Product Pathways - Cytoskeletal Signaling
Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody #2605
Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
W | H M GP (R) | Endogenous | 61 to 67 (PAK2), 68 to 74 (PAK1/3) | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
GP=Guinea Pig
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Protocols
- 2605:
- Western Blotting
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody detects endogenous levels of Ser199/204 phosphorylated PAK1 or Ser192/197 phosphorylated PAK2. It may also detect Ser200/205 phosphorylated PAK3, however it does not cross-react with phosphorylated PAK4.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding serine 199/204 of human PAK1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine kinases is engaged in multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, MAPK signaling, apoptotic signaling, control of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2). Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported. Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the amino terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1). Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr423 by PDK induces activation of PAK1 (3). Several autophosphorylation sites have been identified, including serines 199 and 204 of PAK1 and serines 192 and 197 of PAK2 (4,5). Because the autophosphorylation sites are located in the amino-terminal inhibitory domain, it has been hypothesized that modification in this region prevents the kinase from reverting to an inactive conformation (6). Research indicates that phosphorylation of Ser144 of PAK1 or Ser139 of PAK3 (located in the kinase inhibitory domain) affects kinase activity (7). Phosphorylation of Ser21 of PAK1 or Ser20 of PAK2 regulates binding with the adaptor protein Nck (8). More recently identified family members including PAK4, PAK5 and PAK6 have lower sequence similarity with PAK1-3 in the amino-terminal regulatory region (9). Phosphorylation of Ser474 of PAK4, a site analogous to Thr423 of PAK1, may play a pivotal role in regulating the activity and function of PAK4 (10).
- Knaus, U.G. and Bokoch, G.M. (1998) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30, 857-862.
- Daniels, R.H. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 754-764.
- King, C.C. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 41201-41209.
- Manser, E. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 1129-1143.
- Gatti, A. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8022-8028.
- Lei, M. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 387-397.
- Chong, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 17347-17353.
- Zhao, Z. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3906-3917.
- Abo, A. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 6527-6540.
- Qu, J. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 3523-3533.
Application References
- Kaempchen, K. et al. (2003) Upregulation of the Rac1/JNK signaling pathway in primary human schwannoma cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 1211-1221. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: IC-IF
- Zhan, Q. et al. (2003) p21-Activated Kinase 2 in Neutrophils Can Be Regulated by Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites and by a Variety of Protein Phosphatases. The Journal of Immunology 171, 3785-3793. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
- Cai, D. et al. (2003) The GDP exchange factor AND-34 is expressed in B cells, associates with HEF1, and activates Cdc42. J. Immunol. 170, 969-978. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
- Weber, D. S. et al. (2004) Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase 1 and p21-Activated Protein Kinase Mediate Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Regulation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Circulation Research 94, 1219-1226. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
- Harfouche, R. et al. (2005) FASEB J 19, 1728-30. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
- Misra, U.K. et al. (2005) J Immunol 175, 2525-33. This article references the use of Phospho-PAK1 (Ser199/204)/PAK2 (Ser192/197) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
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Companion Products
- 2602 PAK1 Antibody
- 2604 PAK1/2/3 Antibody
- 2606 Phospho-PAK1 (Ser144)/PAK2 (Ser141) Antibody
- 2607 Phospho-PAK2 (Ser20) Antibody
- 2608 PAK2 Antibody
- 2609 PAK3 Antibody
- 2461 Phospho-Rac1/cdc42 (Ser71) Antibody
- 2601 Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody
- 3241 Phospho-PAK4 (Ser474)/PAK5 (Ser602)/PAK6 (Ser560) Antibody
- 3242 PAK4 Antibody
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- 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
- 7003 20X LumiGLO® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.