Agent Name |
p-Nitrochlorobenzene |
Alternative Name |
p-Chloronitrobenzene |
CAS Number |
100-00-5 |
Formula |
C6-H4-Cl-N-O2 |
Major Category |
Nitrogen Compounds |
Synonyms |
1-Chloor-4-nitrobenzeen [Dutch]; 1-Chlor-4-nitrobenzol [German]; 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene; 1-Cloro-4-nitrobenzene [Italian]; 1-Nitro-4-chlorobenzene; 4-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene; 4-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Nitro-1-chlorobenzene; 4-Nitrochlorobenzene; Benzene, 1-chloro-4-nitro-; PNCB; p-Chloronitrobenzene; p-Nitrochloorbenzeen [Dutch]; p-Nitrochlorobenzene; p-Nitrochlorobenzol [German]; p-Nitroclorobenzene [Italian]; p-Nitrophenyl chloride; [ChemIDplus] UN1578 |
Category |
Nitros, Aromatic |
Description |
Light yellow crystalline solid with a sweet odor; [CAMEO] |
Sources/Uses |
Used to manufacture dyes, rubber, and insecticides; [ACGIH] |
Comments |
Listed in a table of "Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity"; liver injury seen in subchronic animal studies; [ACGIH] Can induce methemoglobinemia; May cause skin sensitization after prolonged contact; [ICSC] |
Exposure Assessment |
BEI |
Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH] |
Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Yes |
TLV (ACGIH) |
0.64 mg/m3 |
PEL (OSHA) |
1 mg/m3 |
IDLH (NIOSH) |
100 mg/m3 |
Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: Workers exposed intermittently for 0.5 to 1 hour over many months to concentrations ranging from 7 to 400 mg/m3 (average of 90 mg/m3) had only vague complaints of tiredness, loss of appetite, headache, and afternoon fatigue [Watrous and Schultz 1950]. Because of the strong and disagreeable odor, these workers voluntarily wore respiratory protection when exposed to the higher concentrations [Watrous and Schultz 1950]. |
Vapor Pressure |
0.09 mm Hg |
Lethal Concentration |
LCLo (rats) = 16,100 mg/m3/4H |
Explanatory Notes |
Flash point = 127 deg C; |
Flammability (NFPA) |
1: must be preheated |
Adverse Effects |
Methemoglobinemia |
Methemoglobinemia, Primary |
Skin Sensitizer |
Yes |
Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
IARC Carcinogen |
Not Classifiable |
Links to Other NLM Databases |
Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: 1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE
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