response against tumor cells expressing LMP1 and LMP2, resulting in cell lysis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in vivo. Among a limited set of viral antigens expressed by NPC cells, LMP1 and LMP2 are weak immunogens which, nevertheless, are capable of inducing a T-lymphocyte response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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autologous tumor cell vaccine| A therapeutic agent produced by isolating tumor cells from an individual and processing these tumor cells into a vaccine formulation in vitro; the vaccine is then administered to the individual from whom the tumor cells were isolated. Typically combined with an adjuvant immunostimulant, an autologous cell vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocytic immune response to cell surface-expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), resulting in tumor cell death. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Avage| (Other name for: tazarotene) |
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Avandia| (Other name for: rosiglitazone maleate) |
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Avastin| (Other name for: bevacizumab) |
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Avelox| (Other name for: moxifloxacin hydrochloride) |
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Avemar| (Other name for: fermented wheat germ extract) |
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Avinza| (Other name for: morphine sulfate) |
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Avita| (Other name for: tretinoin) |
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AVN944| An orally available, synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. AVN944 inhibits inosine monosphosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine molecule required for DNA and RNA synthesis. Inhibition of IMPDH deprives cancer cells of GTP, resulting in disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis. AVN944 appears to have a selective effect on cancer cells in that deprivation of GTP in normal cells results in a temporary slowing of cell growth only. IMPDH is overexpressed in some cancer cells, particularly in hematological malignancies. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Avodart| (Other name for: dutasteride) |
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AVR118| A peptide-nucleic acid immunomodulator with proinflammatory, broad-spectrum antiviral, and potential antineoplastic activities. AVR118 stimulates the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-y, IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a. This agent may reduce HIV-1 p24 antigen; viral reverse transcriptase activity; syncitial cell formation; and viral mRNA in infected PBMCs and human CD4+ lymphocyte H9 cells, and may decrease viral loads and increase CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts in HIV patients. In vitro, AVR118 has been shown to induce the maturation of HL60 leukemic cells and to inhibit the invasive and metastatic properties of a highly malignant breast cancer cell line. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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axitinib| An orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Axitinib inhibits the proangiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF), thereby exerting an anti-angiogenic effect. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Aygestin| (Other name for: norethindrone acetate) |
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azacitidine| A pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine with antineoplastic activity. Azacitidine is incorporated into DNA, where it reversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase, thereby blocking DNA methylation. Hypomethylation of DNA by azacitidine may activate tumor suppressor genes silenced by hypermethylation, resulting in an antitumor effect. This agent is also incorporated into RNA, thereby disrupting normal RNA function and impairing tRNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase activity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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azapicyl
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azaserine| A naturally occurring serine derivative diazo compound with antineoplastic properties, Azaserine functions as a purine antagonist and glutamine analogue (glutamine amidotransferase inhibitor) that competitively inhibits pathways in which glutamine is metabolized. An antibiotic and antitumor agent, Azaserine is used in clinical studies as a potential antineoplastic agent. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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azathioprine sodium| The sodium salt form of azathioprine, a pro-drug of purine analogue with immunosuppressive activity. Azathioprine is converted in vivo to its active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), which substitutes for the normal nucleoside and mistakenly gets incorporated into DNA sequences. This leads to inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. As a result, cell proliferation may be inhibited, particularly in lymphocytes and leukocytes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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AZD0530| An orally available 5-, 7-substituted anilinoquinazoline with anti-invasive and anti-tumor activities. AZD0530 is a dual-specific inhibitor of Src and Abl, protein tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. This agent binds to and inhibits these tyrosine kinases and their effects on cell motility, cell migration, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Specifically, AZD0530 inhibits Src kinase-mediated osteoclast bone resorption. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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aziridinylbenzoquinone RH1| A water-soluble, synthetic aziridinylbenzoquinone with potential antineoplastic activity. Bioactivation of aziridinylbenzoquinone RH1 occurs through the two-electron reduction of the quinone to the hydroquinone by the two-electron quinone reductase DT-diaphorase (DTD). The resultant hydroquinone selectively alkylates and cross-links DNA at the 5'-GNC-3' sequence, inihibiting DNA replication, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. DTD is over-expressed in many tumors relative to normal tissue, including lung, colon, breast and liver tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Azixa| (Other name for: MPC-6827) |
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AZP
