| Agent Name |
ENZYMES |
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| Alternative Name |
CLASS |
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| Major Category |
Biological Agents |
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| Synonyms |
beta-Glucuronidase [9001-45-0] |
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| Category |
Biological Enzymes |
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| Sources/Uses |
The most commonly used enzyme groups are proteases, amylases, lipases, lysozymes, cellulases, hemicellulases, xylanases, glucoamylases, pectinases, lactases, catalases, phytase (phosphatase), and hyaluronidases. These enzymes are used in the following industries: pharmacy, dairy, bakery, catering/food, animal feed, paper, detergent, and textile. [Reference #1]Enzymes are used in the following industries: Baking (alpha-amylase and proteases); Brewing (amylase, glucanases, proteases); Dairy (rennin, lipases, lactases); Starch (amylases, amyloglucosideases, glucoamylases, glucose isomerase); Paper (amylases, xylanases, cellulases, ligninases); Biofuel (cellulases, ligninases); Rubber (catalase); and Photographic (protease). In addition, enzymes are used in molecular biology (restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase); contact lens cleaners (proteases); laundry detergents (proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases); meat tenderizers (papain); fruit juices (cellulases, pectinases); and baby foods (trypsin). [Wikpedia] |
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| Comments |
Enzymes that cause contact urticaria include amylases, proteases, cellulases, lipozygenases, etc. [Kanerva 2004, p. 97] Allergens that cause asthma, based on "Agents Causing Occupational Asthma with Key References" by Chan-Yeung & Malo. [Malo] All enzymes should be labeled as "may cause sensitization by inhalation." [Reference #1] The most important enzymes in this group are the subtilisins (proteolytic enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis and used in laundry detergents). The subtilisins are covered separately in this database. Other enzymes which have also caused occupational asthma include papain from papaya, bromelin from pineapple, and trypsin from hogs. Enzymes such as trypsin, papain, pepsin, pancreatin, flaviastase, bromelin, lactase, egg and serratial lysosyme, and serratial peptidase are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Fungal amylase and fungal amyloglucosidase and hemicellulase are used by bakers. Esperase is another enzyme used in the detergent industry. Workers have been exposed to xylanase in the laboratory and pectinase in enzyme factories. |
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| Reference Link |
Enzymes as occupational and environmental respirat...[Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005] - PubMed Result |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Not evaluated |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Asthma |
Yes |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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