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B7-DC cross-linking antibody rHIgM12B7| A recombinant form of the monoclonal IgM antibody M12 isolated from a Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia patient (rHIgM12) with potential immunomodulating activity. B7-DC cross-linking antibody rHIgM12B7 binds and crosslinks the B7 co-stimulatory family member B7-DC (PD-L2) on dendritic cells (DCs), antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play a crucial role in the human immune response. This results in enhanced activation of DCs; enhanced antigen-presenting activity; and increased production of immunomodulatory cytokines (especially interleukin 12); and may potentiate a specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia B cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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baclofen| A synthetic chlorophenyl-butanoic acid derivative used to treat spasms due to spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis, muscle-relaxing Baclofen acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist specific for GABA-B receptors. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, reducing excitatory transmission. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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baclofen/amitriptyline/ketamine gel| A topical preparation of baclofen, amitriptyline, and ketamine compounded in a penetration-enhancing polaxamer-lecithin organogel (PLO) with potential antineuralgic activity. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue baclofen appears to activate the inhibitory GABA(B) receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor, which may result in hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Amitriptyline likely produces antineuralgic effects via modulation of multiple subtypes of glutamate (Glu) receptors, independent of its antidepressant actions. Ketamine displays complex pharmacologic actions including biogenic amine uptake inhibition, interaction with opioid receptors, and inhibition of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Stimulation of GABA(B) receptor activity, modulation of Glu receptor activity, and inhibition of NMDA receptor activity may be of benefit in managing neuropathic pain. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Bactrim| (Other name for: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) |
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Bag Balm| (Other name for: 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate ointment) |
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barium sulfate| The sulfate salt of barium, an alkaline, divalent metal. Barium sulfate is quite insoluble in water, and is used as a radiopaque agent to diagnose gastrointestinal medical conditions. Barium sulfate is taken by mouth or given rectally. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Barseb HC| (Other name for: therapeutic hydrocortisone) |
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basiliximab| A recombinant, chimeric, human-murine monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) with immunosuppressant activity. Basiliximab selectively binds to and blocks IL-2R alpha, expressed on the surface of activated T-lymphocytes, thereby preventing interleukin-2 binding and inhibiting the interleukin-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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BAY 56-3722| A water-soluble camptothecin derivative conjugated to a carbohydrate moiety exhibiting antineoplastic activity. BAY 56-3722 stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex and forms an enzyme-drug-DNA ternary complex. As a consequence of the formation of this complex, both the initial cleavage reaction and religation steps are inhibited and subsequent collision of the replication fork with the cleaved strand of DNA results in inhibition of DNA replication, double strand DNA breakage and triggering of apoptosis. The peptide carbohydrate moiety of this agent stabilizes the lactone form of camptothecin in blood. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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BayGam| (Other name for: therapeutic immune globulin) |
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BB-10901| An immunoconjugate of a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (huN-901) and DMI, a semi-synthetic derivative of the plant-derived ansa macrolide maytansine. The antibody moiety of BB-10901 selectively attaches to CD56 antigen, a neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)) expressed on the surface of cells of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. Thus, the DMI conjugate is targeted specifically to CD56-expressing tumor cells, where it inhibits tubulin polymerization and assembly, resulting in inhibition of mitosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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BCG vaccine| A vaccine containing bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, with non-specific immunoadjuvant and immunotherapeutic activities. Although the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is unclear, immunization with BCG vaccine likely activates a Th1 cytokine response that includes the induction of interferon. Vaccination with BCG vaccine may be immunoprotective against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bcr-abl (b2a2)-derived peptide vaccine| A peptide vaccine consisting of the bcr-abl b2a2 fusion oncoprotein, frequently expressed in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with the bcr-abl (b2a2)-derived peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that express the bcr-abl b2a2 fusion protein. Fusion genes in CML typically result from the fusion of either BCR exon b2 or BCR exon b3 to ABL exon a2, a 'b3a2' or a 'b2a2' fusion. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bcr-abl (b3a2)-derived peptide vaccine| A peptide vaccine consisting of the bcr-abl b3a2 fusion oncoprotein, frequently expressed in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with the bcr-abl (b3a2)-derived peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that express the bcr-abl b3a2 fusion protein.
Fusion genes in CML typically result from the fusion of either BCR exon b2 or BCR exon b3 to ABL exon a2, a 'b3a2' or a 'b2a2' fusion. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bcr-abl p210-b3a2 breakpoint-derived multipeptide vaccine| A multipeptide vaccine consisting of five peptides derived from the bcr-abl p210-b3a2 breakpoint fusion protein with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with bcr-abl p210-b3a2 breakpoint-derived multipeptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that express the bcr-abl p210-b3a2 breakpoint fusion protein.
In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), fusion genes typically result from the fusion of either bcr exon b2 or exon b3 to abl exon a2, resulting in either a b3a2 or a b2a2 gene fusion product. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bcr-abl peptide vaccine
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BEACOPP regimen| A chemotherapy regimen consisting of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine and prednisone, used for the treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Bead Block Compressible Microspheres| (Other name for: PVA microporous hydrospheres) |
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becatecarin| A synthetic diethylaminoethyl analogue of the indolocarbazole glycoside antineoplastic antibiotic rebeccamycin. Becatecarin intercalates into DNA and stabilizes the DNA-topoisomerase I complex, thereby interfering with the topoisomerase I-catalyzed DNA breakage-reunion reaction and initiating DNA cleavage and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Becenum| (Other name for: carmustine) |
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Beconase| (Other name for: beclomethasone dipropionate) |
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Beesix| (Other name for: pyridoxine hydrochloride) |
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belagenpumatucel-L| A transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) antisense gene-modified allogeneic tumor cell vaccine with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Belagenpumatucel-L is prepared by transfecting allogeneic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with a plasmid containing a TGF-beta2 antisense transgene, expanding the cells, and then irradiating and freezing them. Upon administration, this agent may elicit a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against host NSCLC cells, resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation; vaccine immunogenicity may be potentiated by suppression of tumor TGF-beta2 production by antisense RNA expressed by the vaccine plasmid TGF-beta2 antisense transgene. Elevated levels of TGF-beta2 are frequently linked to immunosuppression in cancer patients and may be inversely correlated with prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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belinostat| A novel hydroxamic acid-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Belinostat targets HDAC enzymes, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, promoting cellular differentiation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This agent may sensitize drug-resistant tumor cells to other antineoplastic agents, possibly through a mechanism involving the down-regulation of thymidylate synthase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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belotecan hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of the semi-synthetic camptothecin analogue belotecan with potential antitumor activity. Belotecan binds to and inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I, stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I-DNA, which inhibits the religation of single-stranded DNA breaks generated by topoisomerase I; lethal double-stranded DNA breaks occur when the topoisomerase I-DNA complex is encountered by the DNA replication machinery, DNA replication is disrupted, and the tumor cell undergoes apoptosis. Topoisomerase I is an enzyme that mediates reversible single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bemiparin sodium| The sodium salt of bemiparin, a second generation, synthetic, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with anticoagulant activity. Derived, after depolymerisation and fractionation, from medical-grade porcine unfractionated heparin (UFH), bemiparin has an average molecular weight of 3,600 daltons and has a higher anti-factor Xa/anti-factor IIa ratio (8:1) than first-generation LMWHs. This anticoagulant binds to antithrombin III, thereby enhancing the inactivation of activated Factor X (Factor Xa) and, to a lesser extent, activated factor II (Factor IIa). Compared to unfractionated heparins, the use of bemiparin is associated with lower incidences of major bleeding, osteoporosis, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Bemiparin also promotes a greater release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor than UFH or dalteparin.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Benadryl| (Other name for: diphenhydramine hydrochloride) |
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bendamustine hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of bendamustine, a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative with alkylator and antimetabolite activities. Bendamustine possesses three active moieties: an alkylating group; a benzimidazole ring, which may act as a purine analogue; and a butyric acid side chain. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, this agent appears to act primarily as an alkylator. Bendamustine metabolites alkylate and crosslink macromolecules, resulting in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis inhibition, and, subsequently, apoptosis. Bendamustine may differ from other alkylators in that it may be more potent in activating p53-dependent stress pathways and inducing apoptosis; it may induce mitotic catastrophe; and it may activate a base excision DNA repair pathway rather than an alkyltransferase DNA repair mechanism. Accordingly, this agent may be more efficacious and less susceptible to drug resistance than other alkylators. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Bendopa| (Other name for: levodopa) |
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Benefin| (Other name for: shark cartilage) |
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Benemid| (Other name for: probenecid) |
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Beneo Synergy 1| (Other name for: oligofructose-enriched inulin) |
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Benoquin| (Other name for: monobenzone) |
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benzoylphenylurea| A low molecular weight agent with antineoplastic activity. Benzoylphenylurea binds to the colchicine binding site on tubulin, thereby blocking tubulin polymerization and disrupting mitotic function. This agent also inhibits DNA polymerase, and has been shown to arrest leukemia cells in the G1-S transition phase of the cell cycle. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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benzydamine hydrochloride| An indazole non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-edema properties. Unlike other NSAIDs, benzydamine hydrochloride does not inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX) but stabilizes membranes, resulting in local anesthesia; inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils; inhibits leukocyte aggregation and adhesion; and exhibits antimicrobial properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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berubicin hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of the anthracycline derivative berubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Berubicin intercalates into DNA and interrupts topoisomerase II activity, resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication and repair, and RNA and protein synthesis. Unlike other anthracycline derivatives, this agent crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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beta carotene| A naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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beta-glucan| A polysaccharide isolated from the cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi with immunostimulant and antineoplastic activities. In a solubilized form, beta-glucan binds to a lectin site within complement receptor 3 (CR3) on leukocytes, priming the receptor to trigger cytotoxic degranulation of leukocytes when leukocyte CR3 binds to complement 3 (iC3b)-coated tumors. Thus, the attachment of beta-glucan to CR3 of circulating leukocytes simulates leukocytes to kill iC3b-coated tumor cells in the same way as they kill iC3b-coated yeast. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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beta-lapachone| A naphthoquinone compound derived from bark of Tabebuia sp., with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antitrypanosomal activities. Beta-lapachone exerts its anti-tumor effect by indirect actions of inducing p53-independent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest mediated through altered activities of cell cycle control regulatory proteins; including down-regulating retinoblastoma protein (pRB), a transcriptional repressor target at transcription factor E2F-1, as well as induces expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A or p21). Both E2F-1 and p21 are required for G1/S-phase transition during cell cycle. This agent also inhibits DNA topoisomerase I by a mechanism distinct from that of camptothecin, and thereby blocks the formation of a cleavable complex leading to enzyme inhibition and prevent DNA repair. Furthermore, beta-lapachone could induce reactive oxygen species in vivo, and result in cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside| A thiopurine nucleoside derivative with antineoplastic activity. After conversion to the triphosphate, beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside is incorporated into DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication. This agent is cytotoxic against leukemia cell lines and has demonstrated some activity against leukemia cells in vivo. Beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside demonstrates antineoplastic activity against 6-thioguanine-resistant tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Betadine| (Other name for: povidone-iodine solution) |
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BetaMarc| (Other name for: formoterol fumarate/roxithromycin) |
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betamethasone| A synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. Betamethasone binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Betaseron| (Other name for: recombinant interferon beta) |
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betulinic acid| A pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin (isolated from the bark of Betula alba, the common white birch) with antiinflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis
through induction of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen
species, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in the release of mitochondrial
apogenic factors, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Although originally thought to exhibit specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, this agent has been found to be cytotoxic against non-melanoma tumor cell types including neuroectodermal.and brain tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bevacizumab| A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic cytokine. Bevacizumab binds to VEGF and inhibits VEGF receptor binding, thereby preventing the growth and maintenance of tumor blood vessels. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bexarotene| A synthetic retinoic acid agent with potential antineoplastic, chemopreventive, teratogenic and embryotoxic properties. Bexarotene selectively binds to and activates retinoid X receptors (RXRs), thereby inducing changes in gene expression that lead to cell differentiation, decreased cell proliferation, apoptosis of some cancer cell types, and tumor regression. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Bextra| (Other name for: valdecoxib) |
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Bexxar| (Other name for: tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab) |
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BI 2536| A small molecule compound with potential antineoplastic activities. BI 2536 binds to and inhibits Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), resulting in mitotic arrest, disruption of cytokinesis, and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations. Plk1, a serine/threonine-protein kinase, is a key regulator of multiple processes fundamental to mitosis and cell division. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Biaxin| (Other name for: clarithromycin) |
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BIBX 1382| A pyrimido-pyrimidine with antitumor activity. BIBX 1382 inhibits the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) thus specifically reversing the aberrant enzymatic activity from overexpressed and constitutively activated EGFR, and subsequently inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell differentiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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bicalutamide| A synthetic, nonsteroidal antiandrogen. Bicalutamide competitively binds to cytosolic androgen receptors in target tissues, thereby inhibiting the receptor binding of androgens. This agent does not bind to most mutated forms of androgen receptors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Bicitra| (Other name for: sodium citrate) |
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BiCNU| (Other name for: carmustine) |
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Biomed 101
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Bioperine| (Other name for: piperine extract (standardized)) |
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